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Frage		Antworten
Biodiversity Lernen beginnen		Diversity of life; the number, variety, and variation of genes, species and ecosystems on Earth.
Organism Lernen beginnen		An individual life form
Species Lernen beginnen		A group of individuals belonging to the same lowest taxonomic unit, capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring
Ecosystem Lernen beginnen		Communities of organisms interacting with their physical and biological environment
Habitat Lernen beginnen		A specific location with a particular set of biotic and abiotic conditions; where an organism generally lives
Species diversity Lernen beginnen		A measure of the number and abundance of species in a community
Adaptation Lernen beginnen		A feature of an organism that enhances its ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Abiotic factors Lernen beginnen		Non-living physical factors that influence organisms and ecosystems
Biotic factors Lernen beginnen		The living components in the environment that influence organisms and ecosystems
Ecosystem Diversity Lernen beginnen		A measure of the variety of different habitats, communities and ecological processes within a geographical location
Species richness Lernen beginnen		A measure of the numbers of species present and the evenness of species in relation to one another
Species evenness Lernen beginnen		The difference in the distribution of the total abundance between the species in a community
Community Lernen beginnen		All the species that occupy a particular place at a given time
Percentage cover Lernen beginnen		The percentage of a sample area covered by a target species
Percentage frequency Lernen beginnen		A measure of how often a species occurs in samples
Quadrat Lernen beginnen		A square frame used to isolate a standard unit of area so the distribution of a plant or animal can be studied
Population Lernen beginnen		The number of individuals of a species living in a particular place at a particular time
Relative Abundance Lernen beginnen		A measure of how common or rare a species is in relation to other species within a community
Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI) Lernen beginnen		A measure of diversity that takes into account both species richness and evenness (0 to 1 - closer to 1 means more diverse)
Predator Lernen beginnen		An organism that hunts, kills and eats another organism
Prey Lernen beginnen		An organism hunted and killed by a predator
Intraspecific competition Lernen beginnen		Competition between two or more individuals of the same species for resources
Interspecific competition Lernen beginnen		Competition between two or more individuals of different species for resources
Competition Lernen beginnen		Rivalry between individuals, of the same or different species, for a limited resource
Symbiosis Lernen beginnen		A relationship in which two organisms live in close association over a long period of time
Symbiont Lernen beginnen		An organism living in a symbiotic relationship with another organism
Disease Lernen beginnen		A condition that negatively affects the function of an individual that isn't caused directly by injury
Population density Lernen beginnen		A measure of the number of individuals living in a determined unit of area
Mortality Lernen beginnen		The ratio of total deaths to the total population of a species
Tolerance range Lernen beginnen		The range of a particular abiotic factor within which an organism can survive
Substrate Lernen beginnen		A surface on which an organism can grow
Distribution Lernen beginnen		Regions in which a species is found
Abundance Lernen beginnen		The number of individuals of a particular species in a specific area at a given time
Evenly spaced distribution Lernen beginnen		A type of distribution where individuals are more or less equally spaced throughout an area
Random distribution Lernen beginnen		A type of distribution where individuals are spaced randomly in no distinguishable pattern throughout an area
Clumped distribution Lernen beginnen		A type of distribution where individuals are found clustered in groups in particular parts of an area
Salinity Lernen beginnen		The dissolved salt content of water
Brackish Lernen beginnen		Slightly salty water; often found where seawater and freshwater mix
Osmosis Lernen beginnen		The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane
Asexual reproduction Lernen beginnen		The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Sexual reproduction Lernen beginnen		The production of offspring that has genetic material from two parents
Cladistics Lernen beginnen		A method of grouping organisms that uses evolutionary lines of descent rather than structural similarities
Clade Lernen beginnen		A group of organisms that are believed to comprise a common ancestor and all of its evolutionary descendants
Linnaean classification Lernen beginnen		A hierarchical classification system based on physical characteristics
Hierarchical taxa Lernen beginnen		Groups of organisms classified into a taxon and arranged in order of rank
Clones Lernen beginnen		Offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
r - strategists Lernen beginnen		A species that occupy unstable environments and uses the evolutionary strategy of maintaining high growth rates, occupying less-crowded ecological niches and producing many offspring
K - strategists Lernen beginnen		A species whose population fluctuates at or near the carrying capacity (K) or the environment in which it resides
Bioinformatics Lernen beginnen		Collection and analysis of DNA using computers
Molecular sequencing Lernen beginnen		The comparison of genetic information between organisms to determine evolutionary relatedness
Phylogenetic tree Lernen beginnen		A diagram that represents evolutionary relatedness between organisms
DNA sequencing Lernen beginnen		The process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
Evolutionary Relatedness Lernen beginnen		How closely two species are related by a common ancestor; species sharing more recent common ancestors are more closely related than those with less recent common ancestors
Common ancestor Lernen beginnen		The most recent species from which two or more organisms are descended; an ancestor that two species have in common
Cladogram Lernen beginnen		A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relatedness of a number of species
DNA sequence Lernen beginnen		The order of nucleotide bases that make up a section of DNA
Mutation Lernen beginnen		A small permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism
Genome Lernen beginnen		The complete set of genetic information of an organism
Bifurcation Lernen beginnen		The division of a species into two species through divergent evolution
Hybrid Lernen beginnen		The offspring of parents of different species
Classification Lernen beginnen		The arrangement of living organisms or ecosystems into groups sharing similar characteristics
Climate Lernen beginnen		Long-term average weather patterns specific to a geographical area
Terrestrial Lernen beginnen		Relating to land, as opposed to aquatic (refers to water)
Stratified sampling Lernen beginnen		The division of the physical environment into smaller components for sampling
Zonation Lernen beginnen		The breaking of the biome into habitat zones
Transect Lernen beginnen		A measured length or strip of terrain in an environment along which individual organisms or environmental parameters are measured and recorded
Unbiased data Lernen beginnen		Data collected without influence or preference or prejudice of an external source
Error Lernen beginnen		The difference between an observed value and a true value results in the inaccuracy of results
Line intercept Lernen beginnen		A sampling technique used to estimate relative densities of a species by counting the number of individuals that lie on a straight line cutting through the community
Belt transect Lernen beginnen		An elongated area of known length and width through a particular environment in which specific community parameters are measured and recorded
Succession Lernen beginnen		The process of the diversity and populations of a community changing over time
Randomised Sampling Lernen beginnen		A method of selecting a sample from a total array in such a way that every possible sample that could be selected has an equal chance of being selected
Mitochondria Lernen beginnen		An organelle found in most living cells that facilitates energy production known as cellular respiration
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Lernen beginnen		A biological molecule used by living cells for energy
Cellular respiration Lernen beginnen		A metabolic reaction occurring in most living cells that release energy for movement, growth and other biological functions
Energy transfer Lernen beginnen		The movement of energy from one object or system to another (a chimp pushes another chimp)
Energy transformation Lernen beginnen		The change from one form of energy into another (light into chemical energy)
Trophic level Lernen beginnen		A hierarchical level in an ecosystem containing organisms that have the same feeding function in the food chain
Autotroph Lernen beginnen		Also called a producer; an organism that can produce its own food from inorganic molecules using chemical energy or light energy from the sun
Photosynthesis Lernen beginnen		Conversion of light energy into chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton or plants
Food chain Lernen beginnen		A flowchart showing feeding relationships between organisms
Trophic Lernen beginnen		Relating to the consumption of food and nutrients
Consumer Lernen beginnen		An organism that cannot produce its own food so needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy
Food web Lernen beginnen		A flowchart showing complex feeding relationships between several interlinking food chains
Organic Lernen beginnen		Relating to living matter
Inorganic Lernen beginnen		Relating to molecules or structures that aren't part of a living organism
Carbon Lernen beginnen		An element essential for many structures and processes in living organisms
Nitrogen Lernen beginnen		An element required to produce many biological molecules, particularly in plants
Water Lernen beginnen		A molecule essential for numerous biological processes in living organisms
Metabolic reaction Lernen beginnen		A chemical reaction that helps to maintain the biological function of an organism
Carbon Sink Lernen beginnen		A large area of vegetation, water or another naturally forming environment able to absorb and store atmospheric carbon dioxide
Nitrogen Fixation Lernen beginnen		Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate by bacteria and cyanobacteria
Ecological niche Lernen beginnen		The role and position of a species in its environment; interactions of a species with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment
Fundamental niche Lernen beginnen		The range of environmental factors a species can occupy without consideration for population limiting factors
Realised niche Lernen beginnen		The part of a fundamental niche a species occupies due to population limiting factors
Competitive exclusion Lernen beginnen		The exclusion of a species from a community by another organism better adapted to that particular ecological niche
Keystone species Lernen beginnen		A species that has a disproportionately large effect on the community in which it lives
Interspecific relationship Lernen beginnen		A relationship or interaction between different species within a community
Carrying capacity Lernen beginnen		The number of individuals of a species able to be supported by its habitat
Population limiting factor Lernen beginnen		Any biotic/abiotic factor that limits the continued growth of a population of a species
Exponential growth Lernen beginnen		Reproductive rate is maintained and the population continues to grow limited by resources
Immigration Lernen beginnen		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species into a community
Emigration Lernen beginnen		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species out of a community
Population change formula Lernen beginnen		(Births (B) - deaths (D))+ (Immigration (I) - Emigration (E))
Lincoln Index Lernen beginnen		The Lincoln Index allows conservationists to estimate population sizes of individual animal species. Individuals are captured, marked, released back into the population and recaptured.
Primary succession Lernen beginnen		Development and change in plant communities over time, eventually leading from bare ground to a climax community
Secondary succession Lernen beginnen		Successive, natural changes in plant communities in an area where a previous community has been removed
Pioneer species Lernen beginnen		The first species to colonise an area during primary succession
Climax community Lernen beginnen		A more or less stable plant community
Pioneer community Lernen beginnen		A new community forming on a previously barren landscape, composed of pioneer species
Sere Lernen beginnen		An intermediate community observed during ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards climax community
Ecological disturbance Lernen beginnen		A temporary change in an ecosystem that causes a significant change in the behaviour, growth and survival of organisms
Symbiotic relationship Lernen beginnen		An evolved interaction or close living relationship between organisms from different species, usually with benefits to one or both of the individuals involved

Bio unit 3

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