Module 1 - lecture + literature

information system

a set of interrelated components that collect process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organisation

Information Technology types (5)

Accounting; Finance; Marketing; HR; Operations

IT and systems - Issues

Property rights and obligations; System Quality; Quality of life; Accountability and Control; Information Rights and Obligations

5 changes in Management Information Systems

IT innovations; New Business Models; E-commerce expansion; Management Changes (going mobile); Changes in Firms (less emphasis on hierarchy)

digital firm

all of the organisations relationship with customers, suppliers and employees are digitally enabled and mediated; Core business processes through digital networks

business processes

set of logically related tasks and behaviours that organisations develop over time to produce specific business results

key corporate assets

intellectual property, come competencies, financial and human assets

Strategic Business Objectives of Information Systems

Operational Excellence, New products, services and business models; Customer and supplier intimacy; Improved decision making; competitive edge; survival

information

data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful

data

streams of raw facts

management information systems (MIS)

deals with behavioural issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use and impact of information systems

IS in Organisations

Senior management -> middle management -> operational management -> knowledge workers -> data workers -> production workers; unique culture; major business functions: sales marketing, manufacturing, finance, accounting, HR

IS in management

substantial part of management responsibility is creative work driven by new knowledge & information

IS in technology

computer hardware - physical equipment used for input, processing and output activities in IS; data management technology - software governing the organization of data on physical storage media; network - links 2 or more computers

complementary assets

assets required to derive value from a primary investment

MIS - technical approaches

computer science, operations research, management science

MIS - behavioural approaches

sociology, economics, psychology

technology trends that raise ethical issues

computing power doubles every 18 months; data storage costs rapidly decline; data analysis advances; networking advances; mobile device growth impact

Non-obvious relationship awareness (NORA)

powerful tool for governments and the private sector; it can take info about people from many sources such as phone records, employment applications to help track criminals

Ethical Analysis - steps

1. Identify and describe the facts clearly - who? what? when?; 2. Define the conflict or dilemma and identity the higher-order values involved; 3. Identify stakeholders; 4. Identify options that you can take; 5. Identify the potential consequences

Candidate Ethical Principles

Golden Rule, Categorical imperative, Slippery Slope, utilitarian principle, risk aversion, ethical no-free-lunch rule

Golden Rule

put yourself in sb's shoes

Categorical Imperative

"if everyone did this, would society survive?"

Slippery Slope

efekt motyla

Utilitarian principle

take the action that achieves highest value

risk aversion

choose action that produces the least harm

ethical no-free-lunch rule

you should compensate for sb's work

tracking systems (3 types)

cookies (it can track the user's previous actions on the same website; web beacons - tracking files; spyware

Property Rights (4 types)

Copyright; Patents; Trademarks; Trade Secrets

copyright

protects creators of intellectual property from having their work copied for any purpose during the life of the author + 70 years after death

patents

grants the owner exclusive monopoly on the ideas behind an invention for 20 years

trademark

marks and symbols used to distinguish products in the marketplace

information system from organisational perspective

intersection of organisations, technology, and management; not just hardware and software but also data, processes, and people

Big Tech

companies that transcend national borders and national governance

Globalization challenges and opportunities

A Flattened World & Digital Firm

A Flattened World

reduction of economic and cultural advantages of developed countries; reduction of costs of operating and transacting on a global scale

IS structure

-input (collects raw data from the org or from external environment), -processing (converts raw data into meaningful form), -output (transfers info to people who will use it), -feedback (output returned to appropriate people to evaluate/correct input)

senior management

long-term strategic decisions about products and services, and ensures financial performance

middle management

carries out programs and plans of senior management

operational management

monitoring daily activities of the business

intranet

connects two or more computers to share data or resources (e.g. printer)

extranet

private intranet extended to authorized users outside the organization

information processing activities

data collection, transformation, dissemination and storage into business systems

management activities

planning, coordinating, controlling, modelling, decision making

responsibility

accepting potential costs, duties, and obligations for the decisions you make

accountability

feature of systems that says that mechanism are in place to determine who took action and who is reponsible

liability

body of laws in place that permits individuals to recover the damages done to them by actors, systems or organizations

due process

process in which laws are known and understood, and ability exists to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly

Fair Information Practices

set of principles governing the collection and use of information about individuals (worldwide)

informed consent

consent given with knowledge of all the facts needed to make a rational decision

safe harbour

self-regulating policy and enforcement mechanism for u.s. firms in the EU

GDPR

applies to all companies operating in any EU conutry, requires unambiguous consent to use personal data for purposes other than those for which it was collected

opt-out model of informed consent

collect personal information until the user cancels

opt-in model of informed consent

do not collect personal information unless approved by the user