English Words

endorsement

a statement made by someone in an advertisement, especially a well-known person, saying that they use and like a particular product

intangible

intangible quality. impossible to touch, to describe exactly, or to give an exact value

higher end

very good quality/high-end consumers

word of mouth

Meaning of word-of-mouth in English word-of-mouth adjective UK /ˌwɜːd.əvˈmaʊθ/ US /ˌwɝːd.əvˈmaʊθ/ Add to word list given or done by people talking about something or telling people about something/poczta pantoflowa

pit someone/something against someone/something

to cause one person, group, or thing to fight against or be in competition with another:

divisive

used to describe something that causes great and sometimes unfriendly disagreement within a group of people/ kotrowersyjny

severely

very seriously: Their daughter was severely injured in a car accident.

deteriorate

to become worse: condition deteriorates She was taken into hospital last week when her condition suddenly deteriorated.

tense

nervous and unable to relax. She was very tense as she waited for the interview.

to say the least

used to show that what you are describing is in fact much more serious or important than you have suggested: It's going to be awkward, to say the least.

abuse of power

use power in wrong purpose

tenure

kadencja

rivarly

serious competition between businesses/people. rywalizacja

draw support

uzyskać wsparcie

distinct

clearly noticeable; The sales chart shows a distinct decline in the past few months.

pave the way

making smth possible: Scientists hope that data from the probe will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars.

be marked

to be shown to be different because of a certain characteristic: I can't speak a word of French so I'm marked as a foreigner as soon as I arrive in France

spat

a short argument, usually about something that is not important: She was having a spat with her brother about who should do the washing up

alleged

said or thought by some people to be the stated bad or illegal thing, although you have no proof: It took 15 years for the alleged criminals (= people thought to be criminals) to prove their innocence.

rule of law breachers

act of braking the law

appeal to somebody

request to smd

heft

to lift, hold, or carry something heavy using your hands: I watched him heft the heavy sack onto his shoulder

RSPV

abbreviation for "répondez s’il vous plaît", French for "please reply"; used at the end of a written invitation to mean that you should tell the people who invited you whether or not you are coming

minutes

the written record of what was said at a meeting

reserved

Reserved people do not often talk about or show their feelings or thoughts: a quiet, reserved woman / skryty

coherent

If someone is coherent, you can understand what that person says: When she calmed down, she was more coherent (= able to speak clearly and be understood).

hesitant

If you are hesitant, you do not do something immediately or quickly because you are nervous or not certain: hesitant about You seemed a bit hesitant about recommending that restaurant - is something wrong with it? / niezdycydowany

eloquent

giving a clear, strong message: She made an eloquent appeal for action. mający dar, łatwość wymowy

inhibited

not confident enough to say or do what you want: The presence of strangers made her feel inhibited / skrępowany

succinct / concise

said in a clear and short way; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words: Keep your letter succinct and to the point / lakoniczny

rambling

to make a continuous low sound. to sound unclear during conversation

vague

A vague person is not able to think clearly, or gives an impression of not thinking clearly in order to hide their real thoughts / mało precyzyjny

reluctant

not willing to do something and therefore slow to do it. Many parents feel reluctant to talk openly with their children / niechętny

eager

wanting very much to do or have something, especially something interesting or enjoyable. I'm eager to see the results / chętny

firm

not soft but not completely hard: I'd rather sleep on a firm mattress than a soft one/ solidny, twardy, pewny, stanowczy

respectful

showing politeness (grzeczność) or honour to someone or something

emphatic

If someone or something that they do or say is emphatic, it is strong and clear, without any possibility for doubt. The minister has issued an emphatic rejection of the accusation

arrogant

unpleasantly proud and behaving as if you are more important than, or know more than, other people: I found him arrogant and rude

confuse

to mix up someone's mind or ideas, or to make something difficult to understand: You're confusing him! Tell him slowly and one thing at a time.

digress

to move away from the main subject you are writing or talking about and to write or talk about something else: But I digress. To get back to what I was saying, this poem reflects the poet's love of nature and his religious beliefs

engage

to interest someone in something and keep them thinking about it: The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation

customer retention

the fact of keeping a customer for a period of time: customer retention rate/ratio The firm's customer retention rate has remained steady at 82%.

focus group

a group of people who have been brought together to discuss a particular subject in order to solve a problem or suggest ideas. lub grupa docelowa np. klientów

domestic

relating to a person's own country: domestic airlines/flights Domestic opinion had turned against the war. rodzimy

withdraw

This credit card allows you to withdraw up to £200 a day from ATMs. The UN has withdrawn its troops from the country. Eleven million bottles of water had to be withdrawn from sale due to a health scare.

retailer

a person, shop, or business that sells goods to the public. sprzedawca detaliczny

wholesaler

someone who buys and sells goods in large amounts to shops and businesses: a furniture wholesaler/ hurtownik

suffer a blow

doznać porażki

ambiguous

having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally: His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous / dwuznaczny

mature market

A market is mature when it has reached a state of equilibrium. A market is considered to be in a state of equilibrium when there is an absence of significant growth or a lack of innovation. Supply = demand

crucial

extremely important or necessary: a crucial decision/question

dump a lot of data

to give a lot of data. dump = to put in a careless way

maze

a complicated set of rules, ideas, or subjects that you find difficult to deal with or understand: It's almost impossible to get through the maze of bureaucracy

dial

the part of a machine or device that shows you a measurement of something such as speed or time. dial someone/something direct Can I dial this number direct, or do I have to go through the operator?

put an emphasis on efficiency

położyć nacisk na efektywność

irritable

becoming annoyed very easily: Be careful what you say - he's rather irritable today

festered

If an argument or bad feeling festers, it continues so that feelings of hate or lack of satisfaction increase: It's better to express your anger than let it fester inside you

anger

strong feeling that makes you want to hurt someone or be unpleasant because of something unfair or unkind that has happened: I think he feels a lot of anger towards his father, who treated him very badly as a child

fade/fade away

to (cause to) lose colour, brightness, or strength gradually: If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will fade/to slowly disappear, lose importance, or become weaker:

invariably

always: The train is invariably late

cause offence

obrazić kogoś

deceive

to persuade someone that something false is the truth, or to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage: The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones. oszukiwać

pitching

to try to persuade someone to do something: pitch something to someone She pitched her idea to me over a business lunch. pitch for They are pitching for business at the moment

tough

of a person, able to deal with difficult situations and not be easily defeated, frightened or upset: You have to be tough to be successful in politics

curriculum

the subjects studied in a school, college, etc. and what each subject includes

briefing paper

A briefing paper is a summary of facts pertaining to an issue and often includes a suggested course of action

capability

the ability to do something: These tests are beyond the capability of an average twelve-year-old.

stream of consciousness

a style in literature that is used to represent a character's feelings and thoughts as they experience them, using long, continuous pieces of text without obvious organization or structure

accommodation

a place to stay or live / an agreement between two groups who have different opinions on a subject, or the process of reaching an agreement like this

encourage

to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely to happen

convince

to persuade someone or make someone certain:

attache

a person who works in an embassy and has a particular area of responsibility in which they have special knowledge: a naval/military/press/cultural attaché

gambling

the activity of betting money, for example in a game or on a horse race: Gambling can be an addictive habit.

odds

the probability (= how likely it is) that a particular thing will or will not happen

risk assessment

the process of examining the risks involved in a planned activity

establishment

a business or other organization, or the place where an organization operates:/ the process of starting or creating something, for example, an organization:

ambiguity

(an example of) the fact of something having more than one possible meaning and therefore possibly causing confusion:

hyphen

the symbol -, used to join two words together

volatile

likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly, especially by getting worse: Food and fuel prices are very volatile in a war situation.

grapevine

winorośl / plotki

wavelength

the distance between two waves of energy, or the length of the radio wave used by a particular radio station for broadcasting programmes

thorough

detailed and careful: a thorough revision of the manuscript

fragrance

a sweet or pleasant smell: the delicate fragrance of roses

sophisticated

having a good understanding of the way people behave and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion: She was slim, svelte, and sophisticated. I don't think I have any books that would suit your sophisticated tastes.

cedar

a tall, wide evergreen tree (= one that never loses its leaves)

appeal

a request to the public for money, information, or help: They're launching (= starting) an appeal to raise money for famine victims. [+ to infinitive ] The police have issued an appeal to the public to stay away from the area over the weekend.

alluring

attractive or exciting: I didn't find the prospect of a house with no electricity very alluring. She was wearing a most alluring dress at Sam's dinner party.

sensual

expressing or suggesting physical, especially sexual, pleasure or satisfaction: sensual pleasure a sensual mouth/voice

quotation

a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a longer work of literature, poetry, etc. or what someone else has said: At the beginning of the book there's a quotation from Abraham Lincoln.

hinder

to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something: hinder someone in something High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze.

biases

the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment: The senator has accused the media of bias. Reporters must be impartial and not show political bias.

mutual

feeling the same emotion, or doing the same thing to or for each other: Theirs was a partnership based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.

pros and cons

the advantages and disadvantages of something, especially something that you are considering doing:

approachable

friendly and easy to talk to: Graham's always very approachable - why don't you talk the problem over with him?

overwhelmed

to defeat someone or something by using a lot of force: Government troops have overwhelmed the rebels and seized control of the capital. The boxer relied on his power, pace, and pressure to overwhelm opponents.

utilize

to use something in an effective way: The vitamins come in a form that is easily utilized by the body.

vital

necessary for the success or continued existence of something; extremely important: A strong opposition is vital to a healthy democracy.

reinforce

to make something stronger: The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching.

squabbles

an argument over something that is not important: Polly and Susie were having a squabble about who was going to hold the dog's lead.

silo/silos

a large, round tower on a farm for storing grain or winter food for cattle: The red barn is flanked by grain silos.

"us vs them" culture

"us vs them" culture

lateral

relating to the sides of an object or plant or to sideways movement: lateral movement Trim the lateral shoots of the flower (= the ones that grow sideways from the main stem of a plant).

admit

to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly: He admitted his guilt/mistake

unintentionally

in a way that is not intentional: I was either intentionally or unintentionally excluded from a lot of the decisions that were made. The newspaper printed information that was unintentionally misleading.

attribution

the act of saying or thinking that something is the result or work of a particular person or thing: The usual attribution of the work to Leonardo is now disputed by several experts.

tarnish

to make or (especially of metal) become less bright or a different colour

attitude

a feeling or opinion about something or someone, or a way of behaving that is caused by this: It's often very difficult to change people's attitudes.

rapport

a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well with them: We'd worked together for years and developed a close/good rapport. She has an excellent rapport with her staff.

distinguish

to notice or understand the difference between two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another

ensure

to make something certain to happen: The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.

itinerary

a detailed plan or route of a journey: The tour operator will arrange transport and plan your itinerary.

elaborate

containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts: You want a plain blouse to go with that skirt - nothing too elaborate. They're making the most elaborate preparations for the wedding.

solve

to find an answer to a problem:

executive toy

containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts: You want a plain blouse to go with that skirt - nothing too elaborate

state-of-the-art

very modern and using the most recent ideas and methods: a state-of-the-art computer The control panel uses all the newest technology and is considered state-of-the-art.

insufficient

not enough: insufficient information/time

conduct

to organize and perform a particular activity: We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service.

severity

seriousness: Even the doctors were shocked by the severity of his injuries.

abruptness

the quality of being sudden, unexpected, and sometimes unpleasant: With dramatic abruptness, a decision was taken to close the school for good.

preach the gospel

Głosić ewangelię

emerge best out

to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something: emerge from She emerged from the sea, blue with cold / to make someone's best qualities more noticeable: A crisis can bring out the best in people.

rebound

If an action rebounds on you, it does not have the effect you hoped for but has an unpleasant effect on you instead:

resurgence

a new increase of activity or interest in a particular subject or idea that had been forgotten for some time:

inabated

without becoming weaker in strength or force: The fighting continued unabated throughout the night.