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an amount of money paid to someone according to the value of goods, shares, bounds, etc. they have sold

commission

an official organization ensures that the law is obeyed in a particular activity

commission

a product that can be sold to make a profit, especially one in its basic form before it has been used or changed in the industrial process. examples of commodities are farm products and metals

commodity

an amount paid to someone because they have been harmed or hurt

compensation

the total amount of paid and all the over advantages, such as the stock options, that are offered to a company’s important managers

compensation package

used to describe situations or behavior in which businesses are trying very hard to be more successful than others, for example by selling their goods or services more cheaply than others

competitive

if a process is competitive, people have to compete with each other and those who do best will be successful

competitive

an advantage that makes a company more able to succeed in competing with others

competitive advantage

-a large business organization consisting of several different companies that have joined together

conglomerate

consensual agreements, plans or actions are ones in which all the people involved agree with what is being done

consensual

agreement among a group of people

consensus

a person who buys good, products and services for their own use, not for business use or to resell

consumer

goods bought by people for their own use, rather than by businesses and organizations

consumer goods

a formal written agreement between two or more people or groups which says what each must do for the others, or must not do

contract

if someone has control of a company, they own more than half its shares, or enough shares to be able to decide how the company is managed

control

an action taken to make sure that something does not increase too much

control

to own more than half the shares of a company, or enough shares to decide how the company should be managed

control

a bond that can be repaid by a company in the form of shares in the company

convertible bond

relating to a company, usually a large one, or business in general

corporate

c1. an arrangement with a bank for a loan, or bank leading in general

credit

an arrangement with a shop, supplier, etc. to buy something now and pay for it later

credit

when borrowing money becomes difficult banks are forced to reduce the amount they land

credit crunch

a person or business to whom another person or business owes money

creditor

a bad effect on sth that makes it weaker or less successful

damage

. to cause physical harm to sth

damage

To have a bad effect on sth in a way that makes it weaker or less successful

damage

– money that a court orders someone to pay to someone else for harming them or their property, or causing them financial loss

damages

a date or time by which you have to do or to complete sth

deadline

the state of owing money

debt

money that one person, organization, country etc. owes to another

debt

capital borrowed by a business or government organization on which it pays interest

debt

a person, organization or country that owes money

debtor

to make someone believe sth that is not true in order to get what you want

deceive

if sales, profits, production, etc. decline, they become less

decline

when sales, profits, production, etc. become less

decline

to fail to pay money that you owe at the right time

default

the act or process of bringing goods, letters, etc. to a particular place or person

delivery

The total amount of a type of goods or services that people or companies buy in a particular period of time

demand

– to remove or reduce the number of government controls on a particular business activity, done to make companies work more effectively and to increase competition

deregulate

to give work, responsibility or power to someone at a lower or more local level

devolve

The total amount of a type of goods or services that people or companies would buy if they were available

demand

when a company differentiates its products, it shows how they are different from each other and from competing products, for example in its advertising. This is done to show buyers the advantages of one product over another.

differentiate

care that someone in a position of responsibility takes with their work

diligence

a reduction in the cost of goods or services in relation to the normal cost

discount

the actions involved in making goods available to customers after they have been produced, for example moving, storing and selling the goods

distribution

a person or business responsible for making goods available to customers after they have been produced, either one that sells directly to the public or one that sells to shop, etc.

distributor

If a company or economy diversifies, it increases the range of goods or services it produces

diversity

To start to put your money into different types of investments in addition to the investments you already have, diversification

diversity

if a company divests assets, it sells them, for example because it needs cash for another activity or to repay debts

divest

a payment of a part of a company’s profits to its shareholders

dividend

A part of the profits of a company for a particular period of time that is paid to shareholders for each share that they own

dividend

the country you live in or where a company is based, seen as a place where goods or services can be sold

domestic market

the part of the economic cycle when prices of the value of stocks, shares, etc. fall

downturn

a document or piece of writing that has to be checked and possibly changed, and so is not yet in its finished form

draft

to be paid money for the work you do

earn

the profit that a company makes in a particular period of time, or the total profits that companies make in a particular industry or economy in a particular period of times

earnings

if a person, company or country has an edge over others, they are more successful, profitable, etc. because they have an advantage that the others do not have

edge

Countries, especially those in Asia, Africa and South America that are just starting to have influence or power in trade, finance, etc.

emerging

to give a person or an organization the power of the legal right to do sth

empower

In an early state of development

emerging

to give a person or an organization the power of the legal right to do sth

empower

when workers in a company are given more responsibility by being allowed to organise their own work, make decisions without asking their managers, etc.

empowerment

someone who starts a company, arranges business deals and takes risks in order to make a profit; entrepreneurial

entrepreneur

the capital that a company has from shares rather than from loans

equity

when a company or organization owns shares in a company

equity stake

to go beyond an official an official or legal limit

exceed

the activity of buying and selling currencies

exchange

the price at which one currency can be bought with another

exchange rate

to become larger in size, amount or number, or to make sth larger in size, amount or number

expand

. If an economy, industry or business activity expands, it gets bigger or more successful

expand

when an industry or company becomes bigger or more successful

expansion

a system in which two countries which are trading partners agree not to charge import taxes on particular goods they buy from each other

fair trade

if arrangements for work are flexible, employers can ask workers to do different jobs, work part-time rather than full-time, give them contracts for short periods of time, etc. flexible working also includes flexitime, job-sharing and teleworking.

flexible

an additional advantage or service given with a job besides wages. pensions, company cars and loans at low rates of interest are examples of fringe benefits

fringe benefit

if prices, income, rates, etc. fluctuate, they change, increasing or falling often or regularly.

fluctuate

money that a person or organization has available

fund

a company whose activity is putting money from investors into a particular type of investment or a range of investments, or an amount of money invested in this way

fund

the activity of obtaining money for investment

fundraising

the idea that companies should think globally, but use methods in each particular place that are suited to it

glocalisation

the tendency for the world economy to work as one unit, led by large international companies doing business all over the world.

globalisation

a payment made to senior members of a business as a reward for hard work

goodwill payment

an increase in size, amount or degree

growth

to find a manager with the right skills and experience to do a particular job, often by persuading a suitable person to leave their present job; headhunter, headhunting

headhunt

the head office or main building of an organisation

headquarters

to agree to give someone a permanent job

hire

to employ a person or an organisation for a short time to do a particular job for you

hire

an arrangement by which someone borrows sth for a period of time in exchange for money

hire

a quantity of shares held in a company by a particular shareholder

holding

services such as food and drink that an organisation provides for quests at a special event

hospitality

hostile bid or takeover is one in which a company tries to buy another company whose shareholders do not want to sell

hostile

sth which is used to encourage people to do sth, especially to make them work harder, produce more or spend more money

incentive

money that a company makes from its activities, after taking away some costs. companies calculate their income in different ways according to the accounting system they use and the type of business they are in

income

. money that you earn from your job or that you receive from investments

income

regular amounts of money coming into a company or organisation from a particular activity or source, especially over a long period of time

income stream

one of a series of regular payments that are made until all of an agreed amount has been paid

instalment

. an amount paid by a borrower to a lender, for example to a bank by someone borrowing money for a loan or by a bank to a depositor

interest

shares that you own in a company, or a part of a company that a person or organisation owns

interest

the percentage rate used for calculating interest over a particular period of time, usually one year

interest rate

to buy shares, bonds, property, etc. in order to make a profit

invest

to spend money on things that will make a business more successful and profitable

invest

when money is put into a business in order to make it more successful and profitable, or the money that is put into a business

investment

an amount of money that you invest

investment

a person or organisation that invests money in order to make a profit

investor

to risk losing or harming sth

jeopardise

when people lose their jobs

job loss