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Direct Object

Phrase that complements a transitive verb is said to function as its direct object

Indirect Object

A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that occurs in addition to a direct object after some verbs and indicates the person or thingthat receiveswhat is being given or done

Subject Predicative

Characterise the subjects of their sentences and do not mention distinct individuals

Object Predicative

The predicative characterises the direct object

Adjunct

It's a kind of adverbial that it can realize PP, then adverbial phrases and noun phrases. They express a wide range of ideas. On the tree diagramyhey are sisters of the whole phrases

Disjunct

It's a kind of adverbial which express the speaker attitude towards what she or he says. It can be realized by adverbial phrases or prepositional phrases. On the tree diagram it is a sister of the whole sentence

Conjunct

It's a kind of adverbial that indicates what kind of relation holds between the sentence and its linguistic context. It is realized by AdvP and PP. On the tree diagram they are sisters of the whole sentence

Gradable Adjectives

Accept the -er/-est inflection or modification by degree adverbs

Non-Gradable Adjectives

Do not accept the -er/-est inflection

Adverbs

Main function is to modify adjectives

Degree Adverbs

Words having the same function as rather and extremely. They can't themselves be modified - there is no direction between a degree adverb and a degree adv phrase

General Adverbs

Formed from adjectives by the addidtion -ly. They specify a wider range of concepts than DEGREE ADV, GENERAL ADV can themselves be modified by degree adverbs

Verbs

They are sub-categorized according to what other elements must appear with them in VP, in other words, they are sub-categorised in terms of their complementation types

Elipsis

The omission from sentences of required elements capable of being understood in the context of their use