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gabble /ˈɡæbl/ [i, t] gabble (on/away) (informal) to talk quickly so that people cannot hear you clearly They were gabbling on about the past. She was nervous and started to gabble. He was gabbling nonsense. Plótł bzdury. ▶ trajkotać

gable /ˈɡeɪbl; US / noun [countable] the pointed part at the top of an outside wall of a house between two parts of the roof ▶ szczyt (dachu)

gadget /ˈɡædʒɪt; US / noun [countable] (informal) a small device, tool or machine that has a particular but usually unimportant purpose This car has all the latest gadgets. ▶ gadżet

Gaelic /ˈɡeɪlɪk; US ˈɡælɪk; US / noun [uncountable] the Celtic language and the culture of Ireland or Scotland ▶ język celtycki □ Gaelic adj. ▶ celtycki

gaffe /ɡæf; US / noun [countable] a mistake that a person makes in public or in a social situation, especially sth embarrassing a social gaffe He made some real gaffes early in his career. ▶ gafa  SYNONYM  faux pas

gag1 /ɡæɡ; US / noun [countable] 1 a piece of cloth, etc. that is put in or over sb’s mouth in order to stop them from talking ▶ knebel 2 a joke ▶ żart

gag2 /ɡæɡ; US / [t] (gagging; gagged) to put a gag in or over sb’s mouth The kidnappers kept the hostages bound and gagged in the cellar. • (figurative) The new laws are an attempt to gag the press (próbą nałożenia prasie kagańca). ▶ zakneblować

gain1 /ɡeɪn; US / verb ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[transitive] to gradually get more of sth to gain confidence The train was gaining speed. I’ve gained a lot of weight recently. Ostatnio przybrałem dużo na wadze. ▶ zyskiwać nabierać

Aby powiedzieć, że zegar śpieszy się o pięć minut, używa się też przymiotnika fast: My watch is five minutes fast.

3[intransitive] gain (sth) (by/from sth/doing sth) to get an advantage Many people will gain from the changes in the law. I’ve got nothing to gain (nic nie skorzystam) by staying in this job. ▶ odnosić korzyść

gain2 /ɡeɪn; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] an increase in money; (a) profit or advantage We hope to make a gain when we sell our house. He will do anything for personal gain, even if it means treating people badly. ▶ zysk korzyść

gait /ɡeɪt; US / noun [sing.] the way that sb/sth walks ▶ chód

gala /ˈɡɑ: lə; US ˈɡeɪlə / noun [countable] a special social occasion or sports event a gala performance at the National Theatre a swimming gala ▶ gala uroczystość

galaxy /ˈɡæləksi; US / noun 1 [countable] (pl. galaxies) a large group of stars and planets in space ▶ galaktyka

gale /ɡeɪl; US / noun [countable] a very strong wind Several trees blew down in the gale. It’s blowing a gale outside. ▶ huragan wicher

gall bladder /ˈɡɔ: l blædə(r); US / noun [countable] an organ that is attached to the liver that stores and releases bile. ▶ pęcherzyk żółciowy

gallery /ˈɡæləri; US / noun [countable] (pl. galleries) 1 a building or room where works of art are shown to the public an art gallery ▶ galeria (sztuki)

galley /ˈɡæli; US / noun [countable] 1 a long flat ship with sails, especially one used by the ancient Greeks or Romans in war ▶ galera 2 the kitchen on a ship or plane ▶ kambuz kuchnia w samolocie

galling /ˈɡɔ: lɪŋ; US / adj. [not usually before a noun] (used about a situation or fact) making you angry because it is unfair It was galling to have to apologize to a man she hated. ▶ napełniający złością i goryczą

gallon /ˈɡælən; US / noun [countable] (abbr. gal.) a measure of liquid; 4.5 litres (3.8 litres in the US) ▶ galon

gallop /ˈɡæləp; US / verb [intransitive] (used about a horse or a rider) to go at the fastest speed ▶ galopować ⇨ look at canter, trot □ gallop noun [sing.] They went for a gallop over the fields. ▶ galop

gallows /ˈɡæləʊz; US / noun [countable] (pl. gallows) a structure on which people, for example criminals, are killed by hanging ▶ szubienica

gallstone /ˈɡɔ: lstəʊn; US / noun [countable] a hard painful mass that can form in the gall bladder ▶ kamień żółciowy

galvanize (also galvanise) /ˈɡælvənaɪz; US / verb [t] 1galvanize sb (into sth/into doing sth) to make sb take action by shocking them or by making them excited The urgency of his voice galvanized them into action. ▶ pobudzić kogoś (do czegoś)

gamble1 /ˈɡæmbl; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] gamble (sth) (on sth) to bet money on the result of a card game, horse race, etc. to gamble on horses She gambled all her money on the last race. ▶ uprawiać hazard stawiać na coś

gamble2 /ˈɡæmbl; US / noun [c] something you do that is a risk Setting up this business was a bit of a gamble. I wouldn’t like to take a gamble on this plan working. Nie chciałbym podejmować ryzyka sprawdzenia, czy ten plan zadziała. ▶ ryzyko

/ɡeɪm/ noun 1[c] a game (of sth) a form of play ; a time when you play it Let’s have a game of chess. Zagrajmy partię a game of football/rugby/tennis Tonight’s game is between Holland and Italy. The game ended in a draw. ▶ sport gra

4[countable] how well sb plays a sport My new racket has really improved my game. ▶ styl/sposób gry gra 5[countable] an activity that you do to have fun Some children were playing a game of hide-and-seek. ▶ zabawa

gamekeeper /ˈɡeɪmki: pə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who is responsible for private land where people hunt animals and birds ▶ leśniczy gajowy

ˈgame show noun [countable] a television programme in which people play games or answer questions to win prizes ▶ teleturniej

gammon /ˈɡæmən; US / noun [uncountable] (Brit.) meat from the back leg or side of a pig that has been cured, usually served in thick slices gammon steaks ▶ szynka

gander /ˈɡændə(r); US / noun [countable] a male goose ▶ gąsior

gang1 /ɡæŋ; US / noun [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] 1 an organized group of criminals The police are looking for the gang that committed the robbery. ▶ gang szajka

gangrene /ˈɡæŋɡri: n; US / noun [uncountable] the death of a part of the body because the blood supply to it has been stopped as a result of disease or injury Gangrene set in and he had to have his leg amputated. ▶ zgorzel gangrena

gangster /ˈɡæŋstə(r); US / noun [countable] a member of a group of criminals ▶ bandyta gangster

gangway /ˈɡæŋweɪ; US / noun [countable] 1 (Brit.) a passage between rows of seats in a cinema, an aircraft, etc. ▶ przejście 2 a bridge that people use for getting on or off a ship ▶ trap schodnia

gap /ɡæp; US / noun [countable] 1a gap (in/between sth) an empty space in sth or between two things The sheep got out through a gap in the fence. ▶ dziura otwór

3 a difference between people or their ideas The gap between the rich and the poor is getting wider. ▶ przepaść (dzieląca poglądy itp.)

gape /ɡeɪp; US / verb [intransitive] 1gape (at sb/sth) to look at sb/sth for a long time with your mouth open because you are surprised, shocked, etc. We gaped in astonishment when we saw what Amy was wearing. ▶ gapić się

garage /ˈɡærɑ:ʒ; -rɪdʒ; US ɡəˈrɑ:ʒ; -ˈrɑ: dʒ / noun [countable] 1 a small building where a car, etc. is kept The house has a double garage. ▶ garaż a

ˈgarage sale noun [countable] a sale of used clothes, furniture, etc., held in the garage of sb’s house ▶ wyprzedaż rzeczy używanych we własnym garażu

garden1 /ˈɡɑ: dn; US / noun [c] 1(US yard) a piece of land next to a house where flowers and vegetables can be grown, usually with a lawn Let’s have lunch in the garden. the back/front garden garden flowers garden chairs ▶ ogród

garden2 /ˈɡɑ: dn; US / verb [intransitive] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW to work in a garden She’s been gardening all afternoon. ▶ uprawiać ogród

ˈgarden centre noun [countable] a place where plants, seeds, garden equipment, etc. are sold ▶ centrum ogrodnicze

gardener /ˈɡɑ: dnə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who works in a garden as a job or for pleasure They’re keen gardeners. ▶ ogrodni-k/czka

gardening /ˈɡɑ: dnɪŋ; US / noun [uncountable] looking after a garden I’m going to do some gardening this afternoon. gardening tools/gloves narzędzia/rękawice ogrodnicze ▶ ogrodnictwo

ˈgarden party noun [countable] a formal social event that takes place outside usually in a large garden in summer ▶ przyjęcie towarzyskie pod gołym niebem

gargle /ˈɡɑ:ɡl; US / verb [intransitive] to wash your throat with a liquid (which you do not swallow) ▶ płukać gardło

gargoyle /ˈɡɑ:ɡɔɪl; US / noun [countable] an ugly figure of a person or an animal that is made of stone and through which water is carried away from the roof of a building, especially a church ▶ rzygacz gargulec maszkaron

garlic /ˈɡɑ: lɪk; US / noun [uncountable] a plant with a strong taste and smell that looks like a small onion and is used in cooking a clove of garlic ząbek czosnku ▶ czosnek

garnish /ˈɡɑ: nɪʃ; US / verb [transitive] to decorate a dish of food with a small amount of another food Garnish the soup with a little parsley before serving. ▶ dekorować (potrawę) garnirować

garrison /ˈɡærɪsn; US / noun [countable] a group of soldiers who are living in and guarding a town or building ▶ garnizon

gas1 /ɡæs; US / noun (pl. gases, US also gasses) ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[countable, uncountable] a substance like air that is not a solid or a liquid Hydrogen and oxygen are gases. ▶ gaz

gas2 /ɡæs; US / verb [transitive] (gassing; gassed) to poison or kill sb with gas ▶ zagazowywać

ˈgas chamber noun [countable] a room that can be filled with poisonous gas in order to kill animals or people ▶ komora gazowa

gash /ɡæʃ; US / noun [countable] a long deep cut or wound He had a nasty gash in his arm. ▶ głębokie cięcie głęboka rana □ gash verb [transitive] I gashed my hand on a tin can. ▶ głęboko rozcinać rozpłatywać (np. materiał, ciało)

ˈgas mask noun [countable] an piece of equipment that is worn over the face to protect against poisonous gas ▶ maska przeciwgazowa

ˈgas meter noun [countable] an instrument that measures the amount of gas that you use in your home ▶ licznik gazowy

gasp /ɡɑ: sp; US ɡæ- / verb 1 [intransitive] gasp (at sth) to take a sudden loud breath with your mouth open, usually because you are surprised or in pain She gasped in surprise at the news. ▶ wstrzymać oddech (ze zdumienia) głośno oddychać (z bólu)

□ gasp noun [countable] to give a gasp of pain/horror Suddenly she gave a gasp of surprise (dech jej zaparło ze zdumienia). ▶ sapnięcie (ze zdziwienia, bólu)

gastric /ˈɡæstrɪk; US / adj. [only before a noun] (technical) connected with the stomach gastric juices a gastric ulcer wrzód żołądka ▶ żołądkowy gastryczny

gastronomic /ˌɡæstrəˈnɒmɪk; US / adj. [only before a noun] connected with good food ▶ gastronomiczny

gasworks /ˈɡæswɜ: ks; US / noun [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] (pl. gasworks) a factory where gas for lighting and heating is made from coal ▶ gazownia

gate /ɡeɪt; US / noun [countable] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 the part of a fence, wall, etc. like a door that can be opened to let people or vehicles through Please keep the garden gate closed. ▶ brama furtka

gateway /ˈɡeɪtweɪ; US / noun [countable] 1= gate (2) 2[sing.] the gateway to sth the place which you must go through in order to get to somewhere else

gather /ˈɡæðə(r)/ verb 1 [i, t] gather (round) (sb/sth); gather sb/sth (round) (sb/sth) (used about people) to come or be brought together in a group A crowd soon gathered at the scene of the accident.

2[t] gather sth (together/up) to bring many things together He gathered up all his papers and put them away. They have gathered together a lot of information. I need some time to gather my thoughts before I can give you an answer. ▶ zbierać

4[transitive] to understand or find out sth (from sb/sth) I gather from your letter that you have several years’ experience of this kind of work. ‘ She’s been very ill recently.’ ‘ So I gather.’ ▶ wnioskować rozumieć (z czegoś, że)

gathering /ˈɡæðərɪŋ; US / noun [countable] a time when people come together; a meeting a social/family gathering ▶ zgromadzenie zebranie

gauge1 (US also gage) /ɡeɪdʒ; US / noun [countable] 1 an instrument for measuring the amount of sth a fuel/temperature/pressure gauge ▶ wskaźnik przyrząd pomiarowy

3a gauge (of sth) a fact that you can use to judge a situation, sb’s feelings, etc. The way my boss walks in in the morning is usually a good gauge of what mood he’s in. ▶ miernik wyznacznik kryterium

gauge2 /ɡeɪdʒ / verb [transitive] 1 to make a judgement or to calculate sth by guessing It was difficult to gauge the mood of the audience. ▶ oceniać oszacowywać 2 to measure sth accurately using a special instrument ▶ mierzyć dokonywać pomiaru

gaunt /ɡɔ: nt; US / adj. (used about a person) very thin because of illness, not having enough food, or worry ▶ wychudzony wycieńczony

gauze /ɡɔ: z; US / noun [uncountable] a thin material like a net, that is used for covering an area of skin that you have hurt or cut ▶ gaza

gaze /ɡeɪz; US / verb [intransitive] to look steadily for a long time She sat at the window gazing dreamily into space. ▶ przypatrywać się przyglądać się □ gaze noun [sing.] She kept her gaze fixed on me. ▶ nieruchomy wzrok

GDP /ˌdʒi: di: ˈpi:; US / abbr. gross domestic product; the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in one year ▶ produkt krajowy brutto

A car can be in or out of gear. You use a low gear (first gear) when you first start moving and then change gear as you go faster. For the fastest speeds you use top gear.

/ɡɪə(r)/ noun 1 [c] the machinery in a vehicle that turns engine power into a movement forwards or backwards Most cars have four or five forward gears and a reverse (cztery lub pięć biegów do jazdy do przodu i jeden bieg wsteczny). ▶ przekładnia

gearbox /ˈɡɪəbɒks; US / noun [countable] the metal case that contains the gears of a car, etc. ▶ skrzynia biegów

ˈgear lever (US ˈgear shift) noun [countable] a stick that is used for changing gear in a car, etc. ▶ dźwignia zmiany biegów

Geiger counter /ˈɡaɪɡə kaʊntə(r); US / noun [countable] a device for detecting and measuring radioactive substances ▶ licznik Geigera

gel /dʒel; US / noun [countable, uncountable] [in compounds] a thick substance that is between a liquid and a solid hair gel shower gel ▶ żel

gelatin /ˈdʒelətɪn; US / (also gelatine /ˈdʒeləti: n; US /) noun [uncountable] a clear substance that is made by boiling animal bones and is used in many products, especially in cooking to make liquid thick or firm ▶ żelatyna

gem /dʒem; US / noun [countable] 1 a rare and valuable stone that is used in jewellery ▶ kamień szlachetny klejnot 2 a person or thing that is especially good ▶ (przedmiot/osoba) skarb

gender /ˈdʒendə(r); US / noun [countable, uncountable] 1(formal) the fact of being male or female ▶ płeć  SYNONYM  sex

gene /dʒi: n; US / noun [countable] a unit of information inside a cell which controls what a living thing will be like. Genes are passed from parents to children. ▶ gen ⇨ look at genetics

/ˌdʒi:niˈælədʒi / (pl. -ies) 1[u] the study of family history, including the study of who the ancestors of a particular person were ▶ genealogia 2[c] a particular person’s line of ancestors; a diagram that shows this ▶ genealogia rodowód

[c] all of the genes that are available within breeding populations of a particular species of animal or plant The genetic variation of some plants from their parents results in expansion of the gene pool for a particular species. ▶ pula genów

/ˈdʒenrəl/ adj. 1 affecting most people, things Fridges were a luxury, but now they are in general use. a matter of general interest The general feeling is that the situation is improving. the general public (o ludziach) ogół ▶ ogólny powszechny

3 not limited to one subject, use or activity Children need a good general education. ▶ ogólny 4[in compounds] with responsibility for the whole of an organization The Secretary-General of the United Nations a general manager ▶ naczelny generalny

general2 /ˈdʒenrəl; US / noun [countable] (abbr. Gen.) an army officer in a very high position ▶ generał

ˌgeneral anaesˈthetic noun [countable, uncountable] a substance that is given to a patient in hospital before an operation so that they become unconscious and do not feel any pain ▶ środek znieczulający stosowany w znieczuleniu ogólnym

ˌgeneral eˈlection noun [countable] an election in which all the people of a country vote to choose a government ▶ wybory powszechne

generalization (also generalisation) /ˌdʒenrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; US -ləˈz- / noun 1 [uncountable] the act of generalizing ▶ uogólnianie generalizowanie

generalize (also generalise) /ˈdʒenrəlaɪz/ verb [i] generalize (about sth) to form an opinion or make a statement using only a small amount of information instead of looking at the details You can’t generalize about English food from only two meals.

ˌgeneral ˈknowledge noun [uncountable] knowledge of facts about a lot of different subjects a general knowledge quiz ▶ wiedza ogólna

generally /ˈdʒenrəli; US / adv. 1 by or to most people He is generally considered to be a good doctor. ▶ ogólnie generalnie 2 usually She generally cycles to work. ▶ zwykle

ˌgeneral ˈstore noun [countable] (Brit. also ˌgeneral ˈstores [pl.]) a shop that sells a wide variety of goods, especially one in a small town or village She runs the post office and general store. ▶ sklep wielobranżowy

generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt; US / verb [transitive] 1 to produce power, heat, electricity, etc. to generate heat/power/electricity ▶ wytwarzać generować

/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ noun 1 [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] all the people in a family, group or country who were born at about the same time We should look after the planet for future generations. This photograph shows three generations of my family.

2[countable] the average time that children take to grow up and have children of their own, usually considered to be about 25-30 years A generation ago foreign travel was still only possible for a few people. ▶ pokolenie generacja

the ˌgeneˈration gap noun [sing.] the difference in behaviour, and the lack of understanding, between young people and older people ▶ konflikt pokoleń

generator /ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] a machine that produces electricity ▶ prądnica generator

generic /dʒəˈnerɪk; US / adj. 1 shared by, including or typical of a whole group of things ‘ Vine fruit’ is the generic term for currants and raisins. ▶ ogólny

generosity /ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti; US / noun [uncountable] the quality of being generous ▶ hojność szczodrość wspaniałomyślność wielkoduszność

generous /ˈdʒenərəs; US / adj. 1 happy to give more money, help, etc. than is usual or expected It was very generous of your parents to lend us all that money. ▶ hojny szczodry