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Frage Antworten
norma, standard
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norm
Paying for large purchases by credit card instead of in cash has become the norm in many parts of the world.
odrbębny
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discrete
Although speech is mostly continuous sound, written language is divided up into discrete units which we call words.
koordynować
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coordinate
One of the roles of the Managing Director is to coordinate the work of different departments to ensure that they work well together.
geografia
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Geography
In geography, we study the physical features of the world -such as rivers and mountains - and ho we make use of them.
żródło
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source
The purpose of a bibliography at the end of an essay is to show the sources of information used in writing the essay.
przyimek
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preposition
Remember that some verbs may need to be followed by a preposition, such as lead to, result in, and so on.
ocena, szacunek
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estimate
Although we cannot be sure, most estimates point to a significant increase in average air temperatures in the next 100 years.
leżeć u podstaw
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underlie
Everyone knows that diseases such as malaria are on the increase again, but what we are not so sure about is the underlying cause of this.
racjonalny
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rational
Most economic theories assume that people act on a rational basis, but this doesn't take account of the fact that we often use our emotions instead.
biegun
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pole
Most countries in the Far East have developed very quickly, while at the opposite pole many Third World countries have not grown at all.
program, system
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scheme
The government has launched a new scheme aimed at reducing youth unemployment.
zadanie
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task
While half of the students were responsible for writing the questionnaires, the others had the task of analyzing the data.
niewystarczający, wykazujący niedobór
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deficient
Of somebody has a diet which is deficient in vitamins, he/she may suffer poor health as a result.
nieodpowiedni, nieadekwatny
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inadequate
fabuła
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plot
Although the characters were very convincing, the plot was so weak that the film was a failure.
przejście, przemiana
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transition
The transition from a communist to a free-market economy has been ve ry difficult for a number of countries.
przewóz, tranzyt
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transit
odpowiedni
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appropriate
Students usually dress casually at university, but this style of dress is not appropriate when they start work.
prawidłowy, poprawny
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correct
właściciel
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proprietor
The opinions expressed in a newspaper usually reflect the views of the proprietor
komuna, wspólnota
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commune
Extreme religious groups living in isolated communes have been responsible for a number of violent crimes.
zwołać, zebrać się
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convene
In order to discuss the implications of the crisis, the President convened a meeting of his top advisors at the White House.
gromadzić się, zbierać się
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gather
satelita
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satellite
Because of the growth in the number of communication satellites in space, viewers have access to more television channels.
kwestia, sprawa (sporna)
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issue
An important social and political issue in many developed countries is the growing number of old people.
temat
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topic
zbaczać, odbiegać
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deviate
Sometimes, unexpected economic changes force an organization n to deviate from its original business plan.
zmienić kierunek, przekierować
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divert
czynnik
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factor
There are many reasons behind the success of the fastest-growing economies, but one common factor seems to be high levels of education.
porzucać, zaniechać, rezygnować z
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abandon
Because the weather was so bad, the astronauts abandoned their attempt to launch the space shuttle.
konflikt
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conflict
Resentment and jealousy over jobs is common source of conflict within society having top positions in the workplace.
znaczenie, istotność
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relevance
Many members of the public question the relevance of the monarchy to life in modern society.
wykluczać, nie obejmować
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exclude
Retraining courses for the unemployed may just be a way to exclude more people from the unemployment totals.
pokrywać się, odpowiadać czemuś
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correspond
The letters L, E and C on the map correspond to London, Edinburgh and Cardiff.
wizja
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vision
Some environmentalists have a very bleak vision of the future, while others are much more optimistic.
wykorzystywać
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exploit
One way in which some countries can produce very cheap goods is to exploit child workers by paying them very low wages.
rozproszyć, rozpędzać (np. tłum)
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disperse
The demonstrators refused to disperse, although the police were heavily armed and very aggressive.
poszukiwać, zabiegać o
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seek
Multi-national companies are often keen to seek local companies in developing economies willing to act as partners
obracać się
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rotate
The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours.
utrzymać, zachować
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maintain
It is better to work at a constant rate and to maintain this during the year rather than try to learn everything the night before the examinations.
postawa, stosunek
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attitude
Nowadays, most people have a more favorable attitude towards women having top positions in the workplace
przystosowywać się
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adapt
If a family moves abroad, the children often adapt to their new environment more quickly than their parents.
wyrzucić, pozbywać się
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throw away, dispose of
Environmentalists are keen to persuade us to throw away (dispose of) rubbish and waste in more environmentally-friendly ways.
substancja (chemiczna)
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chemical, substance
Poisonous substances (chemicals) released into the sea may be absorbed by fish and then find their way into the human food chain.
wiarygodny
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plausible, credible
A growing number of scientists find it plausible (credible) that other life forms may exist elsewhere in the universe.
zależeć od kogoś/czegoś
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depend on, rely on
Some countries have such great economic problems that they are forced to depend on (rely on) aid from richer countries in order to feed their inhabitants.
wystarczający
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sufficient, adequate
Before accepting an overseas student, a university will make sure that the student's English is sufficient (adequate).
zużywać
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use, consume
The North Americans use (consume) more energy and resources than any other nation.
osiągnąć
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achieve, accomplish
Although Mozart lived for only 40 years, he achieved (accomplished) a great deal in his short life.
zajmować
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fill, occupy
At examination time, go to the library early as all the places tend to be filled (occupied) very quickly.
wywierać (np. wpływ)
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exercise, exert
Because of its economic and military strength, the USA exercises (exerts) considerable influence over world politics.
przejawiać się
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shown by, manifest
He suffers from a lack of self-confidence, as shown by (manifested) his very poor examination results
zachowanie
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behaviour, conduct
Prisoners are sometimes released from prison early if they behaviour (conduct) has been good.
obszar, teren
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region, area
If global warming continues, many regions (areas) of the world will become drier while others may become wetter.
regulować
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adjust
Before giving a presentation, always adjust the focus on the projector so that everyone can read what is on the screen.
powierzchowny, płytki
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superficial
The changes companies make to their cars are often very superficial and may not change the basic structure of the cars at all.
mikroskopijny, malutki
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minute
maksymalny
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maximum
Although most cars can travel much faster, the maximum speed limit in the UK is 70 mph.
okoliczności, warunki
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circumstance
In special circumstances, a person who is found guilty of murder may receive no punishment at all from the court.
ujawniać
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reveal
The results of the government inquiry revealed that there had been no deliberate attempt by the company to deceive investors.
wizerunek
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image
One important aspect of marketing is to create a positive image of a company or a product.
sztuka, dramat
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drama
Today, people are probably more familiar with drama on the television and radio rather than in the theatre.
motyw
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motive
Police could not understand why the arrested man had murdered his neighbour since he appeared to have no motive.
wzór, motyw
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motif
zorientować się
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orientate
The first two weeks of the course are designed to orientate new students and to allow them into university life.
wyraźny, precyzyjny
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explicit
The instructions from air traffic control were not fully explicit, and as a result the pilot made an error and crashed.
zanieczyszczony
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contaminated
A large number of people became ill after receiving blood transfusions contaminated with the AIDS virus.
kontakt
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contact
Joining a newsgroup allows computer users to make contact with other people who share a similar interest.
doceniać
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appreciate
If you have time, I would really appreciate some help with this assignment.
niedobór pracowników
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labour shortage
After the Second World War, there was a labour shortage in Britain and so workers from other countries had to be recruited.
dynamiczna osobowość
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dynamic personality
Some people found Mrs Thatcher's style somewhat aggressive, while others referred to regard her as having a forceful and dynamic personality.
wysiłek fizyczny
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physical exercise
His doctor advised him to give up fatty foods and to take some form of physical exercise such as golf.
władza i prestiż
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power and prestige
In mos countries, Marcedes-Benz cars are very famous because they are regarded as symbols of power and prestige
ostateczna decyzja
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final decision
The university refused to make a final decision on his application until he had taken a language test.
klasyczny przykład
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classic example
Without doubt, Coca-Cola is probably the classic example of a product that is known world-wide.
wcześniejsze doświadczenie
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previous experience
Employers are always keen to recruit staff with good qualifications and relevant previous experience.
pozytywne aspekty
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positive aspects
Those language learners who focus on the positive aspects of living in a new culture rather than on the disadvantages tend to learn more quickly.
ostry krytyk
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outspoken critic
Because she was an outspoken critic of the government, she was kept under house arrest for a number of years.
cecha wspólna
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common feature
Unfortunately, rising crime rates seem to be an increasingly common feature of life in big cities today.
sieć komputerowa
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computer network
The Internet, as the name implies, is really a huge computer network, lining computers all over the world.
światowa gospodarka
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global economy
Tourism is nowa a very significant part of the global economy, earning millions of dollars.

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