Bates 2

three general formats for testing that case studies offer

controlled comparison, congruence procedures, process tracking

Regarding the specific testing format being used, what are the three steps that ought to be followed?

state the theory, state the expectations about what we should observe in the case (if the th is valid, what we should see if its false), explore the case looking for congruence or incongruity between expactation and observation

what are controlled comparisons

investigator explored paired observations in two or more cases asking if values on the pairs are congruent or incongruent with the theory's predictions. atheory passes if the DV are higher than in case A than B.

two principal ways Controlled Comparisons are carried out

John Stuart Mill's "method of difference" or "method of agreement"

what are congruence procedures

the investigator explores the case looking for congruence or incongruence between values observed on the dependent or independent variable and values predicted by the test hypothesis

two principal ways Congruence Procedures are carried out

comparison to typical values or multiple within-case comparisons

process tracking

the investigator explores the chain of events or the decision making process by which initial case conditions are translated into outcomes. The cause-effect link is unwrapped and divided into smaller steps, then the investigator looks for observable evide