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break the ice to say or do sth that makes people feel more relaxed, especially at the beginning of a party or meeting She smiled to break the ice. ▶ przełamywać lody ice1 /aɪs; US / noun [uncountable] water that has frozen and become solid Do you want ice in your orange juice? I slipped on a patch of ice. black ice mało widoczne oblodzenie drogi ▶ lód
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PHRASAL VERB ice (sth) over/up to cover sth or become covered with ice The windscreen of the car had iced over in the night. ▶ oblodzić (się) pokrywać (się) lodem zamarzać ice2 /aɪs; US / (especially US frost) verb [transitive] to decorate a cake by covering it with a mixture of sugar, butter, chocolate, etc. ▶ lukrować ⇨ look at icing
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iceberg /ˈaɪsbɜ:ɡ; US / noun [countable] a very large block of ice that floats in the sea ▶ góra lodowa IDIOMS the tip of the iceberg
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ˌice-ˈcold adj. very cold ice-cold beer Your hands are ice-cold. ▶ lodowaty
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ˌice ˈcream noun 1[uncountable] a frozen sweet food that is made from cream Desserts are served with cream or ice cream. ▶ lody 2[countable] an amount of ice cream that is served to sb, often in a cone a strawberry ice cream ▶ lody
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ˈice cube noun [countable] a small block of ice that you put in a drink to make it cold ▶ kostka lodu
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iced /aɪst; US / adj. (used about drinks) very cold iced tea ▶ mrożony
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ˈice hockey (US hockey) noun [uncountable] a game that is played on ice by two teams who try to hit a puck into a goal with long wooden sticks ▶ hokej na lodzie ⇨ note at hockey
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ˌice ˈlolly noun [countable] (pl. ice lollies) (US Popsicle /ˈpɒpsɪkl; US /) a piece of flavoured ice on a stick ▶ lody na patyku
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ˈskating rink (also ˈice rink; rink) noun [countable] a large area of ice, or a building containing a large area of ice, which is used for skating on The road was like a skating rink. ▶ lodowisko
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skate2 /skeɪt; US / noun [countable] 1 (also ˈice skate) a boot with a thin sharp metal part on the bottom that is used for moving on ice ▶ łyżwa
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skate1 /skeɪt; US / verb [intransitive] 1(also ˈice-skate) to move on ice wearing skates Can you skate? They skated across the frozen lake. ▶ jeździć na łyżwach
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skating /ˈskeɪtɪŋ; US / noun [uncountable] 1(also ˈice skating) the activity or sport of moving on ice wearing special boots Would you like to go skating this weekend? ▶ jazda na łyżwach
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icicle /ˈaɪsɪkl; US / noun [countable] a pointed piece of ice that is formed by water freezing as it falls or runs down from sth ▶ sopel lodu
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icing /ˈaɪsɪŋ; US / (US frosting /ˈfrɒstɪŋ; US /) noun [uncountable] a sweet mixture of sugar and water, milk, butter, etc. that is used for decorating cakes chocolate icing ▶ lukier
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ˈicing sugar noun [uncountable] (US conˈfectioner’s sugar; ˈpowdered sugar) white sugar in fine powder form, used especially to make icing for cakes ▶ cukier puder
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2 a person or thing that is considered to be a symbol of sth Madonna and other pop icons of the 1980s ▶ symbol 3 (also ikon) a picture or figure of an important religious person, used by some types of Christians ▶ ikona icon /ˈaɪkɒn; US / noun [countable] 1 a small picture or symbol on a computer screen that represents a program Click on the printer icon with the mouse. ▶ ikona piktogram
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iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk; US / adj. acting as a sign or symbol of sth ▶ symboliczny
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icy /ˈaɪsi; US / adj. (icier; iciest) 1 very cold icy winds/water/weather ▶ lodowaty mroźny SYNONYM freezing 2 covered with ice icy roads ▶ oblodzony
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iˈdentity card (also IˈD card) noun [countable] a card with your name, photograph, etc. that is proof of who you are an ID card ▶ dowód tożsamości legitymacja dowód osobisty
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idea /aɪˈdɪə; US -ˈdi:ə / noun 1[countable] an idea (for sth); an idea (of sth/of doing sth) a plan, thought or suggestion, especially about what to do in a particular situation That’s a good idea! He’s got an idea for a new play. Has anyone got any ideas of how to tackle this problem? It was your idea to invite so many people to the party. We’re toying with the idea of buying (rozważamy możliwość kupienia) a villa in Spain. ▶ pomysł myśl
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The programme gave a good idea of what life was like before the war. Staying in to watch the football on TV is not my idea of a good time. ▶ pojęcie wyobrażenie 2[sing.] an idea (of sth) a picture or impression in your mind She doesn’t seem to have any idea of what I’m talking about. You have no idea how difficult it was to find a time that suited everybody.
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4(the idea) [sing.] the idea (of sth/of doing sth) the aim or purpose of sth The idea of the course is to teach the basics of car maintenance. ▶ zamysł idea 3[countable] an idea (about sth) an opinion or belief She has her own ideas about how to bring up children. Hiding my handbag? If that’s your idea of (czy tak sobie wyobrażasz) a joke, I don’t think it’s funny! ▶ wyobrażenie pojęcie
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get the idea that... to get the feeling or impression that... Where did you get the idea that I was paying for this meal? ▶ wydawać się mieć/odnosić wrażenie get the idea to understand the aim or purpose of sth Right! I think I’ve got the idea. ▶ zrozumieć pojmować
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have an idea that... to have a feeling or think that... I’m not sure but I have an idea that they’ve gone on holiday. ▶ wydawać się mieć/odnosić wrażenie
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ideal1 /aɪˈdi:əl; US / adj. ideal (for sb/sth) the best possible; perfect She’s the ideal candidate for the job. In an ideal world there would be no poverty. It would be an ideal opportunity for you to practise your Spanish. ▶ idealny doskonały
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2[usually sing.] an ideal (of sth) a perfect example of a person or thing My ideal would be to live in the country and have a flat in London. It’s my ideal of what a family home should be. ▶ ideał wzór ideal2 /aɪˈdi:əl; US / noun [countable] 1 an idea or principle that seems perfect to you and that you want to achieve She finds it hard to live up to her parents’ high ideals. political/moral/social ideals ▶ ideał
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□ idealist /-ɪst; US / noun [countable] Most people are idealists when they are young. ▶ idealist(k)a —idealistic /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk; US / adj. ▶ idealistyczny idealism /aɪˈdi:əlɪzəm; US / noun [uncountable] the belief that a perfect life, situation, etc. can be achieved, even when this is not very likely Young people are usually full of idealism. ▶ idealizm
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idealize (also idealise) /aɪˈdi:əlaɪz; US / verb [transitive] to imagine or show sb/sth as being better than he/she/it really is Old people often idealize the past. ▶ idealizować
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ideally /aɪˈdi:əli; US / adv. 1 perfectly They are ideally suited to each other. ▶ doskonale idealnie 2 in anideal situation Ideally, no class should be larger than 25. ▶ idealnie
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2(the identical) [only before a noun] the same This is the identical room we stayed in last year. ▶ ten sam □ identically /-kli; US / adv. ▶ identycznie tak samo identical /aɪˈdentɪkl/ adj. 1 identical (to/with sb/sth) exactly the same as; similar in every detail I can’t see any difference between these two pens – they look identical to me. That watch is identical to the one I lost yesterday. ▶ taki sam
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iˌdentical ˈtwin noun [countable] either of two children or animals born from the same mother at the same time who have developed from a single egg ▶ bliźniak jednojajowy
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identifiable /aɪˌdentɪˈfaɪəbl; US / adj. that can be recognized identifiable groups/characteristics The house is easily identifiable by the large tree outside. ▶ rozpoznawalny
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2(abbr. ID /ˌaɪ ˈdi:; US /) [uncountable] an official paper, document, etc. that is proof of who you are Do you have any identification? ▶ dowód tożsamości legitymacja identification /aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; US / noun 1 [uncountable, countable] the process of showing, recognizing or giving proof of who or what sb/sth is The identification of the bodies of those killed in the explosion was very difficult. ▶ identyfikacja
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3[uncountable, countable] identification (with sb/sth) a strong feeling of understanding or sharing the same feelings as sb/sth children’s identification with TV heroes ▶ utożsamianie się
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iˌdentifiˈcation parade, especially US ˈline-up) noun [c] a row of people, including one person who is suspected of a crime, who are shown to a witness to see if he or she can recognize the criminal ▶ konfrontacja (w celu rozpoznania przestępcy)
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identify sb with sth to consider sb to be sth He was not the ‘ tough guy’ the public identified him with. ▶ uznawać kogoś za coś identify with sb to feel that you understand and share what sb else is feeling I found it hard to identify with the woman in the film. ▶ utożsamiać się Lernen beginnen
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identify sth with sth to think or say that sth is the same as sth else You can’t identify nationalism with fascism. ▶ utożsamiać identify (yourself) with sb/sth to support or be closely connected with sb/sth ▶ związywać się identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ identify sb/sth (as sb/sth) to recognize or be able to say who or what sb/sth is The police need someone to identify the body. We must identify the cause of the problem before we look for solutions. ▶ identyfikować
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The region has its own cultural identity. The arrest was a case of mistaken identity. Zaaresztowano nieodpowiednią osobę. ▶ tożsamość identity /aɪˈdentəti; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (pl. identities) (abbr. ID /ˌaɪ ˈdi:; US /) who or what a person or a thing is There are few clues to the identity of the killer.
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ideology /ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (pl. ideologies) a set of ideas that a political or economic system is based on Marxist ideology ▶ ideologia □ ideological /ˌaɪdiəˈlɒdʒɪkl; US / adj. ▶ ideologiczny
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idiom /ˈɪdiəm; US / noun [countable] an expression whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words in it The idiom ‘ bring something home to somebody’ means ‘ make somebody understand something’. ▶ idiom wyrażenie idiomatyczne
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idiomatic /ˌɪdiəˈmætɪk/ adj. 1 using language that contains expressions that are natural to sb who has spoken that language from birth He speaks good idiomatic English. ▶ idiomatyczny 2 containing an idiom an idiomatic expression ▶ idiomatyczny
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2 not doing anything; not being used She can’t bear to be idle. The factory stood idle while the machines were being repaired. ▶ bezczynny idle /ˈaɪdl; US / adj. 1 not wanting to work hard He has the ability to succeed but he is just bone idle (bardzo leniwy). ▶ leniwy
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□ idleness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ bezczynność —idly /ˈaɪdli; US / adv. ▶ bezczynnie 3[only before a noun] not to be taken seriously because it will not have any result an idle promise/threat idle chatter/curiosity ▶ próżny pusty
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idol /ˈaɪdl; US / noun [countable] 1 a person (such as a film star) who is admired or loved When I was 14, Elvis Presley was my idol. a pop/football/teen/screen idol ▶ idol 2 a statue that people treat as a god ▶ bożek
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idolize (also idolise) /ˈaɪdəlaɪz; US / verb [transitive] to love or admire sb very much or too much He is an only child and his parents idolize him. ▶ ubóstwiać
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idyllic /ɪˈdɪlɪk; US aɪˈd- / adj. very pleasant and peaceful; perfect an idyllic holiday ▶ sielankowy idylliczny
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i.e. /ˌaɪ ˈi:; US / abbr. that is; in other words deciduous trees, i.e. those which lose their leaves in autumn ▶ tj. tzn.
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igloo /ˈɪɡlu:; US / noun [countable] (pl. igloos) a small house that is built from blocks of hard snow ▶ igloo
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ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to start burning or to make sth start burning A spark from the engine ignited the petrol. ▶ zapalać
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ignition /ɪɡˈnɪʃn/ 1 [c] the electrical system that starts the engine of a car to turn the ignition on/off First of all, put the key in the ignition. ▶ zapalanie 2[uncountable] the act of starting to burn or making sth start to burn ▶ zapłon
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/ˈɪɡnərəns/ noun [u] ignorance (of/about sth) a lack of information or knowledge The workers were in complete ignorance (pozostawali w zupełnej nieświadomości) of the management’s plans. The mistake was due to ignorance. ▶ ignorancja nieznajomość
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2(informal) having or showing bad manners an ignorant person/remark ▶ prostacki ignorant /ˈɪɡnərənt; US / adj. 1 ignorant (of/about sth) not knowing about sth Many people are ignorant of their rights. I’m very ignorant about (wielkim ignorantem w zakresie) modern technology, I’m afraid. ▶ nieświadomy (czegoś)
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Zwróć uwagę, że ignore i be ignorant bardzo różnią się znaczeniem. Lernen beginnen
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ignore /ɪɡˈnɔ:(r); US / verb [transitive] to pay no attention to sb/sth I said hello to Debbie but she totally ignored me. Alison ignored her doctor’s advice about drinking and smoking less. ▶ ignorować nie zważać na kogoś/coś lekceważyć
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2[only before a noun] bad or harmful He resigned because of ill health. I’m glad to say I suffered no ill effects from all that rich food. ill humour ▶ zły szkodliwy ill1 /ɪl; US / adj. 1 [not before a noun] (US sick) not in good health; not well I can’t drink milk because it makes me feel ill (robi mi się od niego niedobrze). I have been ill with flu. My mother was taken ill (zachorowała) suddenly ▶ chory
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□ illegally /-ɡəli; US / adv. ▶ nielegalnie illegal /ɪˈli:ɡl; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW not allowed by the law It is illegal to own a gun without a special licence. illegal drugs/immigrants/activities ▶ nielegalny bezprawny OPPOSITE legal
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illegality /ˌɪliˈɡæləti; US / noun (pl. illegalities) 1[uncountable] the state of being illegal ▶ nielegalność bezprawność 2[countable] an illegal act ▶ bezprawie
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illegible /ɪˈledʒəbl; US / adj. difficult or impossible to read Your handwriting is quite illegible. ▶ nieczytelny OPPOSITE legible □ illegibly /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ nieczytelnie
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illiberal /ɪˈlɪbərəl; US / adj. (formal) not allowing much freedom of opinion or action illiberal policies ▶ nietolerancyjny
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3 not knowing much about a particular subject He’s computer illiterate. Jest komputerowym analfabetą. ▶ niedouczony □ illiteracy /ɪˈlɪtərəsi; US / noun [uncountable] adult illiteracy ▶ analfabetyzm illiterate /ɪˈlɪtərət; US / adj. 1 not able to read or write ▶ niepiśmienny analfabet(k)a OPPOSITE literate 2 (used about a piece of writing) very badly written ▶ niegramatyczny niepoprawny językowo
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2[countable] a type or period of physical or mental ill health a minor/serious illness My dad is just getting over his illness. childhood illnesses ▶ choroba illness /ˈɪlnəs; US / noun 1[uncountable] the state of being physically or mentally ill In case of illness you can cancel the holiday. He’s missed a lot of school through illness. There is a history of mental illness in the family. ▶ choroba
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□ illogicality /ɪˌlɒdʒɪˈkæləti; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (pl. illogicalities) ▶ nielogiczność —illogically /ɪˈlɒdʒɪkli; US / adv. ▶ nielogicznie illogical /ɪˈlɒdʒɪkl; US / adj. not sensible or reasonable It seems illogical to me to pay somebody to do work that you could do yourself. ▶ nieuzasadniony nielogiczny OPPOSITE logical
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ˌill-ˈtreat verb [transitive] to treat sb/sth badly or in an unkind way This cat has been ill-treated. ▶ maltretować znęcać się nad źle traktować □ ˌill-ˈtreatment noun [uncountable] ▶ maltretowanie znęcanie się
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2 to explain sth or make sth clear ▶ wyjaśniać rzucać światło na coś illuminate /ɪˈlu: mɪneɪt; US / verb [transitive] (formal) 1 to shine light on sth or to decorate sth with lights The palace was illuminated by spotlights. an illuminated Christmas tree ▶ oświetlać iluminować
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illuminating /ɪˈlu: mɪneɪtɪŋ; US / adj. helping to explain sth or make sth clear an illuminating discussion ▶ wyjaśniający
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2(illuminations) [pl.] (Brit.) brightly coloured lights that are used for decorating a street, town, etc. Christmas illuminations ▶ iluminacje ozdoby świetlne illumination /ɪˌlu: mɪˈneɪʃn; US / noun 1 [uncountable, countable] light or the place where a light comes from These big windows give good illumination. ▶ oświetlenie iluminacja
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2[countable] something that your eyes tell you is there or is true but in fact is not That line looks longer, but in fact they’re the same length. It’s an optical illusion. ▶ złudzenie illusion /ɪˈlu:ʒn; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] a false idea, belief or impression I have no illusions about the situation – I know it’s serious. I think Peter’s under the illusion (łudzi się) that he’ll be the new director. ▶ złudzenie
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illusory /ɪˈlu: səri; US / adj. (formal) not real, although seeming to be The profits they had hoped for proved to be illusory. ▶ iluzoryczny złudny
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2 to explain or make sth clear by using examples, pictures or diagrams These statistics illustrate the point that I was making very well. ▶ ilustrować illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt; US / verb [transitive] 1 to add pictures, diagrams, etc. to a book or magazine Most cookery books are illustrated. ▶ ilustrować
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3[countable] an example that makes a point or an idea clear Can you give me an illustration of what you mean? ▶ ilustracja przykład illustration /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn; US / noun 1 [countable] a drawing, diagram or picture in a book or magazine colour illustrations ▶ ilustracja 2[uncountable] the activity or art of illustrating ▶ ilustracja
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illustrator /ˈɪləstreɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who draws or paints pictures for books, etc. ▶ ilustrator/ka
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2 a mental picture or idea of sb/sth I have an image of my childhood as always sunny and happy. ▶ wizerunek wyobrażenie 3 a picture or description that appears in a book, film or painting horrific images of war ▶ obraz ɪmɪdʒ noun [c] 1 the general impression that a person or organization gives to the public Advertising has to create an attractive image for the product it is selling. When you meet him, he’s very different from his public image. ▶ wizerunek obraz
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imagery /ˈɪmɪdʒəri; US / noun [uncountable] language that produces pictures in the minds of the people reading or listening poetic imagery ▶ obrazowość
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imaginable /ɪˈmædʒɪnəbl/ adj. that you can imagine Sophie made all the excuses imaginable when she was caught stealing. He was sitting there eating the biggest sandwich imaginable. His house was equipped with every imaginable luxury. ▶ wyobrażalny
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imaginary /ɪˈmædʒɪnəri; US -neri / adj. existing only in the mind; not real Many children have imaginary friends. ▶ zmyślony urojony wyimaginowany
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Imagination oznacza twórczą umiejętność danej osoby. Fantasy oznacza czyjeś mrzonki, które nie mają odniesienia do rzeczywistości. Lernen beginnen
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2 [countable] the part of the mind that uses this ability If you use your imagination, you should be able to guess the answer. ▶ wyobraźnia ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ noun 1[u, c] the ability to create mental pictures or new ideas You need a lot of imagination to see what the building will be like when it’s finished. She’s very clever but she doesn’t have much imagination. ▶ wyobraźnia
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imaginative /ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv; US / adj. having or showing imagination She’s always full of imaginative ideas. His writing is highly imaginative. ▶ obdarzony wyobraźnią pełen wyobraźni □ imaginatively /; US / adv. ▶ z wyobraźnią
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2 to see, hear or think sth that is not true or does not exist She’s always imagining that she’s ill but she’s fine really. I thought I heard someone downstairs, but I must have been imagining things. ▶ wyobrażać sobie imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn; US / verb [t] 1imagine that...; imagine sb/sth (doing/as sth) to form a picture or idea in your mind of what sth/sb might be like I can’t imagine myself cycling 20 miles a day. I can imagine what you felt like. ▶ wyobrażać sobie
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/ɪmˈbæləns/ noun [c] an imbalance (between A and B); an imbalance (in/of sth) a difference; not being equal an imbalance between our import and export trade an imbalance in the numbers of men and women teachers ▶ nierównowaga brak równowaga
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imbecile /ˈɪmbəsi: l; US -sl / noun [countable] a stupid person ▶ imbecyl
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/ˈɪmɪteɪt / verb [t] 1 to copy sb/sth Small children learn by imitating their parents. ▶ naśladować wzorować się 2 to copy the speech or actions of sb/sth, often in order to make people laugh She could imitate her mother perfectly. ▶ parodiować
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2[u] the act of copying sb/sth Good pronunciation of a language is best learnt by imitation. ▶ imitacja naśladowanie 3[c] the act of copying the way sb talks and behaves, especially in order to make people laugh ▶ naśladowanie imitation /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn; US / noun 1 [countable] a copy of sth real Some artificial flowers are good imitations of real ones. This suitcase is made of imitation leather (ze sztucznej skóry). ▶ imitacja naśladowanie podróbka
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immaterial /ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl; US / adj. immaterial (to sb/sth) not important It’s immaterial to me whether we go today or tomorrow. ▶ nieistotny błahy
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2 not fully grown or developed an immature body ▶ nierozwinięty niedojrzały immature /ˌɪməˈtjʊə(r); US -ˈtʃʊər; -ˈtʊər / adj. 1 (used about a person) behaving in a way that is not sensible and is typical of people who are much younger He’s too immature to take his work seriously. ▶ niedojrzały niedorosły
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□ immeasurably /-əbli; US / adv. Housing standards improved immeasurably after the war. Stress has an immeasurably more serious effect on our lives than we realize. ▶ niezmiernie immeasurable /ɪˈmeʒərəbl; US / adj. (formal) too large, great, etc. to be measured to cause immeasurable harm Her contribution was of immeasurable importance. ▶ niezmierny ogromny
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3[only before a noun] nearest in time, position or relationship They won’t make any changes in the immediate future. You can see the cathedral to your immediate right. He has left most of his money to his immediate family. ▶ najbliższy bezpośredni Lernen beginnen
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2[only before a noun] existing now and needing urgent attention Tell me what your immediate needs are. ▶ pilny nagły immediate /ɪˈmi: diət; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 happening or done without delay I’d like an immediate answer to my proposal. The government responded with immediate action. ▶ natychmiastowy bezzwłoczny
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2 nearest in time or position Who’s the girl immediately in front of Simon? What did you do immediately after the war? ▶ bezpośrednio 3 very closely; directly He wasn’t immediately involved in the crime. ▶ bezpośrednio tuż immediately /ɪˈmi: diətli; US / adv. 1 at once; without delay Can you come home immediately after work? I couldn’t immediately see what he meant. ▶ natychmiast bezzwłocznie zaraz
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immensely /ɪˈmensli; US / adv. extremely; very much immensely enjoyable ‘ Did you enjoy the party?’ ‘ Yes, immensely.’ ▶ ogromnie niezmiernie bezgranicznie immense /ɪˈmens; US / adj. very big or great immense difficulties/importance/power She gets immense pleasure from her garden. ▶ ogromny niezmierny bezgraniczny
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immensity /ɪˈmensəti; US / noun [uncountable] an extremely large size the immensity of the universe ▶ ogrom bezmiar bezgraniczność
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2immerse yourself (in sth) to involve yourself completely in sth so that you give it all your attention Rachel’s usually immersed in a book. ▶ pogrążać się zagłębiać się immerse /ɪˈmɜ: s; US / verb [transitive] 1immerse sth (in sth) to put sth into a liquid so that it is covered Make sure the spaghetti is fully immersed in the boiling water. ▶ zanurzać zatapiać
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a two-week immersion course in French intensywny, dwutygodniowy kurs języka francuskiego ▶ zanurzenie □ immersion /ɪˈmɜ:ʃn; US / noun [uncountable] Immersion in cold water resulted in rapid loss of heat. baptism by total immersion his long immersion in politics długi okres, gdy był pochłonięty polityką
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/ˈɪmɪɡrənt ; US / noun [c] a person who has come into a foreign country to live there permanently Many immigrants to Britain have come from Asia. The government plans to tighten controls to prevent illegal immigrants ▶ imigrant/ka
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Were you born here in Britain? Yes I was, but my parents emigrated to Britain from Barbados. Istnieje czasownik immigrate, zwłaszcza w Amer. ang. W Br. ang. zwykle używa się wyrażenia be an immigrant lub czasownika emigrate, stosowanego w odniesieniu do miejsca, z którego ktoś przyjechał: Lernen beginnen
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2(also immiˈgration control) the control point at an airport, port, etc. where the official documents of people who want to come into a country are checked When you leave the plane you have to go through customs and immigration. ▶ kontrola paszportów /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn/ noun [u] 1 the process of coming to live permanently in a country that is not your own; the number of people who do this There are greater controls on immigration than there used to be. a rise/fall in immigration ▶ imigracja
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immobile /ɪˈməʊbaɪl; US -bl / adj. not moving or not able to move The hunter stood immobile until the lion had passed. ▶ nieruchomy znieruchomiały OPPOSITE mobile □ immobility /ˌɪməˈbɪləti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ bezruch nieruchomość
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immobilize (also immobilise) /ɪˈməʊbəlaɪz; US / verb [transitive] to prevent sb/sth from moving or working normally The railways have been completely immobilized by the strike. ▶ unieruchamiać zatrzymywać
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immobilizer (also immobiliser) /ɪˈməʊbəlaɪzə(r); US / noun [countable] a device in a vehicle that prevents thieves from starting the engine when the vehicle is parked ▶ immobilizer
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immoderate /ɪˈmɒdərət; US / adj. [usually before a noun] (formal) extreme; not reasonable immoderate drinking ▶ nieumiarkowany SYNONYM excessive OPPOSITE moderate □ immoderately /; US / adv. ▶ nieumiarkowanie
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□ immorality /ˌɪməˈræləti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ niemoralność OPPOSITE morality —immorally /ɪˈmɒrəli; US; / adv. ▶ niemoralnie nieetycznie immoral /ɪˈmɒrəl; US; / adj. (used about people or their behaviour) considered wrong or not honest by most people I think experiments on animals are immoral. It’s immoral to steal. ▶ niemoralny nieetyczny OPPOSITE moral ⇨ look at amoral
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□ immortality /ˌɪmɔ:ˈtæləti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ nieśmiertelność wiekopomność immortal /ɪˈmɔ: tl; US / adj. living or lasting for ever Nobody is immortal – we all have to die some time. Shakespeare’s immortal plays ▶ nieśmiertelny wiekopomny OPPOSITE mortal
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immortalize (also immortalise) /ɪˈmɔ: təlaɪz; US / verb [transitive] to give lasting fame to sb/sth He immortalized their relationship in a poem. ▶ uwieczniać unieśmiertelniać
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3immune (from sth) protected from a danger or punishment Young children are immune from prosecution. ▶ nie podlegający czemuś wolny od czegoś chroniony (prawnie itp.) (przed czymś) Lernen beginnen
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2immune (to sth) not affected by sth You can say what you like – I’m immune to criticism! ▶ niepodatny odporny immune /ɪˈmju: n; US / adj. 1 immune (to sth) having natural protection against a certain disease or illness You should be immune to measles if you’ve had it already. ▶ uodporniony odporny
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