22. Data Protection

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Data Protection Act 1998 was replaced by...
Following the implementation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
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... Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA).
National security is also outside the scope of EU law. Intelligence services are required to comply with...
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... internationally recognized data protection standards*,
[general, easy]
*Council of Europe Data Protection Convention 108
What does stand for ICO?
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Information Commissioner’s Office
UK independent authority set up to uphold Information rights in the public interest (inc. data protection).
DPA 2018 Principles. Processing must be lawful and...
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... fair.
also:
specified, explicit, adequate, kept for no longer than is necessary, processed in a secure manner.
Data controllers, those entities that collect and process personal data, have to register with the...
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ICO
Information Commissioner’s Office
UK General Data Protection Regulation is based on (UK GDPR)...
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... EU GDPR.
[easy]
General Data Protection Regulation
The GDPR applies to both data controllers and processors, whereas the DPA only applies to...
Data Protection Act (DPA)
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... to data controllers.
GDPR vs DPA scope:
Data Protection Act (DPA)
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UK GDPR covers overseas controllers and processors offering goods and services to or monitoring UK data subjects.
UK GDPR places accountability obligations on...
(function/profession)
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... data controllers
What does stand for DPO?
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Data Protection Officer
UK GDPR makes it mandatory for certain organisations, such as public authorities.
Data Protection Principles under UK GDPR:
LFPD ASA
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Lawfulness, | Fairness, | Purpose limitation, | Data minimisation, | Accuracy, | Storage limitation, | Accountability.
LFPD ASA
Criminal convictions are not considered as...
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... as sensitive data
Portability
data protection
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Data subjects will have a new right to obtain a copy of their personal data from the data controller in a commonly used and machine-readable format in order to transmit that data.
For own purposes across different services.
Data Security
data protection
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Level of security of personal data proportionate to the risk, using pseudonymisation and encryption.
UK GDPR, organisations can be fined by ICO up to...
%
data protection
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4% of their annual worldwide turnover.
I tier
(or, if greater, £17.5 million)
UK GDPR, organisations can be fined by ICO up 4% of their annual worldwide turnover or...
£
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if greater, £17.5 million breaches of certain provisions.
I tier
II tier: And up to 2% (or, if greater £8.7 million) for other specified breaches.
Personal data breach must be report to the ICO within...
t i m e
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72 hours of the firm becoming aware of the breach.
What is a personal data breach?
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A breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of personal data. This means that a breach is more than just losing personal data.
What breaches need to notified to the ICO? | loss of confidentiality, | financial loss, | result in discrimination and...
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... damage to reputation.
Give an example what information must be reported to the ICO?
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A description of the likely consequences of the personal data breach.
Data protection. Example when should a firm advise individuals about a breach?
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When is likely to result in a High Risk to the rights and freedoms of individuals.
So the threshold for informing individuals is higher than for notifying the ICO.
The duty to tell an individual about a data protection breach does not apply if for example...
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... the data has been securely encrypted.
Or it would involve disproportionate effort (so public communication can be use as more practicable).
Data protection breach. Firms may restrict the information that you provide to individuals to, for example...
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... to protect national security.
To avoid obstructing a legal inquiry.
Breaches of data protection can now also lead to criminal prosecution, resulting in...
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unlimited fines.
What is the subject of Public Interest Disclosure Act (PIDA) 1998?
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whistleblowing
What is a whistleblowing champion?
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Appointed individual to take responsibility for whisleblowing arrangements, usually non-executive director.
With the access to appropriate resources (for example, access to independent legal advice and training) and information sufficient to enable them to carry out that responsibility.
Whistleblowing. What court rules cased under Employment Rights Act 1996?
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An employment tribunal.
Whistleblowing. In order to consider adopting appropriate internal procedures firms are encouraged to invite their Appointed representatives or...
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... Tied Agents.
What is Threshold condition 5?
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Suitability
Fitness and propriety of the firm or relevant members of its staff.
Whistleblowing. Appropriate training is required for: | UK-based employees. | Managers and...
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... employees responsible for operating the firm's internal arrangements.

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