arch-ang-sem2

mortar

zaprawa murarska - a mixture of sand, water, and cement or lime that is used to fix bricks or stones to each other when building walls

spire

iglica - a tall pointed structure on the top of the building

gargoyle

gargulec - an ugly creature or head cut from stone and attached to the roof of an old church

boxy

pudełkowaty - shaped like a box

high-rise

wieżowiec - a building that is very tall and has a lot of floors

mediterranean

śródziemnomorski - the sea surrounded by southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia

density

gęstość - the number of people or things in a place when compared with the size of the place

power plant

elektrownia - a building or group of buildings where electricy is produced

amenity

udogodnienie - something that is intended to make life more pleasant

ski slope

stok narciarski - the side of a hill or mountain

puff

podmuch - a small amount of air, smoke that is blown from somewhere

inhabitable

możliwy do zamieszkania - suitable for people to live in

make the most of something

jak najlepiej wykorzystać

lime

wapno

penthouse

przybudówka na dachu

canvas

płótno

to alter

zmienić

promiscous

bezładny

architecture

something that has a world-changing potential; the canvas for the stories of our lives

the city (BI)

something that is always in progress, waiting for people to move into

new buildings according to some people

things that are boring, boxy

oarchitecture in the past according to some people

buildings that had a lot of ornaments

the Mountain

a building that is a cascade of houses and gardenswith penthouse views

architectural bigamy

marrying multiple ideas in architecture into promiscous hybrids

8 House

a city block that is like a Mediterranean town

Copenhagen Harbour Bath

a beach in the center of a city

The Courtscraper

a hybrid of courtyard house and a skyscraper

CopenHill

something that alters people's perception of power plants

Lego minifigs

a small plastic articulated figurine produced by Danish toy manufacturer

World Craft

what architecture should be like

to name somebody as laureate

mianować kogoś laureatem

civic architect

architekt miejski

extensive body of built projects

duża ilość zrealizowanych projektów

to span over four decades

trwać cztery dekady

to steer clear of trends and fashions

podążać za trendami i modą

to be knighten for your service

otrzymać tytuł szlachecki

societal inequality

nierówność społeczna

to rise to a challlange

stanąć na wysokości zadania

timeless modern design

ponadczasowy nowoczesny design

preexisting built and natural environment

wcześniej istniejący budynek i naturalne

to upgrade something to current technological standards

unowocześnić coś do aktualnych standardów technologicznych

urgency

nagłość

outbuilding

przybudówka/ budynek gospodarczy

understated

powściągliwy

succeeding

następny

austerity

prostota

subdued

przygaszony

reinvention

wymyślenie na nowo

yield

dostarczać

reverence

cześć/ szacunek

refurbished

odrestaurowany

approximates

przybliżające

compelling

przekonujący

imageability

obrazowość

perceptible

odczuwalny

be glossed over

być pominiętym

referable to

możliwy do odniesienia się do

customarily

zwyczajowo

transit lines

linie tranzytowe

railroads

tory kolejowe

predominant

dominujący - most obvious or easy to notice

linear elements

elementy liniowe

continuity

ciągłość

shores

wybrzeża

railroad cuts

przecięcia torów - a passage that has been dug through high ground for a railway, road etc

edges of development

krawędzie budynków

coordinate axes

osie współrzędnych - two intersecting straight lines used as reference lines in plane Cartesian geometry

outline

zarys

medium-to-large

średniej wielkości

conceived of

postrzegany

two-dimensional

dwuwymiarowy

recognizable

rozpoznawalny

dominant

dominujący

strategic spots

strategiczne punkty

foci

miejsce odniesienia - plural form of focus

junctions

skrzyżowania

convergence

zbieżność - the process of moving together from different directions and meeting; the point here it happens

shift form

przejście

condensation

kumulacja

enclosed square

zamknięty skwer

epitome

przykład / uosobienie - a perfect example of something

radiate

promieniować

core

rdzeń

feature

cecha

point-reference

punkt odniesienia

external

zewnętrzny

singling out

wyróżnić

host of possibilities

mnóstwo możliwości

distant

odległy

angles

kąty

domes

kopuły

local

lokalny / miejscowy

innumerable

niezliczony

doorknobs

klamki

clues

wskazówki

overlap

składowa

paths

(śceżki) channels along which residents move; people observe the city while moving through it, and along these paths the other environmental elements are arranged and related

edges

boundareis between regions; they are organizing features, particularly in the role of holding together generalized areas, as in the outline of a city by water or wall

nodes

(węzły) strategic spots in a city, concentrations, which gain their importance from being the condensation of some use or physical character, as a street-corner hangout or an enclosed square

landmarks

(punkty orientacyjne) type of point-reference but they are external, some of them are distant ones, typically seen from many angles and distances and used as radial references

hangout

ulubione miejsce - a place where somebody lives or likes to go often

to partake of

posiadać - to have some of a particular quality

to single out

wybierać - to choose somebody/something from a group of special attention

radial

promienisty - having a pattern of lines, that go out from a central point towards the edge of a circle

innumerable

niezliczony - too many to be counted

a host of somebody/something

ogrom - a large number of people or things

districts

(dzielnice) sections of the city, most people structure their city to some extent in this way

Kevin Lynch

American urban planner, studied at Yale, graduated from MIT

city (KL)

a place for people of different religion, culture, origins etc; a place of people's memories; a lot of structures; created for a long time; residents should feel secure, as a one organism

teeming city

tętniące życiem miasto

market-place

rynek

patched up

połatany

colonnade

kolumnada

architraves

architrawy

distortion

zniekształcenie

to curve

zaginać

to sag

osłabiać

masonry

kamieniarstwo

mason

kamieniarz

statuary

zbiór rzeźb

over-the-top

wyolbrzymiony

chaste

prosty

to frame

oprawić

nondescript

nieokreślony

leading off

prowadzący

twisting

zawiły

alleys

aleje

picturesque

malowniczy

domestic loom

domowe krosno

to cluster around

zacieśniać się

to billow out

wypuścić się (w rejs)

serene

spokojny

oar

wiosło

triremes

starogreckie galery

cella

nawa

chamber

komnata

numerical ratios

stosunek liczbowy

c.

century - wiek

heyday

złoty wiek

dissipation

załamanie

sunlit

oświetlony

sacred

święty

precinct

region

stem from

wywodzić się z

bunches

pęki

reed

trzcina

rams' horns

rogi baranie

acanthus

akant

preceded something

poprzedził coś

gaiety

radość

light-hearted

radosny

wits

dowcipnisie

plain

prosty

fluted shaft

żłobkowany trzon

cornice

gzyms

frieze

fryz

architrave

architraw

base

baza

column

kolumna

volutes

woluty

entablature

belkowanie

capital

głowica

plinth

cokół/ plinta

schoolboys

uczniowie

running water

bieżąca woda

double-tier

podwójny rząd

intact

nietknięty

theme-park

Park rozrywki

precedent

wcześniejszy

revival

odrodzenie

chariot racing

wyścigi rydwanów

pentathlon

pięciobój

post-and-lintel

konstrukcja słupowo-belkowa

to the contrary

w przeciwieństwie

arches

łuki

stadia

stadiony

all-rounder

wszechstronny

ancillary

dodatkowy

be wrapped around

być otoczonym

tiers

rzędy

uniform design

unikatowy design

semicircle

półkole

pediment

przyczółek

shaft

trzon

doric order

the simplest one, doesn't have decorations, the oldest one, it derived from the 7th century BC, the most masculine one, it has no base, looks heavy, the idea of enthasis, example Parthenon

ionic order

the most feminine of all, taller than doric, some decorations at the capital, example Erechtion

corinthian order

the most decorative out of all, the capital is decorated with acanthus leaves and volutes, there was a hidden story in the presence of that style of column

concrete

beton - a substance used for building that is made by mixing sand, small stones, cement and water

dome

kopuła - a round roof on a building

mason

murarz - someone whose job is cutting stone into pieces to be used in buildings

gunpowder

proch strzelniczy - an explosive substance used in bombs and fireworks

loom

krosno - a frame or machine on which thread is woven into cloth

legacy

dziedzictwo - something that happens or exists as a result of things that happened at an earlier time

reed

trzcina - a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places

distortion

zniekształcenie - deformation

mosque

meczet - a Muslim temple

cella

nawa -the most important chamber of an ancient temple housing a statue of a god/goddess

entasis

the swelling given to a collumn in the middle parts of the shaft for the purpose of correcting a disagreeable optical illusion, which is found to cause their outlines to seem concave instead of straight

fighting ship

- the basis of greek power - entasis (front of the temple looked like ship billowing out)

domestic loom

- the root of every greek household- fronts with their collumns and frames

people (demos)

- democracy - collumns

appearing

to emerge/ to sprout

changed

turned into/ converted into

disappearing

vanishing

repaired

patched up

was short of

lacked

to bend

to curve

to surround

cluster around

enormous

immense

minor

lesser - mniejszy

superior

peerless - nadrzędny

crowded

teeming

exaggerated

over the top - wyolbrzymiony

pure

chaste - czysty

ordinary

nondescript

charming

picteresque