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hereditary /həˈredɪtri; US -teri / adj. passed on from parent to child a hereditary disease Do you think intelligence is hereditary? ▶ dziedziczny

heresy /ˈherəsi; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (pl. heresies) a (religious) opinion or belief that is different from what is generally accepted to be true

heretic /ˈherətɪk; US / noun [countable] a person whose religious beliefs are believed to be wrong or evil ▶ herety-k/czka □ heretical /həˈretɪkl; US / adj. ▶ heretycki

heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ; US / noun [countable, usually sing.] the customs, qualities and culture of a country that have existed for a long time and that have great importance for the country

hermetic /hɜ:ˈmetɪk; US / adj. tightly closed so that no air can escape or enter ▶ hermetyczny  SYNONYM  airtight □ hermetically /-kli; US / adv. a hermetically sealed container ▶ hermetycznie

hermit /ˈhɜ: mɪt; US / noun [countable] a person who prefers to live alone, without contact with other people ▶ pustelni-k/ca

hernia /ˈhɜ: niə; US / (also rupture) noun [countable, uncountable] the medical condition in which an organ inside the body, for example the stomach, pushes through the wall of muscle which surrounds it ▶ przepuklina

hero /ˈhɪərəʊ; US ˈhi:- / noun [countable] (pl. heroes) 1 a person who is admired, especially for having done sth difficult or good The team were given a hero’s welcome on their return home. a war hero an anti-hero antybohater ▶ bohater

heroic /həˈrəʊɪk; US / adj. (used about people or their actions) having a lot of courage a heroic effort ▶ bohaterski heroiczny □ heroically /-kli; US / adv. ▶ bohatersko heroicznie

heroin /ˈherəʊɪn; US / noun [uncountable] a powerful illegal drug that some people take for pleasure and then cannot stop taking ▶ heroina

heroine /ˈherəʊɪn; US / noun [countable] 1 a woman who is admired, especially for having done sth difficult or good Who was your heroine when you were little? ▶ bohaterka

heroism /ˈherəʊɪzəm; US / noun [uncountable] great courage Rescuing the child from the burning building was an act of heroism. ▶ bohaterstwo

heron /ˈherən; US / noun [countable] a large bird with a long neck and long legs that lives near water ▶ czapla

herpes /ˈhɜ: pi: z; US / noun [uncountable] one of a group of infectious diseases, caused by a virus, that cause painful spots on the skin, especially on the face and sexual organs ▶ opryszczka

herring /ˈherɪŋ; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (pl. herring or herrings) a fish that swims in shoals in cold seas and is used for food ▶ śledź

hers /hɜ: z; US / pron. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW of or belonging to her I didn’t have a pen but Helen lent me hers. ▶ jej swój

herself /hɜ:ˈself; weak form həˈs-; US; / pron. 1 (used when the female who does an action is also affected by it) She hurt herself quite badly when she fell downstairs. Irene looked at herself in the mirror. ▶ się siebie

hesitant /ˈhezɪtənt; US / adj. hesitant (to do/about doing sth) slow to speak or act because you are not sure if you should or not I’m very hesitant about criticizing him too much. a hesitant manner ▶ niezdecydowany niepewny

hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt / verb [intr] 1hesitate (about/over sth) to pause before you do sth or before you take a decision, usually because you are uncertain or worried He hesitated before going into her office. ▶ wahać się

2hesitate (to do sth) to not want to do sth because you are not sure that it is right Don’t hesitate to phone (dzwoń śmiało) if you have any problems. ▶ wahać się

heterosexual /ˌhetərəˈsekʃuəl; US / adj. sexually attracted to a person of the opposite sex ▶ heteroseksualny ⇨ look at bisexual, homosexual □ heterosexual noun [countable] ▶ heteroseksualist(k)a

hexagon /ˈheksəɡən; US / noun [countable] a shape with six sides ▶ sześciokąt □ hexagonal /heksˈæɡənl; US / adj. ▶ sześciokątny

hibernate /ˈhaɪbəneɪt; US / verb [intransitive] (used about animals) to spend the winter in a state like deep sleep ▶ zapadać w sen zimowy □ hibernation /ˌhaɪbəˈneɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ sen zimowy hibernacja

hiccup (also hiccough) /ˈhɪkʌp; US / noun 1 [countable] a sudden, usually repeated sound that is made in the throat and that you cannot control He finished his drink and gave a hiccup. ▶ czkawka

□ hiccup (also hiccough) verb [intransitive] ▶ czkać

hide1 /haɪd; US / verb (past tense hid /hɪd; US /, past participle hidden /ˈhɪdn; US /) 1[transitive] to put or keep sb/sth in a place where they or it cannot be seen; to cover sth so that it cannot be seen

2[intransitive] to be or go in a place where you cannot be seen or found Quick, run and hide! The child was hiding under the bed. ▶ chować się ukrywać się

hide2 /haɪd; US / noun 1 [c] a place from which people can watch wild animals, birds, etc. without being seen ▶ kryjówka (np. dla obserwatorów ptaków) 2[c, un] the skin of a large animal, especially when it is used for leather skóra (zwierzęcia)

ˌhide-and-ˈseek noun [uncountable] a children’s game in which one person hides and the others try to find them ▶ zabawa w chowanego

hideous /ˈhɪdiəs; US / adj. very ugly or unpleasant a hideous sight a hideous crime That new dress she’s got is hideous. ▶ ohydny odrażający □ hideously /; US / adv. ▶ ohydnie odrażająco

hiding /ˈhaɪdɪŋ; US / noun 1 [uncountable] the state of being hidden The escaped prisoners are believed to be in hiding (uważa się, że zbiegli więźniowie ukrywają się) somewhere in London. to go into hiding ukryć się ▶ ukrycie (się)

ˈhiding place noun [countable] a place where sb/sth is or could be hidden ▶ kryjówka

hierarchy /ˈhaɪərɑ: ki; US / noun [countable] (pl. hierarchies) a system or organization that has many levels from the lowest to the highest ▶ hierarchia □ hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈrɑ: kɪkl; US / adj. ▶ hierarchiczny

hieroglyphics /ˌhaɪərəˈɡlɪfɪks; US / noun [pl.] the system of writing that was used in ancient Egypt in which a small picture represents a word or sound ▶ hieroglify

hi-fi /ˈhaɪ faɪ; US / noun [countable] equipment for playing recorded music that produces high quality sound ▶ sprzęt hi-fi wieża □ hi-fi adj. a hi-fi system ▶ (sprzęt elektroakustyczny) hi-fi

high1 /haɪ; US / adj. 1 (used about things) having a large distance between the bottom and the top high cliffs What’s the highest mountain in the world? high heels The garden wall was so high that we couldn’t see over it. ▶ wysoki

better than usual high-quality Her work is of a very high standard. He has a high opinion of you. What was the high point (główną atrakcją) of your trip? We have high hopes for (wiele sobie obiecujemy po) our new product. ▶ wysokiej (jakości)

high2 /haɪ; US / noun [countable] 1 a high level or point Profits reached an all-time high last year. ▶ szczyt wysoki poziom

high3 /haɪ; US / adv. 1 at or to a high position or level The sun was high in the sky. I can’t jump any higher. The plane flew high overhead. You should aim high. The desk was piled high with books. ▶ wysoko ⇨ noun height

ˌhigh-ˈclass adj. of especially good quality a high-class restaurant ▶ znakomity pierwszorzędny

ˌHigh ˈCourt noun [countable] the most important court of law in some countries ▶ sąd najwyższy

ˌhigher eduˈcation noun [uncountable] education and training at a college or university, especially to degree level ▶ studia wyższe

ˈhigh jump noun [sing.] the sport in which people try to jump over a bar in order to find out who can jump the highest ▶ skok wzwyż

highland /ˈhaɪlənd; US / adj. [only before a noun] 1 in or connected with an area of land that has mountains highland streams ▶ górski ⇨ look at lowland 2(Highland) in or connected with the Highlands of Scotland ▶ dot. gór w Szkocji

ˌhigh-ˈlevel adj. involving important people high-level talks ▶ na szczycie

highlight1 /ˈhaɪlaɪt; US / verb [transitive] 1 to emphasize sth so that people give it special attention The report highlighted the need for improved safety at football grounds. ▶ podkreślać

highlighter /ˈhaɪlaɪtə(r); US / (also ˈhighlighter pen) noun [countable] a special pen used for marking words in a text in bright colours ▶ marker zakreślacz

highly /ˈhaɪli; US / adv. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 to a high degree; very highly trained/educated/developed highly critical/sensitive/contagious It’s highly unlikely that anyone will complain. ▶ bardzo w wysokim stopniu

ˌhigh-ˈpowered adj. 1 (used about people) important and successful high-powered executives ▶ ważny 2 (used about things) having great power a high-powered engine ▶ wysokiej mocy

ˌhigh-resoˈlution adj. (used about a photograph or an image on a computer or television screen) showing a lot of clear sharp detail a high-resolution scan ▶ o wysokiej rozdzielczości

ˈhigh-rise adj. [only before a noun] (used about a building) very tall and having a lot of floors ▶ wielopiętrowy

ˈhigh school noun [countable, uncountable] (in the US and some other countries) a school for young people between the ages of 14 and18; (often used in Britain in the names of schools for young people between the ages of 11 and 18) ▶ szkoła średnia

ˈhigh street noun [countable] (Brit.) (often used in names) the main street of a town The Post Office is in the High Street. ▶ główna ulica

high-tech (also hi-tech) /ˌhaɪ ˈtek; US / adj. 1 using the most modern methods and machines, especially electronic ones high-tech industries/hospitals ▶ zautomatyzowany skomputeryzowany  OPPOSITE  low-tech

ˌhigh ˈtide noun [uncountable] the time when the sea comes furthest onto the land ▶ przypływ

highway /ˈhaɪweɪ; US / noun [countable] (especially US) a main road (between towns) ▶ główna szosa autostrada

hijack /ˈhaɪdʒæk; US / verb [transitive] 1 to take control of a plane, etc. by force, usually for political reasons The plane was hijacked on its flight to Sydney. ▶ porywać (np. samolot)

hijack noun [countable] The hijack was ended by armed police. ▶ porwanie uprowadzenie —hijacker /; US / noun [countable] ▶ porywacz (np. samolotu)

hike /haɪk; US / noun [countable] a long walk in the country We went on a ten-mile hike at the weekend. ▶ wędrówka piesza wycieczka □ hike verb [intransitive] ▶ wędrować iść na wycieczkę

hilarious /hɪˈleəriəs; US / adj. extremely funny ▶ prześmieszny ⇨ note at humour □ hilariously /; US / adv. hilariously funny ▶ prześmiesznie

hill /hɪl; US / noun [countable] ⇨ a high area of land that is not as high as a mountain There was a wonderful view from the top of the hill. We spent the day walking in the hills. ▶ wzgórze pagórek

hillside /ˈhɪlsaɪd; US / noun [countable] the side of a hill a house built on the hillside ▶ zbocze stok

hilltop /ˈhɪltɒp; US / noun [countable] the top of a hill ▶ wzgórze szczyt

hilly /ˈhɪli; US / adj. (hillier; hilliest) having a lot of hills The country’s very hilly around here. ▶ górzysty pagórkowaty

hilt /hɪlt; US / noun [countable] the handle of a knife or a sword ▶ garda rękojeść  IDIOMS  to the hilt to a high degree; completely I’ll defend you to the hilt. ▶ całkowicie gruntownie

hinder /ˈhɪndə(r); US / verb [transitive] to make it more difficult for sb/sth to do sth A lot of scientific work is hindered by lack of money. ▶ powstrzymywać przeszkadzać

hindsight /ˈhaɪndsaɪt; US / noun [uncountable] the understanding that you have of a situation only after it has happened It’s very easy to criticize with the benefit of hindsight. With hindsight, I wouldn’t have lent him the money ▶ wiedza po fakcie

Hindu /ˈhɪndu:; US ˌhɪnˈdu: / noun [countable] a person whose religion is Hinduism ▶ wyznawca hinduizmu hindus/ka □ Hindu adj. Hindu beliefs ▶ hinduski

Hinduism /ˈhɪndu:ɪzəm; US / noun [uncountable] the main religion of India. Hindus believe in many gods and that, after death, people will return to life in a different form. ▶ hinduizm

hinge1 /hɪndʒ; US / noun [countable] a piece of metal that joins two sides of a box, door, etc. together and allows it to be opened or closed ▶ zawias

hint1 /hɪnt; US / noun [countable] 1 something that you suggest in an indirect way If you keep mentioning parties, maybe they’ll take the hint and invite you. ▶ aluzja napomknięcie

hint2 /hɪnt; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] hint (at sth); hint that... to suggest sth in an indirect way They only hinted at their great disappointment. He hinted that he might be moving to Greece. ▶ robić aluzję dawać do zrozumienia

hip1 /hɪp; US / noun [countable] the part of the side of your body above your legs and below your waist He stood there angrily with his hands on his hips. What do you measure round the hips? She broke her hip when she fell. ▶ biodro

hippie (also hippy) /ˈhɪpi / [c] (pl. hippies) a person who rejects the usual values and way of life of western society. Especially in the 1960s, hippies showed that they were different by wearing brightly coloured clothes, having long hair ▶ hipis

hippopotamus /ˌhɪpəˈpɒtəməs; US / noun [countable] (also informal hippo /ˈhɪpəʊ; US /) a large African animal with a large head and short legs that lives in or near rivers ▶ hipopotam

hire1 /ˈhaɪə(r); US / verb [transitive] 1(US rent) hire sth (from sb) to have the use of sth for a short time by paying for it ▶ wynajmować wypożyczać W Br. ang. hire znaczy wypożyczać coś na krótki czas:

2 to give sb a job for a short time We’ll have to hire somebody to mend the roof. ▶ najmować (do pracy) W Amer. ang. hire dotyczy również zatrudnienia na stałe: We just hired a new secretary.

hire2 /ˈhaɪə(r); US / noun [uncountable] the act of paying to use sth for a short time How much is the hire of the hall per hour? Car hire is expensive in this country. Do you have bicycles for hire? a hire car ▶ wynajęcie najem

ˌhire ˈpurchase noun [uncountable] (Brit.) (abbr. h.p.) a way of buying goods. You do not pay the full price immediately but by instalments until the full amount is paid We’re buying the television on hire purchase. ▶ kupno na raty

hiss /hɪs; US / verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] to make a sound like a very long ‘ s’ to show that you are angry or do not like sth The cat hissed at me. The speech was hissed and booed. ▶ syczeć wygwizdywać

historian /hɪˈstɔ: riən; US / noun [countable] a person who studies or who is an expert in history ▶ historyk

historic /hɪˈstɒrɪk; US; / adj. famous or important in history The ending of apartheid was a historic event. ▶ historyczny o znaczeniu historycznym

historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkl; US; / adj. 1 connected with history or the study of history ▶ historyczny dotyczący historii ⇨ look at historic

historically /-kli; US / adv. a historically important town ▶ historycznie

history /ˈhɪstri; US / noun (pl. histories) ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[uncountable] all the events of the past an important moment in history ▶ historia ⇨ look at natural history

3 [uncountable] the study of past events a degree in history History was my favourite subject at school. a history teacher ▶ historia 4[countable] a written description of past events She’s writing a new history of Europe. ▶ historia

hit Strike jest bardziej formalne niż hit. Beat oznacza „uderzać wiele razy“: He was badly beaten in the attack. Punch oznacza mocno uderzać kogoś/w coś pięścią, na przykład w czasie bójki:

hit1 /hɪt; US / verb [transitive] (hitting; past tense, past participle hit) 1 to make sudden, violent contact with sb/sth ‘ Don’t hit me,’ he begged.

hit sth (on/against sth) to knock a part of your body, etc. against sth Peter hit his head on the low beam. ▶ uderzać się stuknąć się

4 to reach a place or a level If you follow this road, you should hit the motorway in about ten minutes. The price of oil hit a new high yesterday. ▶ osiągnąć dojść znaleźć

6 to suddenly come into sb’s mind; to make sb realize or understand sth I thought I recognized the man’s face and then it hit me (olśniło mnie) – he was my old maths teacher! ▶ uzmysłowić coś sobie/komuś

hit2 /hɪt; US / noun [countable] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 the act of hitting sth The ship took a direct hit and sank. She gave her brother a hard hit on the head. What a brilliant hit! ▶ uderzenie

ˌhit-and-ˈrun [only before a noun] 1 (used about a car driver) causing an accident and not stopping to see if anybody is hurt ▶ uciekający z miejsca wypadku 2 (used about a road accident) caused by a hit-and-run driver ▶ taki, którego sprawca zbiegl

hitch1 /hɪtʃ; US / verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] (informal) to get a free ride in a person’s car; to travel around in this way by waiting by the side of a road and trying to get passing cars to stop

hitch2 /hɪtʃ; US / noun [countable] a small problem or difficulty The wedding went off without a hitch. a technical hitch (usterka techniczna) ▶ szkopuł przeszkoda trudność

Hitch też stosuje się w formie czasownika przechodniego: I hitched a lift/ride to the nearest petrol station. To samo znaczy thumb a lift.

hitchhike /ˈhɪtʃhaɪk / (also informal hitch) verb [in] to travel by waiting by the side of a road and holding out your hand or a sign until a driver stops and takes you in the direction you want to go He hitchhiked across Europe. ▶ jechać autostopem

ˈhit man noun [countable] (informal) a person who is paid to kill another person ▶ płatny morderca

HIV /ˌeɪtʃ aɪ ˈvi:; US / abbr. human immunodeficiency virus; the virus that is believed to cause AIDS ▶ HIV

beehive /ˈbi: haɪv; US / (also hive /haɪv; US /) noun [countable] a type of box that people use for keeping bees in ▶ ul

hoarse /hɔ: s; US / adj. (used about a person or their voice) sounding rough and quiet, especially because of a sore throat a hoarse whisper The spectators shouted themselves hoarse. Widzowie ochrypli od krzyku. ▶ chrapliwy ochrypły

hob /hɒb; US / (US stovetop /ˈstəʊvtɒp; US /) noun [countable] the surface on the top of a cooker that is used for boiling, frying, etc. ▶ płyta kuchenna płytka (kuchenki)