Phrasals2

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powstrzymywać, się hamować, zataić, być nie chętnym do działania
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hold back
Simon held back because he wasn’t sure if it was the right thing to do
I mustn’t hold back secrets if there is something I ought to know. The joke was so funny that Jake couldn’t hold back his laughter
powstrzymać się, być pod kontrolą
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hold in
you shouldn’t hold in your anger, it will only make you feel worse
czekać/wytrzymywać/poczekaj (zwylke na telefonie)
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hold on
The secretary asked me to hold on until Mrs Harris was ready to take my call
wytrzymać, przetrzymać, nie ustępować
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hold out
demonstrators held out for three weeks before ending their protest outside the factory
I think our water supplies will hold out for another 4 days
wstrzymać, napadac, trwac
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hold up
our business is holding up quite well despite the economic crisis
we were held up in traffic, that’s why we arrived late
Trzymać z dala od
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Keep away from
trzymać się z tyłu / ukryć
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keep back
The jury thought that one of the witness was keeping some important information back
trzymać się z tyłu, grać drugie skrzypce, sprawić by ktoś pozostał jak inni wyjdą
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keep behind
powstrzymaćs się od, uniknąć
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keep from
nie podchodzić, trzymać się z dala, unikać (zwyczajow, jedzenia)
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keep off
when Jane had measles her mother kept her off school for two weeks
Kontynuować, kontynuowac pomimo trudnosci
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keep on
George keeps on watering the tree in the garden, but I’m sure it’s dead
i’ve had a few problems, but I’m going to keep on trying until I succeeded
trzymaj się z daleka (od kłopotów)
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keep out of
while we are away, please try to keep out of trouble
nadążać za, utrzymywać ten sam poziom, utrzymywać coś w dobrym stanie, nie dawać spać
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keep up
The noise from the party kept me up until the early hours of the morning
Katie is trying to keep her garden up at the same level
dotrzymywać kroku, tempa / być na bieżąco
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keep up with
don’t work so fast I can’t keep up with you
rozczarować, zawieść, przedłużyć ubranie
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let down
i’m counting on you, please don’t let me down
this skirt is too short, I let it down a bit
wypuszczać, nie ukarać / wystrzelić (fireworks)
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let off
The young man was let off because he had never been in trouble before
wyjawić tajemnicę (niechcący) / poszerzać ubranie
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let out
you’ve put on weight. I’ll have to let out the weight of your trousers for you
I didn’t mean to let the secret out it was an accident
opiekować się
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look after
patrzeć z góry
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look down on
he looks down on people who are less priviledged
szukać
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look for
nie móc się doczekać, oczekiwać (z radością)
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look forward to
zbadać coś, zająć się czymś
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look into
The police are looking into the burglary
być uważanym za, uznawanym za
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look on/upon
this school is looked upon as being one of the best in the area
uważaj na
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look out for
look out for the turning, I don’t want to miss it
przejrzeć, dokładnie przeczytać
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look over
look over the contract before you sign it
The doctor looked over the patient carefully before giving his diagnosis
rozglądać się (po jakims miejscu)
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look round
they looked around the village before setting off down the mountains
spojrzeć szybko, przejrzec dokladnie
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look through
look through the contract before you sign it
Julie looked through the book quickly in the shop before she bought it
sprawdzać (adres, kontakt) na liscie / odwiedzić kogoś kto mieszka dość daleko
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look up
I was in the area, so I thought I’d look you up. We haven’t seen each other for such a long time.
I looked up your telephone number in the telephone book
szanować
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look up to
all Arthur’s employees look up to him and respect him very much
przemieszczać się w kierunku
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make for
The shoplifter was making for the door when the security guard stopped him
uciekać/znikać
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make off
The man made off with cash from the teal, but was caught by the police a short time later
zrozumieć / widzieć wyraźnie / wypisać
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make out
i’ll make out the cheque to you, shall I?
what does this word say? I can’t make out the handwriting
odwdzięczyć się, wynagradzać czymś coś komuś
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make something up to somebody
please lend me your car this weekend. I’ll make it up to you later I promise
zmyslac historyjke, umalowac sie, zrekompensowac, formowac jako calosc
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make up
Clive made up an excuse for his being late. they had an argument yesterday, but I think they’ve made up now
two members of staff and eight parents make up the school committee
wynagrodzić
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make up for
they gave him a free meal to make up for the bed service he received
umierać
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pass away
udawać bycie kimś, czymś sukcesem
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pass off as
The jeweller tried to pass the ring off as solid gold, even though it wasn’t
przekazać dalej mlodszemu
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pass on
Most of her clothes are passed on from her older sister
mdleć
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pass out
Fred passes out at the sight of blood
Zemścić się, zwrócić pieniądze
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pay back
he borrowed the £20 from me, but he still hasn’t paid it back
Gordon vowed to pay Steve back for what he had done to him
zapłacić za coś co się zrobiło
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pay for
Alice said to Jane “you’ll pay for this one day”
rozbierać, burzyć (konstrukcję), opuszczać
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pull down
all the old buildings in this area are going to be pulled down
nadjechać, przyjechać, przypłynąć (pociag, statek)
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pull in
The train pulled in at the station and hundreds of people got off
wyzdrowieć, przeżyc, wylizac sie
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pull through
it was a serious operation, but the patient pulled through
zwolnic i zatrzymac sie
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pull up
The taxi pulled up outside my house. I paid the driver and got out.
wycofać się, odjechać
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pull out
odłożyć, zaoszczedzic
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put aside
Kelly is trying to put aside some money every week for her summer holidays
put by
wsadzić do więzienia do domu wariatów
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put away
The public code for the criminal to be put away for a long time
Spowodować opóźnienia, zahamować
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put back
The snowstorm caused the Teams expedition to be put back a few days
zanotowac, zaplacic depozyt za cos
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put down
he put down a deposit of £100 when he booked the holiday
put your ideas down on the paper and I’ll look at them later
przypisać coś czemuś innemu
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put down to
she put her tiredness down to the fact that she had been working very hard
Wstrzymać się odroczyć / zniechęcać kogoś do czegoś
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put off
we put off going on holiday because I was very busy at work
Walter’s parents tried to put him off becoming an artist
ubrać się / przybrać (postać na wadze) / włączyć / udawać / spowodować aby coś miało miejsce
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put on
The drama group are putting on their first performance next month. If you don’t stop eating sweets, you will put on weight. Put the television on if you are bored.
put on your gloves, it’s very cold outside. ignore James, he’s not really ill he is just putting it on.
zgasić (ogien) / powodowac niedogodnosci
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put out
I don’t want to put you out but could you babysit for me tonight please?
The fireman put the fire out very quickly
połączyć telefonicznie / sprawic by ktos cierpial lub się poddał
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put through
The young soldiers were put through strict training in the first few weeks
I put you through the correct department, madam.
oferować coś na sprzedaż / podnosić (ceny) / przenocować kogoś
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put up
i’ll put you up for the night if you can’t find a hotel
that shop has put up its prices again. his house was put up for sale after he lost his job
tolerować, cierpliwie znosic
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put up with
You’ll just have to put up with the noise until the repairs are finished, I’m afraid
spotkać kogoś, natknąć się na coś przez przypadek
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run across
you’ll never guess what I ran across at a car boot sale yesterday
zbiec, uciec
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run away
they run away from home when he was 17
ukraść coś i uciec z tym
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run away with
One of the employees run away with the money from the till
przewrócić się i zranić / przestać pracować, wyczerpać się / mówić źle o kimś
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run down
it isn’t nice to run people down all the time you ought to be more tolerant
be careful, crossing the road I don’t want you to get run down. / the Allen clock isn’t working. I think the batteries must have run down
spotkać kogoś niespodziewanie / doświadczyć trudności / wjechać, najechać na
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run into
The politician ran into greater position in his election campaign, but he still managed to win
I ran into an old teacher of mine last weekend at the supermarket / they ran into some difficulties when the Jeep got a flat tire why they were on Safari
skończyć się
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run out of
we’ve run out of milk again, I’ll go and buy some more
run down / przelewać się
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run over
The bath water ran over because Dean forgot to turn off the taps
be careful, closing the road I don’t want you to get run over
Powtarzać, praktykować
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run through
The actor ran through his lines once more on the night of the opening performance
pozwolić czemuś urosnąć (np. rachunek)
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run up
Henry ran up a huge telephone bill and then he couldn’t afford to pay it
zmierzyć się z problemem
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run up against
The politician ran up against great position in his selection campaign, but he still managed to win
zająć się czymś
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see about
The garage roof is leaking. I must see about getting it fixed
odprowadzać kogoś gdzieś samolotu, pociągu / upewnić się czy ktoś odjechał odszedł dalej
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see off
The farmer saw the boys of his land and told them not to come back
we saw Linda off at the airport and then went home
trwać do pewnego czasu
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see out
he’s going to see the rest of his contract out and then leave the company
przejrzeć kogoś, nie zostać oszukanym / wspierać kogoś w trudnościach
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see through
his parents saw him through the difficult year and gave him all the support they could
Lucy saw through the man’s tricks immediately
dopilnować
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see to
The babies crying again. Don’t worry, I see to him this time
odłożyć na bok, na specjalna okazje
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set aside
The chief set aside some strawberries to put on top of the cake
Nadciągać, nadciągnąć (o pogodzie)
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set in
once the cold weather sets in, we will be glad of the fire in the living room
wyruszać
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set off
Tom set off on his voyage, full of excitement
wyruszać/ zamierzac
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set out
by the end of the day, Jack had done everything he set out to do
Tom set out on his voyage, full of excitement / the group set out on the journey wondering what adventures lay ahead
zalozyc biznes
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set up
Amanda has recently set up her own accountancy business
wspierać kogoś w trudnych chwilach
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stand by
Ian’s wife stood by him when he lost his job two months ago
oznaczać
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stand for
The letters UN stand for United Nations
czasowo zastępować
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stand in for
I offered to stand in for Emily yesterday because she was ill
wyróżniać się
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stand out
Of all the essays that one stands out because it is very well written
wstawić kogoś, nie przyjść na spotkanie
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stand up
he stood me up last night, so I’m very angry with him
stanąć w obronie
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stand up for
you ought to stand up for yourself don’t let anyone in intimidate you
wpistawić się komuś
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stand up to
you ought to stand up to your boss I’m sure he will respect you for it
być podobnym, przypiminać kogoś
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take after
Michael takes after his mother, they both got brown hair and green eyes
na wynos / zabrac cos / usunac
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take away
if you’ve finished lunch, I’ll take your plate away
The teacher took away the boy’s football and put it in the cupboard
Cofać coś co się powiedziało
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take back
i’m sorry I take back everything I said about this restaurant, the meat was delicious
rozdzielić na części w celu naprawy lub odłożenia
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take down
When the camping trip was over, the girls took down their tent and put it away carefully
zwezyc ubranie
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take in
I bought this skirt but it’s too wide. Could you take it in a little bit please
startować / zaczac odnosic sukcesy / zdjac ubranie
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take off
I took off my jacket and hang it in the wardrobe. / the plane sped along the runway and took off.
Leslie‘s business is really taking off. she’d had lots of orders
wziąć wolne (na krotki czas)
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take time off
i’m taking some time off next month, I need a holiday
zatrudniac
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take on
The factory is thinking on more employees at the moment
wyciągnąć kogoś gdzieś
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take sb. out
my husband took me out for a meal last night to celebrate our anniversary
usunąć, wyciagnac
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take out
The dentist took out one of my teeth last month
przejąć kontrole
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take over
The company is being taken over by a vary large firm
lubić
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take to
Jenny hasn’t really taken to her new school, she’s not at all happy
rozpocząć Hobby, sport, pracę / wypełniać (czas, miejsce)
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take up
Work takes up most of my time these days
I have decided to take up aerobics because I want to get feet
podjąć się, zaakceptować oferte
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take up on
I took him up on his dinner invitation, and we went to a lovely restaurant
dac sie zaskoczyc, być zszokowanym
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be taken aback
Alex was taking aback when he heard the news
zostać oszukanym
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be taken in
no one was taking in by her clever lies
odwracać, odprawic, nie pozwolic wejsc
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turn away
The children were turned away from the cinema because there were no tickets left
podrzucić ofertę, odmówić / ściszyć
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turn down
could you turn the volume down please?
Anna was offered the job, but she turned it down
zglosic na policje
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turn sb. in
The old lady turned in the thief she had caught to the police
they turned in the burglar to the police when they caught him in their house
przemienić się, stac sie
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turn into
our neighbours have turned their garage into a study
wyłączyć
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turn off
if you are no longer watching TV, why don’t you turn it off?
włączyć
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turn on
I turned on the heater because the room was cold
produkowac / wyeksmitowac / okazać się / oproznic (kieszenie)
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turn out
it turned out to be the wrong road, so we had no idea where we were / the policeman asked him to turn out his pocket, so he could examine the contents
we turn out about 10,000 of these cars every month / the family were turned out of the flood by the landlord when they couldn’t pay the rent
przekrecic strone, zmienic kanal
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turn over
turn over the page and look at exercise ten
oddać kogoś komuś (np. gdzie ja policji)
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turn sb. over to sb.
The old lady turned over the thief she had caught the police.
zwrócić się do kogoś o pomoc
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turn to
i’ve got a problem and I don’t know who to turn to for help
pojawiać się, przybyc (niespodziewanie) / zwiekszyc glosnisc cisnienie
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turn up
Sam turned up on the doorstep at midnight in the pouring rain
I can’t hear the news please turn up the volume on the TV
wymęczyć kogoś stopniowo
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wear sb. down
The tennis player gradually wore down his opponent until he finally won the match
słabnąć, zmniejszac sie stopniowo (o uczuciach)
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wear off
The effects of the anaesthetic, the dentist gave me are gradually wearing off
zużyć coś całkowicie / wyczerpana siły
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wear out
The vacuum cleaner is worn out. We need to buy a new one.
i’m worn out, I’ve been working hard all day long
Działać na coś, mieć efekt na coś
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work on
that washing powder doesn’t work on grass stains you’ll have to use something stronger
Wypracować coś / rozwijać się pomyślnie
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work out
this arrangement has worked out very well for everyone
The class was silently trying to work out the solution to the maths problem
Zdobyć się na coś, rozwijać, zwiększać
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work up
he had to work up his carriage before asking for a pay rise

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