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Rolą prawników jest aplikowanie języka do realnego świata.
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The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world.
The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world.
The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world.
Rolą prawników jest aplikowanie języka prawniczego do sytuacji z życia wziętych (lub stosowanie języka prawnego do okoliczności faktycznych).
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The role of lawyers is to apply legal language to real-life situations. (or to apply the language of the law to factual circumstances.)
Rolą prawników jest pośredniczenie między językiem a rzeczywistością — interpretowanie i stosowanie konstrukcji językowych do świata faktów.
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The role of lawyers is to mediate between language and reality — to interpret and apply linguistic constructs to the world of facts.
Prawnicy przekładają abstrakcyjny język prawa na praktyczną dziedzinę spraw ludzkich.
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Lawyers translate the abstract language of law into the practical realm of human affairs.
Wszczęcie postępowania cywilnego / wniesienie pozwu do sądu cywilnego
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Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court
Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court
Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court
Powód wszczął postępowanie w sądzie z powodu naruszenia umowy.
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The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract.
The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract.
The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract.
złożenie pozwu
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Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim
Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim
Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim
Powód wniósł przeciwko pozwanemu skargę z tytułu zaniedbania.
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The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence.
The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence.
The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence.
Złożenie wniosku wniesienie pozwu (w szerokim znaczeniu)
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Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim
Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim
Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim, Filing a claim
Wszczęcie postępowania
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Starting proceedings, Starting proceedings, Starting proceedings, Starting proceedings
Starting proceedings, Starting proceedings, Starting proceedings, Starting proceedings
Starting proceedings, Starting proceedings, Starting proceedings, Starting proceedings
powód (strona w postępowaniu cywilnym)
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claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff)
claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff)
claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff)
pozew
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claim form, claim form, claim form,: the document that claimant uses to start legal action against the defendant
claim form, claim form, claim form,: the document that claimant uses to start legal action against the defendant
claim form, claim form, claim form,: the document that claimant uses to start legal action against the defendant
Złe wykonanie Tłumaczenie: nienależyte wykonanie pracy / fuszerka / wadliwe wykonanie umowy
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Bad workmanship, Bad workmanship, Bad workmanship, Bad workmanship
Bad workmanship, Bad workmanship, Bad workmanship, Bad workmanship
Bad workmanship, Bad workmanship, Bad workmanship, Bad workmanship
być w konflikcie
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to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute
to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute
to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute, to be on dispute
strona w sprawie sądowej
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a party to a court case, a party to a court case, a party to a court case, a party to a court case,
a party to a court case, a party to a court case, a party to a court case, a party to a court case,
a party to a court case, a party to a court case, a party to a court case, a party to a court case,
być winnym komuś pieniądze
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to owe money to someone, to owe money to someone, to own money to someone
to owe money to someone, to owe money to someone, to own money to someone
to owe money to someone, to owe money to someone, to own money to someone
koszty sądowe
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legal costs
koszty sądowe procesu
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legal costs of the trial, legal costs of the trial, legal costs of the trial, legal costs of the trial,
legal costs of the trial, legal costs of the trial, legal costs of the trial, legal costs of the trial,
legal costs of the trial, legal costs of the trial, legal costs of the trial, legal costs of the trial,
procedura – ustalony sposób robienia czegoś
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procedure - a decided way of doing something
ścigać, prowadzić postępowanie karne przeciwko komuś przed sądem
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to prosecute somebody - to take a legal action against someone in the criminal court
doręczyć pozew komuś / doręczyć odpis pozwu stronie przeciwnej
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to serve a claim upon someone, to serve a claim upon someone, to serve a claim upon someone
to serve a claim upon someone, to serve a claim upon someone, to serve a claim upon someone
to serve a claim upon someone, to serve a claim upon someone, to serve a claim upon someone
uznać roszczenie
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to admit the claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim
to admit the claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim
to admit the claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim
pełne uznanie roszczenia
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full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim
full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim
full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim
częściowe uznanie roszczenia
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partial admission of the claim
rozpatrywać sprawę
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to hear a case
Sąd Najwyższy rozpatrzy sprawę w przyszłym miesiącu.
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The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month.
The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month.
The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month.
sędzia rozpatrzył sprawę na posiedzeniu jawnym
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The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court.
The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court.
The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court.
Jeśli zdecydujesz się kwestionować zadanie pozwu, musisz złożyć obronę.
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If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence.
If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence.
If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence.
bronić się przed roszczeniem (formalnie)
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to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim
to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim
to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim
Orzec na korzyść powoda
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To find in favor of the claimant. To find in favor of the claimant. To find in favor of the claimant. To find in favor of the claimant
To find in favor of the claimant. To find in favor of the claimant. To find in favor of the claimant. To find in favor of the claimant
To find in favor of the claimant. To find in favor of the claimant. To find in favor of the claimant. To find in favor of the claimant
orzec na korzyść pozwanego
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to find in favour of the defendant
to find in favour of the defendant
Sąd orzekł na korzyść powoda i przyznał odszkodowanie.
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The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages.
The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages.
The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages.
Sędzia orzekł na korzyść pozwanego z powodu braku dowodów.
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The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence.
The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence.
The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence.
Język nie jest pewnym ani stałym narzędziem służącym do nazywania rzeczywistości — kształtuje on świat, aniżeli go go odzwierciedla.
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Language is not a certain or fixed tool for naming reality — it shapes rather than merely reflects the world.
Język nie jest precyzyjnym narzędziem opisu rzeczywistości prawnej — terminy prawnicze często zależą od interpretacji, kontekstu i uznania sędziego.
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Language is not a precise instrument for describing legal reality — legal terms often depend on interpretation, context, and judicial discretion.
Language is not a precise instrument for describing legal reality — legal terms often depend on interpretation, context, and judicial discretion.
Language is not a precise instrument for describing legal reality — legal terms often depend on interpretation, context, and judicial discretion.
Założenie idealne dotyczące języka polega na tym, że język powinien być doskonałym narzędziem opisu rzeczywistości – takim, w którym każde słowo ma jednoznaczne znaczenie, dokładnie określone odniesienie do rzeczy lub faktów,
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The ideal assumption about language is that it should serve as a perfect tool for naming and describing reality — one in which every word has a clear and unambiguous meaning, a precisely defined reference to things or facts.
Pełne przysposobienie
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Full adoption
odpierać roszczenie zwalczać roszczenie bronić się przed roszczeniem kwestionować roszczenie sprzeciwić się roszczeniu
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to defend a claim, to defend a claim, to defend a claim
to defend a claim, to defend a claim, to defend a claim, to defend a claim, to defend a claim
rządy prawa, a nie ludzi (w sensie wykluczający wszelki dyskrecjonalizm)
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the rule of law not of men
„Nawet najbardziej idealna formuła ma swój cień nieokreśloności – HLA Hart
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„Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart, „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart. „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart
„Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart, „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart. „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart
„Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart, „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart. „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart
obowiązek należytej staranności
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the duty of care
Obowiązek zachowania starannosci
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The duty of care, The duty of care. the duty of care. the duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals or organizations to exercise a reasonable level of care to avoid causing harm to others.
The duty of care, The duty of care. the duty of care. the duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals or organizations to exercise a reasonable level of care to avoid causing harm to others.
The duty of care, The duty of care. the duty of care. the duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals or organizations to exercise a reasonable level of care to avoid causing harm to others.
naruszyć obowiązek należytej staranności
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to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care,
to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care,
to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care,
naruszyć obowiązek staranności
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To breach the duty of care means to fail to meet the required standard of reasonable care, resulting in potential harm or damage to another person. It is one of the key elements of negligence in tort law.
To breach the duty of care means to fail to meet the required standard of reasonable care, resulting in potential harm or damage to another person. It is one of the key elements of negligence in tort law.
To breach the duty of care means to fail to meet the required standard of reasonable care, resulting in potential harm or damage to another person. It is one of the key elements of negligence in tort law.
Sąd uznał, że architekt naruszył obowiązek zachowania ostrożności, używając niebezpiecznych materiałów.
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The court found that the architect had breached the duty of care by using unsafe materials. The court found that the architect had breached the duty of care by using unsafe materials.
The court found that the architect had breached the duty of care by using unsafe materials.
The court found that the architect had breached the duty of care by using unsafe materials. The court found that the architect had breached the duty of care by using unsafe materials.
Nauczyciel może naruszyć obowiązek opieki, jeżeli pozostawi uczniów bez nadzoru podczas zajęć.
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A teacher may breach the duty of care if they leave students unsupervised during class. A teacher may breach the duty of care if they leave students unsupervised during class.
A teacher may breach the duty of care if they leave students unsupervised during class. A teacher may breach the duty of care if they leave students unsupervised during class.
A teacher may breach the duty of care if they leave students unsupervised during class. A teacher may breach the duty of care if they leave students unsupervised during class.
Czyn niedozwolony
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A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, and for which the injured party may seek compensation through a civil lawsuit. It is not a criminal offence — it belongs to civil law, not criminal law.
A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, and for which the injured party may seek compensation through a civil lawsuit. It is not a criminal offence — it belongs to civil law, not criminal law.
A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, and for which the injured party may seek compensation through a civil lawsuit. It is not a criminal offence — it belongs to civil law, not criminal law.
naruszenie w prawie cywilnym
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civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong
civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong
civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong
czyn moralnie naganny, naruszenie zasad moralnych, moralne zło
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moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong,
moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong
moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong
naruszenie prawa karnego
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criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong
criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong
criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong
Prawo rozróżnia między naruszeniami cywilnymi a karnymi.
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The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs. The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs. The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs.
The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs. The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs. The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs.
The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs. The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs. The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs.
czyn bezprawny
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unlawful act, unlawful act, unlawful act, unlawful act
unlawful act, unlawful act, unlawful act, unlawful act, unlawful act
unlawful act, unlawful act, unlawful act, unlawful act
zarzut, twierdzenie, że ktoś zrobił coś złego
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An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven. An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven.
An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven. An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven.
An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven. An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven.
Formularz pozwu określa twierdzenia i zarzuty powoda przeciwko pozwanemu.
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The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant.
The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant.
The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant.
Podstawą powództwa o czyn niedozwolony jest fakt, że pozwany dopuścił się czynu niedozwolonego.
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The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tort. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tort. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tort.
The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tort. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tort. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tort.
The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tort. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tort. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tort.
wynagrodzenie od sukcesu
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no win fee, no win fee, no win fee, no win fee, no win fee, no win fee
no win fee, no win fee, no win free, no win fee, no win fee, no win fee
czyn niedozwolony, delikt zaniedbania
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The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence.
The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence.
The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence.
Sprawa karna
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A criminal matter is any case or issue involving a violation of criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual (the defendant) for committing a crime or offence.
A criminal matter is any case or issue involving a violation of criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual (the defendant) for committing a crime or offence.
A criminal matter is any case or issue involving a violation of criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual (the defendant) for committing a crime or offence.
sprawa cywilna
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A civil matter, a civil matter. A civil matter is a non-criminal legal dispute between individuals, companies, or organizations, usually concerning rights, obligations, or compensation.
A civil matter, a civil matter. A civil matter is a non-criminal legal dispute between individuals, companies, or organizations, usually concerning rights, obligations, or compensation.
A civil matter, a civil matter. A civil matter is a non-criminal legal dispute between individuals, companies, or organizations, usually concerning rights, obligations, or compensation.
złożenie pozwu w sądzie cywilnym, wniesienie powództwa w sądzie cywilnym
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making a claim in the civil court making a claim in the civil court
Making a claim in the civil court means starting legal proceedings against another person or organization to seek compensation, enforcement of rights, or another civil remedy. It begins when the claimant files (issues) a claim form with the court.
prawo do występowania przed sądem
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Right of the audience. The right of the audience. Right of the audience. The right of the audience.
Right of the audience. The right of the audience. Right of the audience. The right of the audience.
Right of the audience. The right of the audience. Right of the audience. The right of the audience.
prowadzić sprawę, występować w sprawie, przedstawiać argumenty przed sądem.
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To plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case
To plead a case means to present and argue a party’s position before a court, usually by a lawyer or advocate. It involves explaining the facts, applying the law, and persuading the judge to rule in favour of your client.
To plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case
reguły nakładania obowiązków
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duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules
duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules
duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules
reguły przyznające uprawnienia (trzy rodzaje)
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power-conferring rules: rule of recognition, rule of change, rule of adjudication
Zasada uznania
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A RULE OF RECOGNITION A rule of recognition is a fundamental rule that identifies the valid sources of law within a legal system. It provides criteria for legal validity, telling us what counts as law and how to recognize it.
reguła zmiany
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A rule of change is a rule that confers power on individuals or institutions to create, modify, or repeal laws. It allows the legal system to adapt and evolve by establishing procedures for legal change.
A rule of change is a rule that confers power on individuals or institutions to create, modify, or repeal laws. It allows the legal system to adapt and evolve by establishing procedures for legal change.
A rule of change is a rule that confers power on individuals or institutions to create, modify, or repeal laws. It allows the legal system to adapt and evolve by establishing procedures for legal change.
reguła rozsądzania
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A rule of adjudication is a rule that confers authority on certain persons or bodies (such as courts) to interpret and apply the law and to resolve disputes. It specifies how legal conflicts are to be settled and who has the power to decide them.
prowadzić sprawę, występować w sprawie, przedstawiać argumenty przed sądem.
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TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE
TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE
Adwokat prowadził sprawę przed sądem.
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The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court.
The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court.
Adwokaci są uprawnieni do występowania w sprawach przed sądami wyższej instancji.
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Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts.
Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts.
Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts.
Język nie jest bezpośrednim przekazem woli prawodawcy, niewymagającym interpretacji. Jest medium ukształtowanym przez kulturę, historię i ograniczenia ludzkiego rozumienia.
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Language is not a direct transmission of the legislator’s will that requires no interpretation. It is a medium shaped by culture, history, and the limits of human understanding.
Język prawniczy zawsze wiąże się pośredniczeniem między tekstem a jego znaczeniem – między tym, co zamierzył prawodawca, a tym, co interpretatorzy mogą racjonalnie wywnioskować. Zatem
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Legal language always involves mediation between the text and its meaning — between what the legislator intended and what interpreters can reasonably derive.
prawo nie jest mechanicznym odzwierciedleniem woli ustawodawcy, lecz dynamicznym procesem interpretacji w obrębie wspólnoty językowej.
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law is not a mechanical reflection of legislative will but a dynamic process of interpretation within a linguistic community.
law is not a mechanical reflection of legislative will but a dynamic process of interpretation within a linguistic community.
law is not a mechanical reflection of legislative will but a dynamic process of interpretation within a linguistic community.
Postępowanie cywilne musi zostać wszczęte w terminie przedawnienia.
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The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period.
The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period.
Jeżeli w terminie nie wszczęto postępowania, roszczenie ulega przedawnieniu.
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If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. TIME-BARRED, TIME- BARRED, TIME-BARRED
If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. TIME-BARRED, TIME- BARRED, TIME-BARRED
Prawdziwa wolność objawia się w zdolności do racjonalnego myślenia. PLATON
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True freedom reveals itself in the capacity for rational thought.
Prawo to nakaz suwerena poparty sankcjami.
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Law is the command of the sovereign backed by sanctions. Austin, the province of jurisprudence)
Law is the command of the sovereign backed by sanctions. Austin, the province of jurisprudence)
Law is the command of the sovereign backed by sanctions. Austin, the province of jurisprudence)
Przepowiednie tego, co faktycznie zrobią sądy, i nic bardziej wzniosłego, oto, co rozumiem przez prawo
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„The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more exalted, are what I mean by the law.” Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. The Path of law
pułapka teorii / słabość teorii
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pitfall of the theory, pitfall of the theory, pitfall of the theory, pitfall of the theory
pitfall of the theory, pitfall of the theory, pitfall of the theory, pitfall of the theory
pitfall of the theory, pitfall of the theory, pitfall of the theory, pitfall of the theory
Wzniosłe pojęcia normatywne / wzniosłe idee normatywne.
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Lofty normative notions, lofty normative notions, lofty normative notions, lofty normative notions
lofty normative notions, lofty normative notions, lofty normative notions, lofty normative notions
lofty normative notions, lofty normative notions, lofty normative notions, lofty normative notions
Niejasny scenariusz uwidacznia otwartą strukturę języka prawnego.
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A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language.
trwałość sankcji utrzymywanie się sankcji
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persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions,
persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions,
persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions,
Skuteczność nowej polityki jest nadal przedmiotem dyskusji.
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The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate. The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate. The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate.
The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate. The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate. The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate.
The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate. The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate. The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate.
Skuteczność
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Efficacy
Kwestionowali skuteczność systemu kar. Poddali w wątpliwość skuteczność systemu karnego.
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They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system.
They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system.
They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system.
Doktryna supremacji wewnętrznej głosi, że w krajowym porządku prawnym przeważa prawo krajowe.
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The doctrine of internal supremacy asserts that domestic law prevails within the national legal order.
Wewnętrzna nadrzędność przeciwstawia się zewnętrznej nadrzędności, w której prawo międzynarodowe ma pierwszeństwo nad krajowym.
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Internal supremacy contrasts with external supremacy, where international or supranational law overrides national law.
zwyczajowo przestrzegany
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Habitually obeyed, habitually obeyed, habitually obeyed, habitually obeyed
Habitually obeyed, habitually obeyed, habitually obeyed, habitually obeyed
Habitually obeyed, habitually obeyed, habitually obeyed, habitually obeyed
Reguła jest zwyczajowo przestrzegana, gdy ludzie się do niej stosują z przyzwyczajenia, a nie dlatego, że uznają ją za obowiązującą normę.
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A rule is habitually obeyed when people generally conform to it because they are accustomed to doing so, not because they accept it as a binding standard.
A rule is habitually obeyed when people generally conform to it because they are accustomed to doing so, not because they accept it as a binding standard.
A rule is habitually obeyed when people generally conform to it because they are accustomed to doing so, not because they accept it as a binding standard.
różnorodność prawa
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variety of law, variety of law, variety of law, variety of law, variety of law
variety of law, variety of law, variety of law, variety of law, variety of law
variety of law, variety of law, variety of law, variety of law, variety of law
Różne odmiany prawa odzwierciedlają różne tradycje prawne i źródła władzy
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Different varieties of law reflect different legal traditions and sources of authority.
„różnorodność prawa” w jurysprudencji
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The phrase “variety of law” in jurisprudence refers to the idea that law is not a uniform phenomenon. There are different forms, sources, and functions of law, depending on the perspective we take.
variety of rules (H. Hart)
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duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system.
duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system.
duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system.
variety of rules H. L. A. Hart
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duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system.
variety of rules (Dworkin)
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Ronald Dworkin argued that law is not made only of rules but also of principles and policies. In his view, the variety of law means that legal reasoning involves different kinds of standards — some binding as rules, others guiding as moral principles.
variety of law (Lon. L Fuller)
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Lon L. Fuller spoke about the internal morality of law, suggesting that law can vary in its moral quality. Thus, the variety of law may refer to degrees of legality — from just and moral law to law that is formally valid but morally defective.
Teoria prawa oparta na sankcjach
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The sanction-based theory of law (sometimes called the imperative or command theory) is a positivist conception of law that defines law primarily in terms of commands backed by sanctions.
The sanction-based theory of law (sometimes called the imperative or command theory) is a positivist conception of law that defines law primarily in terms of commands backed by sanctions.
The sanction-based theory of law (sometimes called the imperative or command theory) is a positivist conception of law that defines law primarily in terms of commands backed by sanctions.
Prawo jest rozkazem wydanym przez władcę jego poddanym, egzekwowanym za pomocą sankcji w przypadku nieposłuszeństwa.
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Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience.
Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience.
Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience.
nakaz przymusowy / zarządzenie o charakterze przymusowym / orzeczenie nakładające przymus.
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coercive order, coercive order, coercive order, coercive order, coercive order
coercive order, coercive order, coercive order, coercive order, coercive order
coercive order, coercive order, coercive order, coercive order, coercive order
model przestępcy grożącego pistoletem / model prawa przymusowego (Austin)
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gunmen model of law / coersive model of law (Austin), gunmen model of law / coersive model of law (Austin)
wzorzec zachowania / schemat zachowania
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PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR. Pattern of behavior a recurring conduct that can indicate intent, negligence, or a tendency relevant to the case
Sąd uznał wzorzec zachowania pozwanego za dowód zamiaru.
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The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent. The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent. The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent.
The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent. The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent. The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent.
The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent. The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent. The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent.
Teza o żywotności Hart
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The viability thesis states that: A system of rules counts as a legal system only if it is socially viable — that is, if it is actually effective and generally accepted by officials and citizens within a society.
The viability thesis states that: A system of rules counts as a legal system only if it is socially viable — that is, if it is actually effective and generally accepted by officials and citizens within a society.
The viability thesis states that: A system of rules counts as a legal system only if it is socially viable — that is, if it is actually effective and generally accepted by officials and citizens within a society.
ograniczona racjonalność
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bounded rationality
otwarty tekst jezykowy
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No matter how precisely the legislator drafts a rule, unforeseen or borderline cases will inevitably emerge. In such circumstances, the adjudicator must exercise discretion and interpretive judgment, rather than merely deducing the outcome
In such circumstances, the adjudicator must exercise discretion and interpretive judgment, rather than merely deducing the outcome from the literal wording of the law.
In such circumstances, the adjudicator must exercise discretion and interpretive judgment, rather than merely deducing the outcome from the literal wording of the law.
Przepisy prawne formułowane są w języku naturalnym, który z natury jest ogólny, nieokreślony i podatny na semantyczną niejednoznaczność.
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Legal rules are formulated in natural language, which is inherently general, indeterminate, and subject to semantic ambiguity.
w przypadku penumbria, zadaniem sędziego jest ustalenie, poprzez interpretację i według własnego uznania, właściwego znaczenia terminów i zakresu faktów, do których się one odnoszą.
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in case of the penumbra of a rule, it falls to the judge to determine, through interpretation and discretion, the proper meaning of the terms and the range of facts to which they extend.
in case of the penumbra of a rule, it falls to the judge to determine, through interpretation and discretion, the proper meaning of the terms and the range of facts to which they extend.
in case of the penumbra of a rule, it falls to the judge to determine, through interpretation and discretion, the proper meaning of the terms and the range of facts to which they extend.
związek treściowy między prawem a moralnością oznacza, że prawo i moralność mogą zawierać normy o tej samej treści — mogą nakazywać, zabraniać lub zezwalać na te same typy zachowań.
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The content-related connection between law and morality means that law and morality may contain norms with the same content — they may prescribe, prohibit, or permit the same types of conduct.
Funkcjonalny związek prawa i moralności oznacza, że moralność jest jednym z powodów lub motywów tworzenia prawa.
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The functional connection between law and morality means that morality is one of the reasons or motives for the creation of law.
The functional connection between law and morality means that morality is one of the reasons or motives for the creation of law.
The functional connection between law and morality means that morality is one of the reasons or motives for the creation of law.
Związek walidacyjny między prawem a moralnością oznacza, że ważność prawa nie zależy od jego zgodności z moralnością. Innymi słowy: prawa nie można unieważnić tylko dlatego, że jest niemoralne.
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The validational connection between law and morality means that the validity of law does not depend on its conformity with morality. In other words: law cannot be invalidated merely because it is immoral.
In this view, the validity of a legal norm derives from its formal source — the authority of the lawmaker and proper legislative procedure — rather than from its moral content.
Nie wszystko, co jest wymagane przez prawo, musi mieć oparcie w moralności.
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Not everything that is necessary in law must be grounded in morality. Not everything that is necessary in law must be grounded in morality. Not everything that is necessary in law must be grounded in morality.
For the law to function effectively, it requires certain rules (for example, concerning form, time limits, jurisdiction, or procedural mode) that do not stem from moral values but from the need for order, efficiency, and predictability.
For the law to function effectively, it requires certain rules (for example, concerning form, time limits, jurisdiction, or procedural mode) that do not stem from moral values but from the need for order, efficiency, and predictability.
Sędzia odmówił podjęcia decyzji na podstawie tak niejasnego scenariusza.
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The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario. The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario. The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario.
The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario. The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario. The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario.
The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario. The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario. The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario.
Niejasny scenariusz podkreśla otwartą strukturę języka prawniczego.
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A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language. A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language. A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language.
A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language. A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language. A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language.
A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language. A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language. A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language.
cechą wyróżniającą, najbardziej istotna
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salient feature, salient feature, salient feature, salient feature, salient feature
salient feature, salient feature, salient feature, salient feature, salient feature
salient feature, salient feature, salient feature, salient feature, salient feature
władza normatywna do stanowienia prawa
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normative power to make law, normative power to make law, normative power to make law, normative power to make law
normative power to make law, normative power to make law, normative power to make law, normative power to make law
normative power to make law, normative power to make law, normative power to make law, normative power to make law
Trwałość prawa.
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Persistence of law refers to the continued existence and validity of legal norms over time — even when circumstances change, governments fall, or lawmakers are replaced.
Persistence of law refers to the continued existence and validity of legal norms over time — even when circumstances change, governments fall, or lawmakers are replaced.
Persistence of law refers to the continued existence and validity of legal norms over time — even when circumstances change, governments fall, or lawmakers are replaced.
informacja o preferencjach aksjologicznych
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Information on Axiological Preferences: a statement or disclosure indicating which values (axiological principles) a person, institution, legal body, or theory regards as fundamental when reasoning, making decisions, or interpreting the law.
In legal theory and philosophy of law, it denotes the value system underlying a given concept, interpretation, or decision — such as justice, legal certainty, liberty, equality, the common good, efficiency, or protection of the weaker party.
In legal theory and philosophy of law, it denotes the value system underlying a given concept, interpretation, or decision — such as justice, legal certainty, liberty, equality, the common good, efficiency, or protection of the weaker party.
przygotować umowę
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to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract
to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract
to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract
dotrzymać umowy
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to honour the contract, to honor the contract, to honor the contract, to honor the contract
naruszyć, złamać umowę
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to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract
to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract
to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract
czek na pewną sumę pieniędzy
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a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money
a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money,
a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for a sum of money
pracować nad czymś
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to work on sth.
I am currently working on a merger agreement
I am currently working on a merger agreement
prawnicy mogą reprezentować klientów w sądzie
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solicitors are allowed to represent clients before the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients before the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients before the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients before 0the court.
solicitors are allowed to represent clients before the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients before the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients before the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients before 0the court.
solicitors are allowed to represent clients before the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients before the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients before the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients before 0the court.
to jest sprawa karna
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this is a criminal matter
podstawy (roszczenia)
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GROUNDS, GROUNDS
Grounds: the foundation or basis for a legal claim or defence.
Podstawa faktyczna – co faktycznie się wydarzyło (fakt, który podajesz)
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Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege).
Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege).
Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege).
jakie są podstawy Twojej sprawy?
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what are the grounds for your case? what are the grounds for your case? what are the grounds for your case?
what are the grounds for your case? what are the grounds for your case? what are the grounds for your case?
what are the grounds for your case? what are the grounds for your case? what are the grounds for your case?
Obrona twierdzi, że roszczenia nie mają podstaw prawnych, ponieważ umowa została rozwiązana zgodnie z prawem.
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The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully. The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully.
The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully. The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully.
The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully. The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully.
otworzyć nowy zakład
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to open a new plant
w wysokości, odszkodowania (idiomatyczne).
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in damages
Sąd przyznał powodowi 10 000 euro odszkodowania za zerwanie umowy.
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The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract. The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract.
The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract. The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract.
The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract. The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract.
wszczęcie postępowania przeciwko komuś
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starting proceedings against someone
organ wybrany demokratycznie
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democratically elected body
Królewska zgoda.
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the royal assent Royal Assent – the formal approval given by the monarch to a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament, which is required for the bill to become law.
the royal assent Royal Assent – the formal approval given by the monarch to a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament, which is required for the bill to become law.
źródło prawa
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a source of law
przygotować projekt ustawy
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to draft a bill
spisać umowę
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to draw up a contract
Sporządzić projekt ustawy
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To draw up a bill, To draw up a bill, To draw up a bill
wydać wyrok
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to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement
to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement
to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement
przedstawić pomysł do rozważenia
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to put an idea forward for consideration, to put an idea forward for consideration, to put an idea forward for consideration, to put an idea forward for consideration
to put an idea forward for consideration, to put an idea forward for consideration, to put an idea forward for consideration, to put an idea forward for consideration
to put an idea forward for consideration, to put an idea forward for consideration, to put an idea forward for consideration, to put an idea forward for consideration
strona trzecia umowy
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a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract
a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract
a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract
Egzekwować warunek / Egzekwować postanowienie umowy
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To enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, To enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term
To enforce a term, To enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, To enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term
To enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, To enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term
kara śmierci
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capital punishment, capital punishment, capital punishment
capital punishment, capital punishment, capital punishment
capital punishment, capital punishment, capital punishment
podpalenie
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an arson
kradzież
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a theft
Spółka postanowiła wyegzekwować postanowienie o zachowaniu poufności.
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The company decided to enforce the confidentiality term of the contract.
The company decided to enforce the confidentiality term of the contract.
Jeżeli najemca nie płaci czynszu, wynajmujący może wyegzekwować płatność na drodze sądowej.
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If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court.
If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court.
If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court.
Wyraźnie przyznać komuś prawo lub korzyść
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To expressly confer a right or benefit upon someone, To expressly confer a right or benefit upon someone,
To expressly confer a right or benefit upon someone means to grant or give a specific legal right or advantage to a person in clear and explicit terms.
Żadna korzyść nie jest wyraźnie przyznana osobom trzecim na mocy niniejszej umowy.
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No benefit is expressly conferred upon third parties under this agreement.
No benefit is expressly conferred upon third parties under this agreement.
No benefit is expressly conferred upon third parties under this agreement.
Interpretacja umowy
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The construction of the contract. the construction of the contract.
The construction of the contract. the construction of the contract. the construction of the contract. the process of interpreting the meaning of the words used in a contract in order to determine the parties’ rights and obligations.
Wykładnia umowy jest kwestią prawną, którą rozstrzyga sąd.
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The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide. The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide. The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide.
The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide. The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide. The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide.
The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide. The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide. The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide.
Pojawił się spór co do prawidłowej wykładni klauzuli rozwiązującej.
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There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause. There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause. There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause.
There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause. There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause. There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause.
There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause. There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause. There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause.
Warunek egzekwowalny: postanowienie umowy, które jest prawnie wiążące i może zostać utrzymane w mocy lub wyegzekwowane przez sąd w przypadku jego naruszenia.
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An enforceable term, an enforceable term, an enforceable term, an enforceable term
An enforceable term, An enforceable term, an enforceable term, an enforceable term, an enforceable term
An enforceable term, an enforceable term, an enforceable term, an enforceable term
Tylko wykonalne (skuteczne) postanowienie tworzy zobowiązanie prawne.
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Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation. Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation. Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation.
Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation. Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation. Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation.
Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation. Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation. Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation.
Sąd uznał, że klauzula kary umownej nie stanowi wykonalnego postanowienia umowy.
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The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract. The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract. The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract.
The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract. The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract. The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract.
The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract. The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract. The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract.
Aby postanowienie było wykonalne, musi być jasne, pewne i zgodne z prawem.
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For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful. For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful. For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful.
For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful. For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful. For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful.
For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful. For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful. For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful.
Umowa, której wykonanie można egzekwować.
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An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract
An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract:
An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract
Należeć do określonej kategorii
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To be a member of a class
środek prawny przysługujący w razie naruszenia umowy
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A remedy for breach of a contract, a remedy for a breach of a contract
A remedy for breach of a contract = a legal means by which a party who has suffered from another party’s failure to perform a contractual obligation can obtain redress or compensation.
Nakaz sądowy: postanowienie sądowe nakazujące osobie wykonanie określonej czynności lub powstrzymanie się od jej wykonania.
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An injunction: PROHIBITORY INJUNCTION. mandatory injunction, interim (temporary injunction) permanent injunction
An injunction: PROHIBITORY INJUNCTION. mandatory injunction, interim (temporary injunction) permanent injunction
An injunction: PROHIBITORY INJUNCTION. mandatory injunction, interim (temporary injunction) permanent injunction
Wykonanie zobowiązania środek słusznościowy, w którym sąd nakazuje stronie wykonanie jej zobowiązań umownych, zamiast po prostu zapłacić odszkodowanie za ich naruszenie.
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Specific performance an equitable remedy by which a court orders a party to perform their contractual obligations, rather than merely paying damages for breach.
Specific performance an equitable remedy by which a court orders a party to perform their contractual obligations, rather than merely paying damages for breach.
Nieważny w każdym przypadku
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VOID IN ANY CASE, VOID IN ANY CASE VOID IN ANY CASE having no legal effect whatsoever, regardless of the circumstances; legally null and incapable of producing any binding obligations.
VOID IN ANY CASE, VOID IN ANY CASE VOID IN ANY CASE having no legal effect whatsoever, regardless of the circumstances; legally null and incapable of producing any binding obligations.
Umowa zawarta w celu niezgodnym z prawem jest w każdym przypadku nieważna.
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A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case.
A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case.
A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case.
Jakakolwiek klauzula wyłączająca odpowiedzialność za oszustwo jest w każdym przypadku nieważna.
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Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case.
Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case.
Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case.
twierdzić, rościć sobie prawo, utrzymywać, podawać się za
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to purport
znaczenie, sens, ogólny ton
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purport
rzekomo, jakby, według czysis twierdzeń
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purportedly, purportedly, purportedly, purportedly, purportedly
purportedly, purportedly, purportedly, purportedly, purportedly
purportedly, purportedly, purportedly, purportedly, purportedly
Powstające w trakcie – bardzo często stosowane w znaczeniu prawniczym: > w trakcie / w toku / podczas wykonywania określonych czynności lub działalności.
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Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of
Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of
Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of
Spór powstały w trakcie wykonywania niniejszej umowy zostanie skierowany do arbitrażu.
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A dispute arising in the course of the performance of this agreement shall be referred to arbitration.
A dispute arising in the course of the performance of this agreement shall be referred to arbitration.
A dispute arising in the course of the performance of this agreement shall be referred to arbitration.
zamieszanie
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confusion
bez świadczenia wzajemnego nie ma umowy
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no consideration no contract
pogarda
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disdain, disdain, disdain, disdain, disdain, disdain
disdain, disdain, disdain, disdain, disdain, disdain
disdain, disdain, disdain, disdain, disdain, disdain
zamiar stworzenia stosunku prawnego
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intention to create a legal relationship, intention to create a legal relationship, intention to create a legal relationship, intention to create a legal relationship,
intention to create a legal relationship, intention to create a legal relationship, intention to create a legal relationship, intention to create a legal relationship
intention to create a legal relationship, intention to create a legal relationship, intention to create a legal relationship, intention to create a legal relationship
zrobić coś za czyjąś radą
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to do something on someone's advice
to do something on someone's advice
Wystąpić do sądu z roszczeniem, żądając wykonania obietnicy wynikającej z umowy.
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To sue on a promise, to sue on a promise, to sue on a promise, to sue on a promise, to sue on a promise
To sue on a promise, to sue on a promise, to sue on a promise, to sue on a promise, to sue on a promise
To sue on a promise, to sue on a promise, to sue on a promise, to sue on a promise, to sue on a promise
Sam obowiązek moralny nie wystarczy, aby pozwać o obietnicę.
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A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise.
A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise.
wydać wyrok na rzecz powoda, wydać wyrok przeciwko powodowi
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to give a judgment for the claimant to give a judgment against the claimant
być prawnie zobowiązanym
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to be under a legal obligation, To be under a legal obligation, to be under a legal obligation,
to be under a legal obligation, To be under a legal obligation, to be under a legal obligation,
to be under a legal obligation, To be under a legal obligation, to be under a legal obligation,
Rodzice mają prawny obowiązek wspierania swoich dzieci.
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Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children.
Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children.
Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children.
masz prawny obowiązek wypełniania swoich zobowiązań
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you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations, you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations, you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations
you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations, you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations, you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations
you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations, you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations, you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations
Zakres zobowiązania
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THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation, the extend of an obligation, the extend of an obligation
THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation, THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation, the extend of an obligation, the extend of an obligation
THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation, the extend of an obligation, the extend of an obligation
ograniczyć zakres zobowiązania
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to limit the extent of an obligation, to limit the extent of an obligation, to limit the extent of an obligation, to limit the extent of an obligation
to limit the extent of an obligation, to limit the extent of an obligation, to limit the extent of an obligation, to limit the extent of an obligation
to limit the extent of an obligation, to limit the extent of an obligation, to limit the extent of an obligation, to limit the extent of an obligation
ustalić zakres odpowiedzialności
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to determine the extent of liability
to determine the extent of liability
to determine the extent of liability
przyznać komuś prawo do zrobienia czegoś
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give someone the right to do something, give someone the right to do something, give someone the right to do something, give someone the right to do something
give someone the right to do something, give someone the right to do something, give someone the right to do something, give someone the right to do something
give someone the right to do something, give someone the right to do something, give someone the right to do something, give someone the right to do something
poza zakresem obowiązków
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beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation
beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation
beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation
w zakresie zobowiązania, w granicach obowiązku
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within the extent of the obligation
Nieostrość lub niejednoznaczność znaczeniowa
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Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness
Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness: the quality of being unclear or imprecise in meaning; the lack of clear boundaries or exact definition of a term or rule.
Wieloznaczność polega na wyborze między znaczeniami; nieostrość – na ustaleniu, jak daleko sięga jedno znaczenie.
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Ambiguity is a matter of choosing between meanings; vagueness is a matter of deciding how far a single meaning extends.
Ambiguity is a matter of choosing between meanings; vagueness is a matter of deciding how far a single meaning extends.
Podstawa prawna
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legal ground, legal ground, legal ground. Legal ground: which laws, rules, or principles give you the right to claim or defend.
legal ground, legal ground, legal ground. Legal ground: which laws, rules, or principles give you the right to claim or defend.
legal ground, legal ground, legal ground. Legal ground: which laws, rules, or principles give you the right to claim or defend.
wykładnia derywacyjna
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The derivational interpretation
derivational interpretation
the derivational interpretation
odwołanie darowizny
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revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation
revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation
revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation
cofnięcie przywileju
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revocation of a privilege
odwołanie pełnomocnictwa
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revocation of a power attorney, revocation of a power attorney, revocation of a power attorney, revocation of a power attorney
revocation of a power attorney, revocation of a power attorney, revocation of a power attorney, revocation of a power attorney
bezpodstawne wzbogacenie
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unjust enrichment, unjust enrichment, unjust enrichment
unjust enrichment, unjust enrichment, unjust enrichment
unjust enrichment, unjust enrichment, unjust enrichment
Mocodawca może w każdej chwili odwołać pełnomocnictwo udzielone pełnomocnikowi.
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The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time. The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time. The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time.
The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time. The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time. The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time. The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time.
The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time. The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time. The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time.
Odwołanie testamentu
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Revocation of a will
Testament może zostać odwołany przez testatora w każdej chwili przed śmiercią.
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A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death. A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death. A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death.
A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death. A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death. A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death.
A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death. A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death. A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death.
Oferta została odwołana przed jej przyjęciem
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The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted.
The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted.
Odrzucenie
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Rejection means the refusal to accept, approve, or recognize something that has been submitted or proposed under the law.
Rejection means the refusal to accept, approve, or recognize something that has been submitted or proposed under the law.
Odrzucenie oferty powoduje jej natychmiastowe wygaśnięcie.
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Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately. Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately. Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately.
Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately. Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately. Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately.
Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately. Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately. Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately.
Sąd postanowił odrzucić apelację jako niedopuszczalną.
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The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible. The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible. The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible.
The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible. The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible. The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible.
The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible. The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible. The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible.
Upływ czasu
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Lapse of time, lapse of time, lapse of time means the expiration of a specified period, after which a right, claim, offer, or legal power ceases to have effect.
Lapse of time, lapse of time, lapse of time means the expiration of a specified period, after which a right, claim, offer, or legal power ceases to have effect.
Lapse of time, lapse of time, lapse of time means the expiration of a specified period, after which a right, claim, offer, or legal power ceases to have effect.
upływ czasu przedawnia roszczenie uniemożliwia dochodzenie roszczenie
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Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action
Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action
Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action
wygaśnięcie zapisu testamentowego (np. gdy zapisobiorca umrze przed spadkodawcą).
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Lapse of legacy: the expiration of a testamentary legacy (e.g., when the legatee dies before the testator).
Lapse of legacy: the expiration of a testamentary legacy (e.g., when the legatee dies before the testator).
w zamian za prawa, w związku z prawami, biorąc pod uwagę prawa
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In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights. In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights
In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights. In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights
In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights. In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights
W zamian za prawa udzielone na mocy niniejszej umowy, Licencjobiorca zobowiązuje się do zapłaty opłaty licencyjnej.
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In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee.
In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee.
„Każdy powinien korzystać ze swoich wolności, mając na uwadze prawa i wolności innych osób.
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“Everyone shall exercise their freedoms in consideration of the rights and freedoms of others.”
“Everyone shall exercise their freedoms in consideration of the rights and freedoms of others.”
powstrzymywanie się
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Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE, forbearance, Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE, forbearance
Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE, Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE, forbearance
Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE, forbearance, Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE, forbearance
Wierzyciel zgodził się na sześciomiesięczny okres powstrzymania się od egzekucji długu.
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The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months.
The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months.
The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months.
uszczerbek, szkoda
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Detriment, detriment, detriment, detriment, detriment, detriment
Detriment is a loss, harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation.
Detriment, detriment, detriment, detriment, detriment, detriment
Powód poniósł finansowy uszczerbek w wyniku działania pozwanego.
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The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct. The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct. The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct.
The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct. The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct. The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct.
The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct. The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct. The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct.
wzajemne zobowiązania wzajemne obietnice wzajemne wzajemne prawa i obowiązki
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Reciprocal obligations Reciprocal promises Reciprocal rights and duties
Reciprocal obligations Reciprocal promises Reciprocal rights and duties
Każda ze stron podejmuje się wzajemnych zobowiązań wynikających z umowy.
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Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement.
Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement.
Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement.
umowa wzajemna
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reciprocal contract,
złożyć kontrofertę
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to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer
to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer
to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer
zrobić coś w określonym czasie w przyszłości
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to do something by particular time in the future
Wykonawca zobowiązuje się dostarczyć towar do uzgodnionej daty.
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The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date.
The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date.
The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date.
naprawić problem
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TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM, to rectify a problem to rectify a problem
TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM, to rectify a problem to rectify a problem
TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM, to rectify a problem to rectify a problem
Sąd może nakazać pozwanemu usunięcie stanu niezgodnego z prawem.
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The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation. The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation.
The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation. The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation.
umowa ustna
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oral contract
otrzymać odszkodowanie w wysokości określonej kwoty pieniędzy
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to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage
to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage
to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage
pozwać kogoś z powodu czegoś
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to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something
to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something
pozwaliśmy go z powodu naruszenia umowy
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we sued him on a ground of breach of contract
we sued him on a ground of breach of contract
przestrzegać prawa
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to comply with the law, to comply with the law, to comply with the law, to comply with the law,
to comply with the law, to comply with the law, to comply with the law, to comply with the law
to comply with the law, to comply with the law, to comply with the law, to comply with the law
dostosować się do ustawy, działać zgodnie z ustawą
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to comply with the statue, to comply with the statue, to comply with the statue, to comply with the statue
to comply with the statue, to comply with the statue, to comply with the statue, to comply with the statue
to comply with the statue, to comply with the statue, to comply with the statue, to comply with the statue
Niezastosowanie się do ustawy może skutkować odpowiedzialnością karną.
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Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability.
Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability.
Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability.
być na bieżąco z prawem”, „śledzić zmiany w prawie”, „aktualizować swoją wiedzę prawną”.
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To keep up to date with the law, To keep up to date with the law, To keep up to date with the law, To keep up to date with the law
To keep up to date with the law, To keep up to date with the law, To keep up to date with the law, To keep up to date with the law
To keep up to date with the law, To keep up to date with the law, To keep up to date with the law, To keep up to date with the law
zajmować się prawem pracy
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to work in employment law
zgodnie z obowiązującym ustawodawstwem
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under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation
under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation
under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation
przechowywać informacje na komputerze
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to hold information on a computer
to hold information on a computer
dzień rozpoczęcia, moment początkowy - mniej formalnie
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the starting day, the starting day, the starting day
the starting day, the starting day, the starting day
Termin przedawnienia biegnie od dnia, w którym powód dowiedział się o szkodzie.
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The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage. The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage.
The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage. The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage.
The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage. The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage.
Uprawnienia do zasiłku chorobowego
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Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement
Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement
Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement
Pracownikom przysługuje ustawowe prawo do wynagrodzenia chorobowego po czterech kolejnych dniach niezdolności do pracy.
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Employees have a statutory sick pay entitlement after four consecutive days of sickness. Employees have a statutory sick pay entitlement after four consecutive days of sickness.
Employees have a statutory sick pay entitlement after four consecutive days of sickness. Employees have a statutory sick pay entitlement after four consecutive days of sickness.
Employees have a statutory sick pay entitlement after four consecutive days of sickness. Employees have a statutory sick pay entitlement after four consecutive days of sickness.
adres do doręczeń (zawiadomień, oświadczeń, wezwań)
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ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, Address for notices to be served
ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, Address for notices to be served
wykonalny
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feasible
Każda ze stron wskazuje adres do doręczeń, a każde zawiadomienie doręczone na ten adres uznaje się za skutecznie doręczone.
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an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. Each party shall provide an address for notices to be served, and any notice delivered to that address shall be deemed duly served.
an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. Each party shall provide an address for notices to be served, and any notice delivered to that address shall be deemed duly served.
an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. Each party shall provide an address for notices to be served, and any notice delivered to that address shall be deemed duly served.
być winnym poważnego wykroczenia
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to be guilty of serious misconduct
być winnym poważnego zaniedbania, dopuścić się poważnego zaniedbania
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to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect
to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect
to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect, to be guilty of serious neglect
niekorzystnie wpływać, oddziaływać negatywnie
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adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect
adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect
adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect
Opóźnienie w płatności negatywnie wpłynęło na płynność finansową wykonawcy.
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The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow.
The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow.
The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow.
Żadna zmiana umowy nie może naruszać praw stron w sposób niekorzystny.
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Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties.
Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties.
istotny, wyróżniający się, kluczowy
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salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient,
salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient,
salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient,
kluczowy punkt sprawy
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salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case
salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case
salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case
Pełnomocnik podkreślił istotne fakty przemawiające za obroną.
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Counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense. counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense.
Counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense. counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense.
Pozwała gazetę o zniesławienie po opublikowaniu fałszywych informacji.
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She sued the newspaper for defamation after it published false statements about her.
She sued the newspaper for defamation after it published false statements about her.
Powód pozwał pozwanego z powodu zniesławienia i naruszenia prywatności.
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The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy.
The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy.
The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy.
Urlop ojcowski
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paternity leave
powództwo o ustalenie ojcostwa
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paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action
paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action
domniemanie niewinności
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presumption of innocence
sporny, wywołujący spór (w znaczeniu ogólnym), sprawny sądowo / procesowy (w znaczeniu prawniczym).
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Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious,
Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious, Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious
Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious, Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious
Sąd rozpoznaje sprawy sporne, takie jak spory z umów.
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The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes. The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes. The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes.
The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes. The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes. The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes.
The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes. The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes. The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes.
sporny
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Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious relating to disputes that are or may be resolved through dispute.
Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious relating to disputes that are or may be resolved through dispute.
postępowanie sporne
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contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings
contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings
contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings
prawnik od spraw spornych
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contentious lawyer, contentious lawyer, contentious lawyer, contentious lawyer
contentious lawyer, contentious lawyer, contentious lawyer, contentious lawyer
contentious lawyer, contentious lawyer, contentious lawyer, contentious lawyer
on specjalizuje się w sprawach procesowych przed sądami cywilnymi.
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He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts. He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts. He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts.
He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts. He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts. He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts.
He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts. He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts. He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts.
trudny interes, wymagający ostrożności, podchwytliwy
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tricky business, tricky business, tricky business, tricky business
tricky business, tricky business, tricky business, tricky business
tricky business, tricky business, tricky business, tricky business
Roszczenie o niesłuszne zwolnienie
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Claim for unfair dismissal, Claim for unfair dismissal, Claim for unfair dismissal, Claim for unfair dismissal
Claim for unfair dismissal, Claim for unfair dismissal, Claim for unfair dismissal, Claim for unfair dismissal
Claim for unfair dismissal, Claim for unfair dismissal, Claim for unfair dismissal, Claim for unfair dismissal
minimalny okres wypowiedzenia
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the minimum notice period
the minimum notice period
Być skazanym za przestępstwo
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To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence
To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence
To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence
Została skazana za poważne przestępstwo z Kodeksu karnego.
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She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code. She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code. She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code.
She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code. She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code. She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code.
She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code. She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code. She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code.
on został skazany za kradzież na 6 miesięcy więzienia
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He was convicted of theft and sentenced to six months in prison.
He was convicted of theft and sentenced to six months in prison.
He was convicted of theft and sentenced to six months in prison.
znajdować się w stanie upadłości orzeczonej przez sąd.
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to be a subject of a bankruptcy order
syndyk masy upadłości
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trustee in bankruptcy, trustee in bankruptcy, trustee in bankruptcy
trustee in bankruptcy, trustee in bankruptcy, trustee in bankruptcy
trustee in bankruptcy, trustee in bankruptcy, trustee in bankruptcy
Osoba objęta postanowieniem o ogłoszeniu upadłości nie może pełnić funkcji dyrektora spółki.
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A person who is the subject of a bankruptcy order cannot act as a company director.
A person who is the subject of a bankruptcy order cannot act as a company director.
ponieść wydatki
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to incure expenses
ponieść wydatki
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to incure expenses
ponieść straty
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to incure losses, to incure losses, to incure losses
to incure losses, to incure losses, to incure losses
ponieść odpowiedzialność
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to incur liability, to incur liability, to incur liability, to incur liability, to incur liability,
to incur liability, to incur liability, to incur liability, to incur liability, to incur liability,
to incur liability, to incur liability, to incur liability, to incur liability, to incur liability,
narazić się na ryzyko, ponieść ryzyko
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to incure risk, to incure risk, to incure risk
Wstrzymanie się od wykonania określonego prawa,
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Forbearance, forbearance, forbearance, forbearance,
Forbearance, forbearance, forbearance, forbearance,
Forbearance, forbearance, forbearance, forbearance,
Najemca poprosił o wstrzymanie płatności czynszu ze względu na trudną sytuację finansową.
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The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship. The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship. The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship.
The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship. The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship. The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship.
The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship. The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship. The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship.
Wierzyciel zgodził się wstrzymać się z podjęciem działań prawnych przez sześć miesięcy.
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The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months.
The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months.
The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months.
Powstrzymać się od wykonania uprawnienia lub od podjęcia kroków prawnych.
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To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action.
To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action.
Powstrzymać się od dochodzenia swoich praw Zaniechać wykonywania uprawnienia
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to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights,
to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights,
powstrzymać się od podjęcia kroków prawnych
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to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action
to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action
to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action
Twoja rada nie jest już potrzebna
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your counsel is no longer needed
your counsel is no longer needed
„to ma zbyt duże znaczenie / zbyt poważne skutki / jest zbyt doniosłe w skutkach”.
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It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential.
It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential.
It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential.
Twoje saldo
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your balance
your balance
wpłacać pieniądze
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to deposit money to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account
to deposit money to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account
rachunek bieżący / rachunek bieżący
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current account/ checking account
przekroczenie konta bankowego, debet
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overdraft
Rachunek
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A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received. A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received. A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received.
A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received. A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received. A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received.
A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received. A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received. A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received.
wypłacić pieniądze z konta bankowego
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to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account. withdraw. to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account. withdraw. to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account. withdraw.
to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account. withdraw. to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account. withdraw. to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account. withdraw.
to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account. withdraw. to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account. withdraw. to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account. withdraw.
Być uprawnionym – być uprawnionym / kwalifikować się / posiadać warunki do czegoś.
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To be eligible, to be eligible, to be eligible
To be eligible, to be eligible, to be eligible
To be eligible, to be eligible, to be eligible
on Nie spełnia warunków do otrzymania zasiłku dla bezrobotnych
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He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits.
He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits
He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits.
Opłaty bankowe do poniesienia
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Bank charges to be borne
opłaty bankowe
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bank charges, charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges
bank charges, charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges
bank charges, charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges
wyciąg z konta
Na tym wyciągu z konta musi być błąd!
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a bank statement
There must be a mistake in this bank statement!
potwierdzić ważność, zatwierdzić, zweryfikować
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To validate, to validate to validate means to confirm that something is legally or factually correct, officially acceptable, or based on truth or evidence.
To validate, to validate to validate means to confirm that something is legally or factually correct, officially acceptable, or based on truth or evidence.
konto oszczędnościowe, bieżące, lokata
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a deposit account
potwierdzić ważność umowy
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to validate a contract, to validate a contract, to validate a contract
to validate a contract, to validate a contract, to validate a contract
Sąd potwierdził ważność umowy mimo wady formalnej.
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The court validated the contract despite the formal defect.
The court validated the contract despite the formal defect. the court validated the contract despite the formal defect. The court validated the contract despite the formal defect.
The court validated the contract despite the formal defect. the court validated the contract despite the formal defect. The court validated the contract despite the formal defect.
Wszelkie niejasności w umowie będą interpretowane na niekorzyść jej autora.
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Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter. Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter. Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter.
Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter. Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter. Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter.
Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter. Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter. Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter.
Wykładnia umowy zależy od rzeczywistego zamiaru stron.
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The construction of the contract depends on the parties' true intention.
The construction of the contract depends on the parties’ true intention.
dochód
Nasze wydatki przekraczają przychód.
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income
Our expenses exceed income.
wydatki
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outgoings, outgoings, outgoings, outgoings, outgoings, outgoings
outgoings, outgoings, outgoings, outgoings, outgoings, outgoings
outgoings, outgoings, outgoings, outgoings, outgoings, outgoings
winny komuś pieniądze
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owe sb money
to have to pay money to someone else
Pozwany jest winien powodowi znaczną sumę pieniędzy.
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The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money.
The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money.
The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money.
debet, mieć kredyt w rachunku bieżącym, mieć limit debetowy na rachunku bieżącym
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to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility,
to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility,
to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility,
Bank może wypowiedzieć limit debetowy w razie naruszenia warunków przez klienta.
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The bank may terminate the overdraft limit if the customer breaches the terms and conditions.
The bank may terminate the overdraft facility on notice if the customer breaches the terms.
Na moim koncie widnieją dwa obciążenia za wczoraj
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My account shows two debits for yesterday, My account shows two debits for yesterday. My account shows two debits for yesterday
My account shows two debits for yesterday, My account shows two debits for yesterday. My account shows two debits for yesterday
My account shows two debits for yesterday, My account shows two debits for yesterday. My account shows two debits for yesterday
Zauważyłem nieoczekiwaną kwotę obciążenia na moim wyciągu.
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I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement.
I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement.
Próbuję zmniejszyć swoje całkowite wydatki
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I am trying to reduce my total outgoings. I am trying to reduce my total outgoings. I am trying to reduce my total outgoings
I am trying to reduce my total outgoings. I am trying to reduce my total outgoings. I am trying to reduce my total outgoings
I am trying to reduce my total outgoings. I am trying to reduce my total outgoings. I am trying to reduce my total outgoings
Niespłacać pożyczki
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To default on a loan, to default on a loan, to default on a loan, to default in a loan
To default on a loan, to default on a loan, to default on a loan, to default in a loan
To default on a loan, to default on a loan, to default on a loan, to default in a loan
Pozwany nie spłacił pożyczki, nie dokonując spłaty rat wymagalnych zgodnie z umową pożyczki.
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The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement. The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement
The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement. The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement
The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement. The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement
umowne Odsetki za zwłokę
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Contractual default interest. Contractual default interests means the rate of interest agreed by the parties in the contract, payable in the event of a default, particularly a failure to make a payment when due.
Contractual default interest means the rate of interest agreed by the parties in the contract, payable in the event of a default, particularly a failure to make a payment when due.
konto oszczędnościowe
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savings account, savings account, savings account, savings account
savings account, savings account, savings account, savings account
savings account, savings account, savings account, savings account
mieć dobrą historię płacenia
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to have a good history of paying
to have a good history of paying
zaległości (finansowe)
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arrears, arrears, arrears, arrears, arrears, arrears,
arrears, arrears, arrears, arrears, arrears, arrears,
arrears, arrears, arrears, arrears, arrears, arrears,
Sąd może wyegzekwować zaległe alimenty na rzecz dziecka.
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Child maintenance arrears can be enforced by the court.
Child maintenance arrears can be enforced by the court.
Twoje saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym
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Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account. Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account. Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account
Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account. Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account. Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account
Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account. Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account. Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account
„Problem utworzenia państwa jest rozwiązywalny nawet dla narodu diabłów, o ile posiadają rozum.” — Immanuel Kant, Wieczny pokój
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The problem of establishing a state is soluble even for a nation of devils, provided they have reason.” — Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace (1795)
The problem of establishing a state is soluble even for a nation of devils, provided they have reason.” — Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace (1795)
The problem of establishing a state is soluble even for a nation of devils, provided they have reason.” — Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace (1795)
wpływać negatywnie, oddziaływać niekorzystnie, naruszać w sposób szkodliwy
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adversely affect
Opóźnienie może niekorzystnie wpłynąć na prawa powoda.
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The delay may adversely affect the claimant's rights
The delay may adversely affect the claimant's rights
Nowy warunek niekorzystnie wpłynie na sytuację wykonawcy.
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The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation.
The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation.
The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation.
negatywny wpływ, niekorzystny skutek
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adverse affect, adverse affect, adverse affect, adverse affect, adverse affect
adverse affect, adverse affect, adverse affect, adverse affect, adverse affect
adverse affect, adverse affect, adverse affect, adverse affect, adverse affect
niekorzystny, szkodliwy, niepożądany,
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adverse, adverse, adverse,
adverse, adverse, adverse
strona przeciwna
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adverse party
adverse party
zasiedzenie/ posiadanie wbrew prawu właściciela
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adverse possession
niekorzystny dowód
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adverse evidence, adverse evidence, adverse evidence, adverse evidence, adverse evidence,
adverse evidence, adverse evidence, adverse evidence, adverse evidence, adverse evidence,
adverse evidence, adverse evidence, adverse evidence, adverse evidence, adverse evidence,
interes sprzeczny z interesem innej strony
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adverse interest, adverse interest, adverse interest, adverse interest an interest that is contrary to the interest of another party
adverse interest, adverse interest, adverse interest, adverse interest an interest that is contrary to the interest of another party
adverse interest, adverse interest, adverse interest, adverse interest an interest that is contrary to the interest of another party
negatywna decyzja
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adverse decision
adverse decision
zeznanie
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testimony
przysięga
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a vow
obrona
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defense, defense, defence, defence
defense, defense, defence, defence
defense, defense, defence, defence
świadek
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a witness
podejrzany
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a suspect
winny
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guilty
kara
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penalty, punishment
niewinny
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innocent
prawnik
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a lawyer
ława przysięgłych
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a jury
karać
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to punish
sąd
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a court
przestępca
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a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender
a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender
wyrok
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a sentence
złodziej
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a thief
włamywacz
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a burglar
złodziej sklepowy
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a shoplifter
ofiara
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a victim
morderca
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a murderer
łamać prawo
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break the law, break the law, break the law
break the law, break the law, break the law
break the law, break the law, break the law
zabójca
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murderer
rabunek
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robbery
popełnić przestępstwo
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to commit a crime
włamać się
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to burgle
włamanie
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a burglary
proces sądowy
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trial
śledztwo
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investigation
niepewny
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insecure, insecure, insecure
insecure, insecure, insecure
niewidzialny
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invisible
zostać ukaranym
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be punished
aresztować
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to arrest
prawa zostały negatywnie naruszone
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the rights were adversely affected. the rights were adversely affected. the rights were adversely affected.
the rights were adversely affected. the rights were adversely affected. the rights were adversely affected.
the rights were adversely affected. the rights were adversely affected. the rights were adversely affected.
niekorzystnie wpływać na coś
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to adversely affect something
to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something
Przedłużająca się bezczynność organu niekorzystnie wpłynęła na prawa procesowe skarżącego.
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The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights.
The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights.
The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights.
niewłaściwe postępowanie o charakterze poważniejszym, naruszenie obowiązków, zasad, procedur lub prawa.
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misconduct, misconduct, misconduct, misconduct, misconduct, misconduct
misconduct, misconduct, misconduct, misconduct, misconduct, misconduct
misconduct, misconduct, misconduct, misconduct, misconduct, misconduct
pracownika zwolniono za poważne naruszenie obowiązków
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the employee was dismissed for misconduct
the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct.
the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct.
nadużycie funkcji publicznej
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misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office
misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office
nieprawidłowości finansowe
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financial misconduct, financial misconduct, financial misconduct
financial misconduct, financial misconduct, financial misconduct
Fakt istotny (prawnie doniosły)
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Material fact Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party. Material fact Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party.
Material fact Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party. Material fact Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party.
Material fact Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party. Material fact Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party.
Istotna okoliczność (bez doniosłości prawnej)
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SIGNIFICANT CIRCUMSTANCE Significant circumstance – an important circumstance, but not necessarily one that is legally decisive.
SIGNIFICANT CIRCUMSTANCE Significant circumstance – an important circumstance, but not necessarily one that is legally decisive.
„ prawo istnieje jako zwykły fakt i innymi słowy to, czym jest prawo, w żaden sposób nie zależy od tego, czym powinno być”.
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“The law exists as a plain fact, in other words, and what the law is in no way depends on what it should be.”
“Dworkin presents this statement as a description of the positivist position, not as his own thesis.”
“The law exists as a plain fact, in other words, and what the law is in no way depends on what it should be.”
narastać, kumulować
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accure
Odsetki ustawowe nadal narastają aż do dnia pełnej zapłaty.
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Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made. Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made. Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made.
Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made. Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made. Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made.
Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made. Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made. Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made.
Wszelkie niezapłacone opłaty będą podlegały naliczaniu odsetek według stawki umownej.
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Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate.
Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate.
stopa kredytu, oprocentowanie pożyczki
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loan rate, loan rate, loan rate, loan rate, loan rate
loan rate, loan rate, loan rate, loan rate,
loan rate, loan rate, loan rate, loan rate,
niewazny, nieskuteczny, niedopuszczalny, wadliwy
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no good
an informal way of saying not suitable or not acceptable
Ten dowód jest bezwartościowy / niedopuszczalny
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The evidence is no good.
The evidence is no good.
Umowa jest prawnie nieskuteczna.
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The contract is no good in law.
the contract is no good on law
brać pod uwagę zasady prawa
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pay attention to the principle of law, pay attention to the principle of law, pay attention to the principle of law, pay attention to the principle of law
pay attention to the principle of law, pay attention to the principle of law, pay attention to the principle of law, pay attention to the principle of law
pay attention to the principle of law, pay attention to the principle of law, pay attention to the principle of law, pay attention to the principle of law
stworzyć wiążący precedens
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to create a binding precedent, to create a binding precedent, to create a binding precedent,
to create a binding precedent, to create a binding precedent, to create a binding precedent,
to create a binding precedent, to create a binding precedent, to create a binding precedent,
uzasadnienie rozstrzygnięcia, RATIO DEDICENDI
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reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision
reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision
reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision
Zrozumienie argumentacji leżącej u podstaw rozstrzygnięcia jest konieczne do oceny jego zgodności z prawem.
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Understanding the reasoning behind the decision is essential for assessing its compliance with the applicable law.
Understanding the reasoning behind the decision is essential for assessing its compliance with the applicable law.
rażąca niesprawiedliwość
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Manifest injustice, manifest injustice, manifest injustice, manifest injustice
Manifest injustice, manifest injustice, manifest injustice, manifest injustice
Manifest injustice, manifest injustice, manifest injustice, manifest injustice
istotny dla / mający znaczenie dla / dotyczący / związany z
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relevant to, relevant to, relevant to
relevant to, relevant to, relevant to
Dokumenty te nie mają znaczenia dla ustalenia odpowiedzialności.
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These documents are not relevant to liability. These documents are not relevant to liability. These documents are not relevant to liability.
These documents are not relevant to liability. These documents are not relevant to liability. These documents are not relevant to liability.
These documents are not relevant to liability. These documents are not relevant to liability. These documents are not relevant to liability.
pisemne Oświadczenie złożone pod przysięga
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affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit
affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit
affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit
rażące wprowadzenie w błąd, rażące przekłamanie,
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gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation,
gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation,
gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation,
Sąd uznał, że postępowanie pozwanego stanowiło poważne wprowadzenie w błąd co do sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa.
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The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company.
The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company.
The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company.
Rażące wprowadzenie w błąd może być podstawą do odstąpienia od umowy.
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Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract.
Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract.
Muszę zgłosić sprzeciw. To zupełnie nie ma związku ze sprawą.
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I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue.
I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue.
I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue.
materialny, merytoryczny
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substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive
substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive
Czy poprawnie przedstawiłem Twoje stanowisko? Jeśli nie, chcę, żebyś je powtórzył.
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did I state your position correctly? if I did not state your position correctly I want you to restate.
did I state your position correctly? if I did not state your position correctly I want you to restate.
did I state your position correctly? if I did not state your position correctly I want you to restate.
niekorzystnie wpływać na coś, działać negatywnie.
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to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something,
to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something,
to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something,
dotkniętych negatywnymi skutkami
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affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effected
affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effected
affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effected
oferta wygasła
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the offer has lapsed, the offer has lapsed, the offer has lapsed
the offer has lapsed, the offer has lapsed, the offer has lapsed
the offer has lapsed, the offer has lapsed, the offer has lapsed
złożyć kontrpropozycję,
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to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make s counter offer
to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make s counter offer
to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make s counter offer
odwołać ofertę
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to revoke an offer, to revoke an offer, to revoke an offer, to revoke an offer
odwołać pełnomocnictwo,
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to revoke a power of attorney,
to revoke a power of attorney, to revoke a power of attorney, to revoke a power of attorney
świadczenie musi być wzajemne.
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Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal.
Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal.
Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal.
ponieść uszczerbek / doznać szkody
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to suffer a detriment. to suffer a detriment. to suffer a detriment
wykonać świadczenie wzajemne
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to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration,
to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration,
Każda ze stron musi wykonać świadczenie wzajemne jako warunek zawarcia wiążącej umowy.
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Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract.
Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract.
Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract.
wprowadzające w błąd sprawozdania finansowe skłoniło inwestora do zawarcia umowy.
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Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement. Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement.
Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement. Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement.
Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement. Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement.
Powód podnosił, że zachowanie sprzedawcy stanowiło rażące wprowadzenie w błąd.
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The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation. The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation.
The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation. The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation.
Powód jest uprawniony do otrzymania odsetek ustawowych.
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The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest.
The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest.
Jedynie pracownicy z co najmniej dwuletnim stażem kwalifikują się do odprawy
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Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay.
Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay.
Zasady są wymogami/ nakazami optymalizacyjnymi
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“Principles are optimization requirements, optimization commands." Robert Alexy
Sąd zażądał pisemnego oświadczenia złożonego pod przysięga potwierdzającego ustalenia faktyczne.
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The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case.
The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case.
Złożył fałszywy affidavit, co stanowi przestępstwo krzywoprzysięstwa.
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He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury.
He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury.
He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury.
procedura rozpatrywania skarg pracowniczych
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Grievance procedure, Grievance procedure, Grievance procedure, Grievance procedure
Grievance procedure, Grievance procedure, Grievance procedure, Grievance procedure
Grievance procedure, Grievance procedure, Grievance procedure, Grievance procedure
wypowiedzenie umowy o pracę przez pracownika
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letter of resignation
Niniejszym składam moje pismo rezygnacyjne z zachowaniem wymaganego okresu wypowiedzenia.
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I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period. I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period. I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period.
I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period. I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period. I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period.
I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period. I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period. I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period.
okres wypowiedzenia
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a notice period, a notice period, a notice period, a notice period
a notice period, a notice period, a notice period, a notice period
a notice period, a notice period, a notice period, a notice period
odprawa z tytułu zwolnienia
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redundancy payment, redundancy payment, redundancy payment, redundancy payment
redundancy payment, redundancy payment, redundancy payment, redundancy payment
redundancy payment, redundancy payment, redundancy payment, redundancy payment
umowa na czas określony
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a fixed term contract
wypowiedzenie z winy pracodawcy
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Constructive dismissal
niesprawiedliwe zwolnienie
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unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal
unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal
unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal
mieć roszczenie wobec pracodawcy
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to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer
to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer
kwalifikować się do zwolnienia warunkowego
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to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol
to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol
Kwalifikacja do warunkowego zwolnienia nie tworzy uprawnienia do zwolnienia,
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Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release.
Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release.
odsetki umowne za opóźnienie
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contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests,
contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests,
contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests,
zasada proporcjonalności w szerokim rozumieniu: test odpowiedniości, test konieczności, test proporcjonalności w sensie ścisłym
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proportionality principle in the board sense: the suitability test (appriopriateness test), the necessity test, the proportionality sensu stricto test (balancing test)
proportionality principle in the board sense: the suitability test (appriopriateness test), the necessity test, the proportionality sensu stricto test (balancing test)
Strony podjęły wobec siebie wzajemne zobowiązania na podstawie umowy.
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The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract.
The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract.
Obie strony wniosły wzajemne świadczenia.
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Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration.
Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration.
Z chwilą wykonania umowy powstają wzajemne prawa i obowiązki.
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Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed.
Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed.
uwięzienie, pozbawienie wolności, osadzenie w zakładzie karnym
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incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration
incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration
incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration
otrzymać odszkodowanie w przypadku naruszenia umowy
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to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract
to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract
to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract
wielokrotne nieterminowe płacenie doprowadziło do odstąpienia od umowy
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repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. Repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract.
repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. Repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract.
repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. Repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract.
podnosić zarzuty, twierdzenia, przedstawiać stanowisko (prawo cywilne)
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to plead, to plead, to plead
to plead, to plead, to plead
to plead, to plead, to plead
pisma procesowe, twierdzenia i zarzuty stron
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pleadings, pleadings, pleadings
pleadings, pleadings, pleadings
pleadings, pleadings, pleadings
Pozwany nie podniósł żadnej skutecznej (ważnej) linii obrony.
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The defendant failed to plead any valid defence. The defendant failed to plead any valid defence. The defendant failed to plead any valid defence.
The defendant failed to plead any valid defence. The defendant failed to plead any valid defence. The defendant failed to plead any valid defence.
The defendant failed to plead any valid defence. The defendant failed to plead any valid defence. The defendant failed to plead any valid defence.
Pełnomocnik umiejętnie przedstawił sprawę przed Sądem Najwyższym.
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Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court.
Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court.
PRZEDAWNIONY, objęty przedawnieniem
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TIME-BARRED, time-barred, time barred.
TIME-BARRED, time-barred, time-barred
Pozwany podniósł zarzut przedawnienia roszczenia.
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The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred. The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred. The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred.
The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred. The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred. The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred.
The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred. The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred. The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred.
Przedawnione zadłużenie nie może zostać wyegzekwowane przed sądem.
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A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court.
A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court.
Powództwo zostało oddalone jako przedawnione.
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The action was dismissed as time-barred. The claim was dismissed as time-barred.
roszczenie uległo przedawnieniu
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the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred,
the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred,
naruszyć cudzą własność / wkroczyć bez uprawnienia na cudzy teren (lub w cudzą sferę prawną)
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To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone. To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone.
To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone. To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone.
„Wtargnięcie” oznacza bezprawne naruszenie czyjejś własności, dóbr lub osobistej autonomii.
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“To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy. “To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy.
“To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy.“To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy.
bezprawne naruszenie nietykalności osobistej
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Trespass to the person, trespass to the person, trespass to the person
Trespass to the person, trespass to the person, trespass to the person
Trespass to the person, trespass to the person, trespass to the person
bezprawne wtargniecie na cudzy grunt
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trespass to land, trespass to the land, trespass to land
trespass to land, trespass to the land, trespass to land
trespass to land, trespass to the land, trespass to land
Wejście na nieruchomość bez zgody właściciela stanowi naruszenie miru domowego / bezprawne wtargnięcie.
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trespass to land. trespass to land. trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land.
trespass to land. trespass to land. trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land.
delikt polegający na wywołaniu u innej osoby uzasadnionej obawy przed natychmiastową przemocą fizyczną.
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The tort of assault – a tort of causing another person to have a reasonable fear of immediate physical violence.
wypowiedź zniesławiająca / pomawiająca, czyli taka, która obiektywnie szkodzi reputacji danej osoby.
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Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement,
Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement,
Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement,
Artykuł zawierał zniesławiające oświadczenie, zarzucające powodowi nadużycia zawodowe.
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The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct. The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct.
The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct. The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct.
zniesławienie, pomówienie
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Defamation, defamation, defamation, defamation
Defamation, defamation, defamation, defamation
Defamation, defamation, defamation, defamation
nieprawdziwość / fałszywość (w sensie prawnym.
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Falsity, Falsity, Falsity Falsity, Falsity, falsity, falsity, falsity
falsity, falsity, falsity, falsity, falsity
Falsity, falsity, falsity, falsity, falsity, falsity
Bank może wypowiedzieć limit debetowy, jeżeli klient narusza umowę rachunku.
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The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. OVERDRAFT FACILITY, OVERDRAFT FACILITY
The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. OVERDRAFT FACILITY, OVERDRAFT FACILITY
Sprawiedliwość spóźniona to odmówienie sprawiedliwości.
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Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied.
Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied.
zniesławienie w formie trwałej
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label, label, label (publishing the defamatory statement in a permanent form) (permanent defamation)
label, label, label (publishing the defamatory statement in a permanent form) (permanent defamation)
Zamieszczanie zniesławiających komentarzy w mediach społecznościowych może stanowić zniesławienie
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Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel.
Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel.
Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel.
umyślne i bezprawne fizyczne naruszenie integralności cielesnej innej osoby.
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Battery, Battery, Battery, Battery
battery, battery, battery, battery, battery, battery, battery, battery
Battery wymaga rzeczywistego kontaktu fizycznego, podczas gdy assault może wystąpić bez dotknięcia ofiary.
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Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim. Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim.
Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim. Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim.
Sąd musi ustalić, czy zdarzenie było rozsądnie przewidywalnym skutkiem zachowania pozwanego.
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The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct. The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct.
The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct. The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct.
The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct. The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct.
Pozwany ponosi odpowiedzialność wyłącznie za straty, które były rozsądnie przewidywalne w chwili naruszenia.
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The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach.
The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach.
The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach.
roszczenie, które może być dochodzone na drodze prawnej/ roszczenie nadające się do skutecznego dochodzenia przed sądem
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actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim,
actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim,
actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim,
czyn niedozwolony stanowiący podstawę powództwa
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actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong,
actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong,
naruszenie stanowiące podstawę powództwa
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actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach,
actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach,
szkoda rodząca odpowiedzialność
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actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage,
actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage,
actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage,
wprowadzające w błąd oświadczenie stanowiące podstawę odpowiedzialności
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actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation,
actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation,
actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation,
niedbalstwo rodzące odpowiedzialność
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negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability
negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability
zachowanie stanowiące podstawę powództwa
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actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct,
actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct,
actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct,
zaniechanie rodzące odpowiedzialność prawną, zaskarżalne zaniechanie
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actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission
actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission
actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission
naruszenie / ingerencja dająca podstawę powództwa, dająca podstawę do dochodzenia roszczeń
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actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference,
efekt odstraszający
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deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect
deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect
deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect
odstraszający od przestępstwa
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deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime,
deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime,
typ odpowiedzialności deliktowej, rodzaj deliktu
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heads of tort
główny sprawca czynu niedozwolonego
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primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor
primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor
primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor
współsprawca czynu niedozwolonego
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joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor
joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor
joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor
ścigać sprawcę czynu niedozwolonego, dochodzić roszczeń przeciwko sprawcy deliktu / podjąć działania prawne wobec sprawcy czynu niedozwolonego.
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to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor,
to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor,
bezzwłocznie, szybko, bez zbędnej zwłoki, natychmiast
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forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith
forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith
zapłacić natychmiast
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to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith
to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith
natychmiast zastosować się do
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to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith
to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith
to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith
dostarczyć dokumenty niezwłocznie
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to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith
to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith
działać natychmiast, działać niezwłocznie, bezzębnej zwłoki
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to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith
to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith
natychmiast opuścić lokal
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to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith,
to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith,
przez cały okres, w którym..., tak długo, jak..., w czasie, gdy..., w czasie trwania okresu
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during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
przez cały okres w którym umowa pozostaje w mocy
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during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force
during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force
przez cały okres, gdy obowiązek nadal istnieje
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during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist
during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist
w niedalekiej przyszłości
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in the near future
Prawo deliktów to gałąź prawa, która reguluje odpowiedzialność cywilną za wyrządzenie szkody.
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The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs
The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs
czyn niedozwolony
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civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong
civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong
dokonać naruszenia prawa cywilnego
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to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong
to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong
to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong
Podstawowym celem prawa deliktów jest zapewnienie środka ochrony prawnej osobom, które zostały pokrzywdzone działaniami innych.
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The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others. The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others.
The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others. The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others.
środek ochrony prawnej
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remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy,
remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy,
krzywdzić kogoś, wyrządzić komuś krzywdę
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to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody
to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody
to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody
Wyrządził jej krzywdę, publikując nieprawdziwe informacje.
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He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements.
He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements.
Być odpowiedzialnym za krzywdy/ szkody wyrządzone innym
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To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others,
To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others,
To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others,
Osoba może ponosić odpowiedzialność za wyrządzenie szkody innym, jeżeli jej niedbalstwo spowodowało szkodę.
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A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm. A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm.
A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm. A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm.
naprawiać krzywdę, zadośćuczynić
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redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress,
redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress,
rekompensata lub środek naprawczy przysługujący za naruszenie prawa.
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Redress, Redress Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong.
Redress, Redress Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong.
naruszać obowiązek staranności
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to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care
to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care
udowodnienie szkody, wykazanie szkodyv
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prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm
prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm
Delikt jest czynem niedozwolonym rodzącym odpowiedzialność cywilną.
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Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred.
Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred.
Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred.
Klauzula jest zbyt niejasna, aby można ją było wyegzekwować.
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The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable.
The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable.
The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable.
tort to czyn niedozwolony, powodujący odpowiedzialność cywilną
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a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred
a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred
a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred
interesy podlegające ochronie prawnej
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a protected interest, a protected interest, a protected interests, a protected interests
a protected interest, a protected interest, a protected interests, a protected interests
zachowanie przestępcze, bezprawne działanie
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wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing
wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing
wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing
niezwłocznie, bezzwłocznie, bez żadnej zbędnej zwłoki.
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forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith
forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith
niedbalstwo, niestaranność, zaniedbanie
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negligence, negligence, negligence
negligence, negligence, negligence
negligence, negligence, negligence
zaniedbanie nie zakłada zamiaru
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negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend
negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend
negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend
zaniedbanie nie jest celowe
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negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional,
negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional,
racjonalną (rozsądną) przewidywalność skutku, ocenianą z perspektywy „rozsądnej osoby”
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rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person.
rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person.
rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person.
bliskość
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proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity,
proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity,
Pozwać kogoś z powodu zaniedbania.
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To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence.
To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence.
Obowiązek należytej staranności powstaje, gdy szkoda jest rozsądnie przewidywalna.
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A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable.
A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable.
Szkoła nie wykonała ciążącego na niej obowiązku należytej staranności wobec uczniów.
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The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students
The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students
The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students
Pozwać kogoś z powodu bezprawnego pozbawienia wolności.
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To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment.
To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment.
To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment.
pozwać kogoś z powodu naruszenia nietykalności cielesnej
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to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery
to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery
to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery
Podstawową kategorią czynów niedozwolonych, do których zalicza się bezprawne pozbawienie wolności, napaść i pobicie, jest wtargnięcie na cudzy teren.
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The head of tort that includes false imprisonment, assault, and battery is trespass to the person.
pozwać kogoś z powodu zniesławienia
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to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander,
to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander,
to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander,
wytoczyć przeciwko komuś powództwo z tytułu zniesławienia w formie pisemnej
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to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel,
to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel,
to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel,
„Przewidywalne” oznacza, że skutki mojego działania są możliwe do przewidzenia
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foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable
foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable
foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable
Czy pozwany naruszył obowiązek zachowania ostrożności?
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Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care?
Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care?
Nie jestem zobowiązany do zachowania należytej staranności wobec każdego i w każdych okolicznościach.
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I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances.
I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances.
W prawie deliktowym obowiązek zachowania ostrożności nie ma charakteru absolutnego
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In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute.
In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute.
In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute.
Wytoczyć powództwo przeciwko komuś z tytułu zaniedbania (deliktu niedbalstwa).
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To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence,
To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence,
odstraszający, zniechęcający
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deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent,
deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent,
deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent,
być winnym niedbałego postępowania
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to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct,
to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct,
Sąd uznał, że wykonawca byl winny niedbałego działania podczas realizacji umowy.
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The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract.
The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract.
The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract.
mieć prawo do zadośćuczynienia/odszkodowania
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to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress,
wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing
to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress,
mieć wobec kogoś obowiązek zachowanie należytej staranności
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to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody
to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody
to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody
Odległe szkody to straty, których nie można w racjonalny sposób przewidzieć jako konsekwencji zachowania pozwanego i które w związku z tym nie podlegają odszkodowaniu.
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Remote damages are losses that are not reasonably foreseeable as a consequence of the defendant’s conduct and therefore fall outside the scope of compensable harm.
Szkody odległe nie podlegają odpowiedzialności pozwanego.
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Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability.
Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability.
Sąd zbadał finansowe skutki zaniedbania pozwanego.
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The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence.
The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence.
The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence.
Skutki naruszenia spowodowały, że powód musiał ponieść znaczne koszty naprawcze.
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The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath, the aftermath
The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath, the aftermath
następstwa, skutki czegoś
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aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of,
aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of,
dowód ustny (z zeznań)
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oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence
oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence
Ponieważ zniesławienie pisemne jest deliktem zaskarżonym per se, podstawa nie musi wykazywać rzeczywistych szkód.
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Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage.
Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage.
W przeciwieństwie do slander, libel jest zaskarżalny per se ze względu na trwały i szkodliwy charakter.
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Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature.
Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature.
Niedbałe zachowanie
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Negligent behaviour negligent behaviour: careless behaviour that is likely to cause harm to another person. negligent behaviour: careless behaviour that is likely to cause harm to another person. negligent behaviour.
zadośćuczynienie oznacza to samo co odszkodowanie
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redress means the same as compensation
szkoda odległa: szkoda, której pozwany nie mógł rozsądnie przewidzieć
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remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee
remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee
remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee
przyjęcie oferty nie może nastąpić milczeniem
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acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence.
acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence.
miesięczne wyciągi (bankowe) miesięczne zestawienia
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monthly statements, monthly statements, monthly statements, monthly statements
monthly statements, monthly statements, monthly statements, monthly statement
monthly statements, monthly statements, monthly statements, monthly statement
Saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym.
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Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account.
Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account.
Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account.
wpłacać pieniądze
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to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account
to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account
to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account
Rachunek bieżący to rachunek bankowy, z którego możesz korzystać w dowolnym momencie.
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a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time. a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time.
a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time. a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time.
a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time. a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time.
Bank odmówił realizacji czeku wystawionego przez pozwanego.
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The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant.
The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant.
The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant.
wystawić czek
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to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque — to formally create and sign a cheque, thereby instructing a bank to pay a specified sum of money to a named payee from the issuer’s account.
to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque — to formally create and sign a cheque, thereby instructing a bank to pay a specified sum of money to a named payee from the issuer’s account.
w skodyfikowanych systemach prawa słowa mają jasne definicje.
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in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions.
in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions.
in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions.
Umowa ulega rozwiązaniu ze skutkiem natychmiastowym.
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the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith.
the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith.
the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith.
w niedalekiej przyszłości, w niedalekiej przyszłości, w niedalekiej przyszłości, w niedalekiej przyszłości,
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in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon
in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon
in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon
w czasie, gdy / podczas, w czasie, gdy
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during such time as / while, during such time as /, during such time as / while, during such time as / during such time as
during such time as / while, during such time as /, during such time as / while, during such time as / during such time as
during such time as / while, during such time as /, during such time as / while, during such time as / during such time as
w czasie obowiązywania niniejszej umowy strony uzgodniły następujące warunki.
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during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms.
during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms.
during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms.
w przypadku naruszenia umowy/jeśli doszło do naruszenia umowy
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in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract
in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract
in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract
nie mniej niż/przynajmniej,
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not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least,
not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least,
not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least,
jednakże, jednakowoż, chociaż, pomimo, niezależnie od
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notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding notwithstanding
notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding notwithstanding
notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding notwithstanding
Skoro, o tyle o ile, w takim zakresie w jakim, ponieważ, z tego względu że
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inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as
inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as
inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as
Zgadzam się podpisać tę umowę pomimo faktu, że mam pewne wątpliwości co do możliwości dostarczenia mi towaru w terminie
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I Agree to sign this contract notwithstanding the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date
I Agree to sign this contract notwithstanding the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date
I Agree to sign this contract notwithstanding the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date
Niezależnie od jakichkolwiek innych postanowień niniejszej Umowy, niniejszy paragraf ma pierwszeństwo w przypadku jakiejkolwiek niezgodności lub kolizji przepisów.
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Section shall prevail in the event of any inconsistency or conflict.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Section shall prevail in the event of any inconsistency or conflict.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Section shall prevail in the event of any inconsistency or conflict.
Niezależnie od powyższego, Dostawca nie ponosi odpowiedzialności za szkody pośrednie, następcze ani represyjne.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages.
Niezależnie od § 5, Klient nie jest zobowiązany do uzyskania uprzedniej zgody Wykonawcy w sprawach nagłych.
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Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters.
Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters.
Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters.
Niezależnie od wystąpienia siły wyższej, każda ze Stron podejmie uzasadnione działania w celu ograniczenia skutków opóźnienia.
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Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay.
Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay.
Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay.
do czasu aż, gdy = do
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until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as,
until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as,
until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as,
Płatność zostanie wstrzymana do czasu, aż Zamawiający zweryfikuje kompletność robót.
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Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works.
Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works.
Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works.
Nie było zaniedbania ze strony pozwanego.
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There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant.
There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant.
There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant.
w niedalekiej przyszłości / wkrótce
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in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon,
in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon,
w chwili obecnej / teraz
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at the present time, at the present time, at the present time, at the present time
at the present time, at the present time, at the present time, at the present time
at the present time, at the present time, at the present time, at the present time
w przypadku/jeśli
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in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if
in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if
in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if
ze strony jego rodziców
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on the part of his parents
ze strony/ przez
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on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by
on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by
on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by
nie mniej niż/co najmniej,
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not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least
not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least
not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least
przed, zanim
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prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to
prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to
prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to
przed podpisaniem / wykonaniem umowy,
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prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement
prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement
prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement
z zastrzeżeniem, uzależnione od, podlega
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subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to,
subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to,
subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to,
Z zastrzeżeniem ust. 10, Wykonawca...
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Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall...
Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall...
Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall...
Płatność jest uzależniona od dostarczenia faktury.
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Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice... Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice.
Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice... Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice.
Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice... Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice.
Umowa podlega prawu polskiemu.
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The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. the Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law.
The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. the Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law.
The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. the Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law.
przed rozpoczęciem prac,
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prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works
prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works
prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works
przed dostawą / wykonaniem,
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prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance
prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance
prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance
przed datą wejścia w życie
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prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date
prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date
prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date
przed czymś, uprzednio do
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prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth.
prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth.
prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth.
Przed wystawieniem faktury.
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Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice.
Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice.
Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice.
Przed rozpoczęciem wykonania świadczenia
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Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance.
Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance.
Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance.
Czy cena towaru zawiera podatek?
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Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?”
Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?”
Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?”
włączając w to, uwzględniając, zawierając
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inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of
inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of
Opłata obejmuje wszystkie koszty administracyjne.
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The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges.
The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges.
The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges.
„wskazany”, „odniesiony do”, „o którym mowa”, „do którego się odwołano”.
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referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to
referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to
referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to
zajmuje się prowadzeniem własnej działalności gospodarczej
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he is engaged in running his own business. he is engaged in running his own business. he is engaged in running his own business. he is engaged in running his own business
he is engaged in running his own business. he is engaged in running his own business. he is engaged in running his own business. he is engaged in running his own business
he is engaged in running his own business. he is engaged in running his own business. he is engaged in running his own business. he is engaged in running his own business
Być zaangażowanym w” oznacza „zajmować się”, „uczestniczyć w”, „prowadzić działalność w zakresie”, „być zaangażowanym w”.
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To be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in
To be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in
To be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in
Opłata serwisowa za utrzymanie obejmuje aktualizacje oprogramowania i poprawki bezpieczeństwa.
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The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches.
The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches.
The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches.
definicyjna część umowy
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defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section
defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section
defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section
Wszystkie płatności będą dokonywane zgodnie z postanowieniami wcześniejszej umowy.
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All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement.
All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement.
All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement.
To jest istotny warunek umowy.
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This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement.
This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement.
This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement.
Pierwotny okres obowiązywania niniejszej umowy wynosi 12 miesięcy.
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The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months.
The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months.
The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months.
złożyć wypowiedzenie
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to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, toto give notice of termination give notice of termination,
to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, toto give notice of termination give notice of termination,
to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, toto give notice of termination give notice of termination,
powiadomić, zawiadomić (formalnie)
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to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice
to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice
to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice
zakup, zamówienie
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procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something.
procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something.
procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something.
zamówienia publiczne
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public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement
public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement
public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement
zobowiązania umowne, przedsięwzięcie, przeds
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undertaking, undertaking, undertaking, undertaking, undertaking,
undertaking, undertaking, undertaking, undertaking, undertaking,
undertaking, undertaking, undertaking, undertaking, undertaking,
zobowiązać się do wykonania,
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undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform
undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform
zobowiązania umowne
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contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings
contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings
contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings
eksperci wyznaczeni przez stronę
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party appointed experts
biegły sądowy
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court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert
court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert
court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert
pisemne oświadczenie złożone pod przysięgą,
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a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony,
a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony,
a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony,
postępowania ewidentnie bezzasadne
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manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings,
manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings,
manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings,
„dotychczas”, „do tej pory”, „jak dotąd”, „wcześniej w niniejszym dokumencie / stanie faktycznym”.
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heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore,
heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore,
heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore,
Wszelkie prawa dotychczas przyznane Licencjobiorcy niniejszym wygasają.
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All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated.
All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated.
All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated.
Zobowiązania nałożone dotychczas na Wykonawcę pozostają w pełnej mocy.
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The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect.
The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect.
The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect.
dzień po tym, jak wydawca otrzyma gwarancję, że martwe dzieło zostanie wykonane na Florydzie i opublikowane przez inną firmę lub osobę
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day after guarantees to the publisher the dead do work is here to Florida and published by any other company or individual
autor gwarantuje wydawcy, że jego praca nie była dotychczas publikowana przez żadną inną firmę ani osobę. (wcześniej).
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the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. (previously). the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual.
the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. (previously). the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. previously
nieruchomość dotychczas znana jako Downing House zostaje przemianowana na Appleby House
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the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House
the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House
the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House
„Niezależnie od powyższego / bez względu na to, co podano wyżej / pomimo wcześniejszych postanowień”.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing,
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing,
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing,
sprawiedliwy proces, rzetelny proces
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fair trial, due process of law
niniejszym, tym samym
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hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby
hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby
hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby
niniejszym oświadczam
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hereby I declare, hereby l declare, hereby l declare,
hereby I declare, hereby l declare, hereby l declare,
hereby I declare, hereby l declare, hereby l declare,
Niniejszym przyjmuję Twoją ofertę.
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hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer
hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer
hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer
niniejszym, przez niniejszy dokument
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hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby
hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby,
herbaty, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby,
w niniejszym dokumencie, w tym miejscu,
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herein herein, herein, herein, herein, herein
herein herein, herein, herein, herein, herein
herein herein, herein, herein, herein, herein
jak przewidziano w niniejszym dokumencie, zgodnie z postanowieniami niniejszego dokumentu
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as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein
as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein
as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein
cena podana w niniejszym dokumencie jest ostateczna i nie podlega negocjacjom.
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the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is the final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable.
the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is the final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable.
the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is the final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable.
przestrzegać prawa
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to uphold the law, to uphold the law, to uphold the law, to uphold the law, to uphold the law
to uphold the law, to uphold the law, to uphold the law, to uphold the law, to uphold the law
to uphold the law, to uphold the law, to uphold the law, to uphold the law, to uphold the law
utrzymać w mocy, potwierdzić ważność
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uphold, uphold, uphold,
uphold, uphold, uphold,
uphold, uphold, uphold,
Sąd Apelacyjny podtrzymał wyrok sądu pierwszej instancji.
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The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court.
The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court.
The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court.
podtrzymywać zasady / wartości / standardy
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to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards
to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards,
to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards
utrzymać w nocy wyrok, orzeczenie, decyzję
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to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision,
to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision,
dalej zwane
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hereinafter referred to as, hereafter referred to as, hereafter referred to as, hereafter referred to as
hereinafter referred to as, hereafter referred to as, hereafter referred to as, hereafter referred to as
hereinafter referred to as, hereafter referred to as, hereafter referred to as, hereafter referred to as
zwane dalej łącznie w niniejszej umowie stronami
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hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties,
hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties,
hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties,
zwana dalej, zwana dalej,
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hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called
hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called
hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called
poniżej, poniżej
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hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, below
hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, below
hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, below
na podstawie wniosku o przedłużenie umowy / na mocy wydania dokumentu / wynikającego z konieczności stosowania”
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hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder
hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder
hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder
przez to, w ten sposób, tym samym, w konsekwencji tego działania
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thereby, thereby, thereby, thereby thereby thereby (as a result of this),
thereby, thereby, thereby, thereby thereby thereby (as a result of this),
thereby, thereby, thereby, thereby thereby thereby (as a result of this),
Twój klient podpisał umowę i w ten sposób wszedł w wiążącą umowę.
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your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement.
your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement.
your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement.
nieprecyzyjne, niejasne i asekuracyjne sformułowanie
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weasel weasel, weasel word, weasel word
weasel weasel, weasel word, weasel word
weasel weasel, weasel word, weasel word
Tergiwersacja to celowe unikanie jasnej i bezpośredniej odpowiedzi poprzez stosowanie niejasnych, dwuznacznych lub zmieniających się stwierdzeń.
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Tergiversation is the deliberate avoidance of a clear or direct answer by using vague, ambiguous, or shifting statements. Tergiversation is the deliberate avoidance of a clear or direct answer by using vague, ambiguous, or shifting statements.
Tergiversation is the deliberate avoidance of a clear or direct answer by using vague, ambiguous, or shifting statements. Tergiversation is the deliberate avoidance of a clear or direct answer by using vague, ambiguous, or shifting statements.
Tergiversation is the deliberate avoidance of a clear or direct answer by using vague, ambiguous, or shifting statements. Tergiversation is the deliberate avoidance of a clear or direct answer by using vague, ambiguous, or shifting statements.
zapłata zaległości
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payment of arrears, payment of arrears, payment of arrears, payment of arrears,
payment of arrears, payment of arrears, payment of arrears, payment of arrears,
payment of arrears, payment of arrears, payment of arrears, payment of arrears, payment of arrears, payment of arrears,
potwierdzić zeznania
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to corroborate testimony, to corroborate testimony, to corroborate testimony, to corroborate testimony,
to corroborate testimony, to corroborate testimony, to corroborate testimony, to corroborate testimony,
to corroborate testimony, to corroborate testimony, to corroborate testimony, to corroborate testimony,
poprzeć twierdzenie / zarzut
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to corroborate a claim/allegation, to corroborate a claim/allegation, to corroborate a claim/allegation, to corroborate a claim/allegation
to corroborate a claim/allegation, to corroborate a claim/allegation, to corroborate a claim/allegation, to corroborate a claim/allegation
to corroborate a claim/allegation, to corroborate a claim/allegation, to corroborate a claim/allegation, to corroborate a claim/allegation
być potwierdzonym przez
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to be corroborated by, to be corroborated by, to be corroborated by, to be corroborated by,
to be corroborated by, to be corroborated by, to be corroborated by, to be corroborated by,
to be corroborated by, to be corroborated by, to be corroborated by, to be corroborated by,
potwierdzić dowód
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to corroborate evidence, to corroborate evidence, to corroborate evidence, to corroborate evidence,
to corroborate evidence, to corroborate evidence, to corroborate evidence, to corroborate evidence,
w nim, w niej, w tym dokumencie / akcie / umowie.
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therein, therein, therein, therein, therein, therein, therein
therein, therein, therein, therein, therein, therein, therein
therein, therein, therein, therein, therein, therein, therein
Sąd odniósł się do dowodów w nim zawartych
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The Court referred to the evidence contained therein. The Court referred to the evidence contained therein. The Court referred to the evidence contained therein.
The Court referred to the evidence contained therein. The Court referred to the evidence contained therein. The Court referred to the evidence contained therein.
The Court referred to the evidence contained therein. The Court referred to the evidence contained therein. The Court referred to the evidence contained therein.
Obowiązki w nim określone są wiążące dla Stron.
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The obligations set forth therein shall be binding upon the Parties. The obligations set forth therein shall be binding upon the Parties. The obligations set forth therein shall be binding upon the Parties.
The obligations set forth therein shall be binding upon the Parties. The obligations set forth therein shall be binding upon the Parties. The obligations set forth therein shall be binding upon the Parties.
The obligations set forth therein shall be binding upon the Parties. The obligations set forth therein shall be binding upon the Parties. The obligations set forth therein shall be binding upon the Parties.
wynajęta nieruchomość i znajdujące się w niej meble
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the rented property and furniture contained therein. the rented property and furniture contained therein. the rented property and furniture contained therein.
the rented property and furniture contained therein. the rented property and furniture contained therein. the rented property and furniture contained therein.
the rented property and furniture contained therein. the rented property and furniture contained therein. the rented property and furniture contained therein.
na nim, na niej, na tym (fizycznie lub prawnie).
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thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon
thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon
thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon, thereon
grunt i wszelkie obciążenia na nim
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the land and any encumbrances thereon, the land and any encumbrances thereon, the land and any encumbrances thereon,
the land and any encumbrances thereon, the land and any encumbrances thereon, the land and any encumbrances thereon,
the land and any encumbrances thereon, the land and any encumbrances thereon, the land and any encumbrances thereon,
podpisy widniejąca na nim
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the signatures appearing thereon, the signatures appearing thereon, the signatures appearing thereon, the signatures appearing thereon,
the signatures appearing thereon, the signatures appearing thereon, the signatures appearing thereon, the signatures appearing thereon,
the signatures appearing thereon, the signatures appearing thereon, the signatures appearing thereon, the signatures appearing thereon,
w dalszej części tego dokumentu / dalej w nim.
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thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter,
thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter,
thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter, thereinafter,
do tego, do tego”, „w związku z tym”, „do wskazanego dokumentu/przedmiotu”
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thereto, thereto, thereto, thereto, thereto,
thereto, thereto, thereto, thereto, thereto,
thereto, thereto, thereto, thereto, thereto,
Kupujący zapłaci cenę oraz wszelkie podatki z tym związane.
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The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price and all taxes thereto. The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price and all taxes thereto. The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price and all taxes thereto.
The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price and all taxes thereto. The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price and all taxes thereto. The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price and all taxes thereto.
The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price and all taxes thereto. The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price and all taxes thereto. The Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price and all taxes thereto.
ustawę należy interpretować zgodnie z jej jasnym / dosłownym znaczeniem
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The statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning. The statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning. The statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning.
The statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning. The statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning. The statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning.
The statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning. The statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning. The statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning.
Pozwany rzekomo naruszył umowę.
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The defendant purportedly breached the contract. The defendant purportedly breached the contract. The defendant purportedly breached the contract. The defendant purportedly breached the contract.
The defendant purportedly breached the contract. The defendant purportedly breached the contract. The defendant purportedly breached the contract. The defendant purportedly breached the contract.
The defendant purportedly breached the contract. The defendant purportedly breached the contract. The defendant purportedly breached the contract. The defendant purportedly breached the contract.
Powód twierdzi, że pozwany rzekomo nie dochował należytej staranności, co miało spowodować szkodę po stronie powoda.
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The claimant alleges that the defendant purportedly failed to exercise reasonable care, thereby causing the claimant’s loss. The claimant alleges that the defendant purportedly failed to exercise reasonable care, thereby causing the claimant’s loss.
The claimant alleges that the defendant purportedly failed to exercise reasonable care, thereby causing the claimant’s loss. The claimant alleges that the defendant purportedly failed to exercise reasonable care, thereby causing the claimant’s loss.
The claimant alleges that the defendant purportedly failed to exercise reasonable care, thereby causing the claimant’s loss. The claimant alleges that the defendant purportedly failed to exercise reasonable care, thereby causing the claimant’s loss.
Umowę ustną zawarto, gdy strony uzgodniły istotne postanowienia.
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An oral contract was formed when the parties agreed on the essential terms. An oral contract was formed when the parties agreed on the essential terms. An oral contract was formed when the parties agreed on the essential terms.
An oral contract was formed when the parties agreed on the essential terms. An oral contract was formed when the parties agreed on the essential terms. An oral contract was formed when the parties agreed on the essential terms.
An oral contract was formed when the parties agreed on the essential terms. An oral contract was formed when the parties agreed on the essential terms. An oral contract was formed when the parties agreed on the essential terms.
preambuła, postanowienia wstępne, motywy
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recitals, recitals, recitals, recitals
recitals, recitals, recitals, recitals
recitals, recitals, recitals, recitals
postanowienia merytoryczne postanowienia zasadnicze część normatywna umowy
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operative provisions, operative provisions, operative provisions, operative provisions, operative provisions
operative provisions, operative provisions, operative provisions, operative provisions, operative provisions
operative provisions, operative provisions, operative provisions, operative provisions, operative provisions
sporządzić umowę, sporządzić umowę, sporządzić umowę, sporządzić umowę, sporządzić umowę
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to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract
to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract
to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract
sporządzić umowę od podstaw, sporządzić umowę od podstaw, sporządzić umowę od podstaw
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to draft the contract from scratch, to draft the contract from scratch, to draft the contract from scratch
to draft the contract from scratch, to draft the contract from scratch, to draft the contract from scratch
to draft the contract from scratch, to draft the contract from scratch, to draft the contract from scratch
sekcja zdefiniowanych terminów (definicje), sekcja zdefiniowanych terminów (definicje), sekcja zdefiniowanych terminów (definicje)
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defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section
defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section
defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section
trwałość prawa, ciągłość prawa
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persistence of law
istotna kwestia
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salient issue
element odróżniający (np. wzór przemysłowy, znak towarowy)
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distinctive element, distinctive element, distinctive element, distinctive element
distinctive element, distinctive element, distinctive element
treść główna część zasadnicza, zawierająca wiążące postanowienia,
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the main body / operative part / operative provisions. the main body / operative part / operative provisions. the main body / operative part / operative provisions.
the main body / operative part / operative provisions. the main body / operative part / operative provisions. the main body / operative part / operative provisions.
the main body / operative part / operative provisions. the main body / operative part / operative provisions. the main body / operative part / operative provisions.
warunki umowy
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the terms of the contract
czas trwania umowy
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duration of a contract
klauzula poufności
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confidentiality clause, confidentiality clause
klauzula o nieujawnianiu
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non-disclosure clause, non-disclosure clause, non-disclosure clause
non-disclosure clause, non-disclosure clause, non-disclosure clause
non-disclosure clause, non-disclosure clause, non-disclosure clause
formalnie zlecić wykonanie określonego dzieła, usługi lub projektu
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to formally commission the performance of a specific work, service or project. to formally commission the performance of a specific work, service or project. to formally commission the performance of a specific work, service or project.
to formally commission the performance of a specific work, service or project. to formally commission the performance of a specific work, service or project. to formally commission the performance of a specific work, service or project.
to formally commission the performance of a specific work, service or project. to formally commission the performance of a specific work, service or project. to formally commission the performance of a specific work, service or project.
Zamawiający niniejszym zleca Wykonawcy wykonanie Usług opisanych w Załączniku nr 1.
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The Client hereby commissions the Contractor to perform the Services described in Schedule 1.
dzieło w rozumieniu prawa autorskiego
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the creative work
mieć prawa autorskie do dzieła
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to have copyrights in creative work
nieważny
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invalid, invalid, invalid, invalid, invalid, invalid
invalid, invalid, invalid, Invalid, invalid
invalid, invalid, invalid, invalid
czas określony
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fixed term
termin nieokreślony
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indefinite term, indefinite term, indefinite term, indefinite term, indefinite term,
indefinite term, indefinite term, indefinite term, indefinite term, indefinite term,
indefinite term, indefinite term, indefinite term, indefinite term, indefinite term,
okres początkowy
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initial term
Początkowy okres obowiązywania umowy rozpoczyna się z datą wejścia w życie.
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The initial term shall commence on the Effective Date.
towary łatwo psujące się
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perishable goods, perishable goods, perishable goods, perishable goods,
perishable goods, perishable goods, perishable goods, perishable goods
towar
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merchandise, merchandise, merchandise, merchandise
We sold all the merchandise. We sold all the merchandise. We sold all the merchandise. We sold all the merchandise
We sold all the merchandise. We sold all the merchandise. We sold all the merchandise. We sold all the merchandise
numer seryjny
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serial number, serial number, serial number
serial number, serial number, serial number
serial number, serial number, serial number
zapłacić za towar w sześciu równych ratach miesięcznych
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to pay for the goods in six equal monthly installments
przechowywać towary/ magazynować towary
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to store the goods, to store the goods, to store the goods, to store the goods, to store the goods
to store the goods, to store the goods, to store the goods, to store the goods, to store the goods
to store the goods, to store the goods, to store the goods, to store the goods, to store the goods
Zawiadomienie musi być sporządzone na piśmie.
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the notice must be in writing. the notice must be in writing. the notice must be in writing. the notice must be in writing.
the notice must be in writing. the notice must be in writing. the notice must be in writing. the notice must be in writing.
dopuścić się istotnego naruszenia umowy.
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to commit a material breach of a contract. to commit a material breach of a contract. to commit a material breach of a contract.
to commit a material breach of a contract. to commit a material breach of a contract. to commit a material breach of a contract.
to commit a material breach of a contract. to commit a material breach of a contract. to commit a material breach of a contract.
poszkodowany
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the injured party. the injured party. the injured party. the injured party.
the injured party. the injured party. the injured party. the injured party.
the injured party. the injured party. the injured party. the injured party.
nieistotne naruszenie umowy
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insignificant breach of a contract, insignificant breach of a contract, insignificant breach of a contract
insignificant breach of a contract, insignificant breach of a contract, insignificant breach of a contract
insignificant breach of a contract, insignificant breach of a contract, insignificant breach of a contract
racjonalna (rozsądna) przewidywalność skutku,
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rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect,
rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect,
rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect,
powstrzymanie się od egzekwowania czynszu
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forbearance from enforcing rent payment, forbearance from enforcing rent payment, forbearance from enforcing rent payment,
forbearance from enforcing rent payment, forbearance from enforcing rent payment, forbearance from enforcing rent payment,
forbearance from enforcing rent payment, forbearance from enforcing rent payment, forbearance from enforcing rent payment,
wstrzymanie płatności czynszu
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rent payment forbearance, rent payment forbearance, rent payment forbearance
rent payment forbearance, rent payment forbearance, rent payment forbearance
rent payment forbearance, rent payment forbearance, rent payment forbearance
Umowa i wszystkie załączniki do niej
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The Agreement and all annexes thereto. the agreement and all annexes thereto, the agreement and all annexes thereto. The Agreement and all annexes thereto. the agreement and all annexes thereto, the agreement and all annexes thereto.
The Agreement and all annexes thereto. the agreement and all annexes thereto, the agreement and all annexes thereto. The Agreement and all annexes thereto. the agreement and all annexes thereto, the agreement and all annexes thereto.
The Agreement and all annexes thereto. the agreement and all annexes thereto, the agreement and all annexes thereto. The Agreement and all annexes thereto. the agreement and all annexes thereto, the agreement and all annexes thereto.
Klauzula własności intelektualnej
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Intellectual property clause, intellectual property clause, intellectual property clause
Intellectual property clause, intellectual property clause, intellectual property clause
Intellectual property clause, intellectual property clause, intellectual property clause
przenieść prawa własności intelektualnej
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to assign intellectual property rights, to assign intellectual property rights, to assign intellectual property rights.
to assign intellectual property rights, to assign intellectual property rights, to assign intellectual property rights
to assign intellectual property rights, to assign intellectual property rights, to assign intellectual property rights
Wykonawca wyraża zgodę na przeniesienie praw własności intelektualnej na Klienta.
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The Contractor agrees to assign intellectual property rights to the Client. The Contractor agrees to assign intellectual property rights to the Client.
The Contractor agrees to assign intellectual property rights to the Client. The Contractor agrees to assign intellectual property rights to the Client.
The Contractor agrees to assign intellectual property rights to the Client. The Contractor agrees to assign intellectual property rights to the Client.
pozwolenie na wykorzystanie praw własności intelektualnej w ramach konkretnego projektu
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permission to use the intellectual property rights for a particular project. permission to use the intellectual property rights for a particular project. permission to use the intellectual property rights for a particular project
permission to use the intellectual property rights for a particular project. permission to use the intellectual property rights for a particular project. permission to use the intellectual property rights for a particular project
permission to use the intellectual property rights for a particular project. permission to use the intellectual property rights for a particular project. permission to use the intellectual property rights for a particular project
przypisywać zadania, przydzielić zadania
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to assign tasks, to assign tasks, to assign tasks, to assign tasks
to assign tasks, to assign tasks, to assign tasks, to assign tasks
to assign tasks, to assign tasks, to assign tasks, to assign tasks
przeniesienie praw
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assign rights
udzielić licencji
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to grant a licence, to grant a licence, to grant a licence, to grant a licence
to grant a licence, to grant a licence, to grant a licence, to grant a licence
to grant a licence, to grant a licence, to grant a licence, to grant a licence
twórca dzieła
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the creator of the work, the creator of the work, the creator of the work, the creator of the work
the creator of the work, the creator of the work, the creator of the work, the creator of the work
the creator of the work, the creator of the work, the creator of the work, the creator of the work
cedent, zbywca
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assignor, assignor, assignor, assignor, assignor
assignor, assignor, assignor, assignor, assignor
assignor, assignor, assignor, assignor, assignor
Cedent niniejszym przenosi wszelkie prawa, tytuł prawny i interes prawny w Utworze na Cesjonariusza
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The Assignor hereby assigns all rights, title and interest in the Work to the Assignee. The Assignor hereby assigns all rights, title and interest in the Work to the Assignee.
The Assignor hereby assigns all rights, title and interest in the Work to the Assignee. The Assignor hereby assigns all rights, title and interest in the Work to the Assignee.
The Assignor hereby assigns all rights, title and interest in the Work to the Assignee. The Assignor hereby assigns all rights, title and interest in the Work to the Assignee.
cesjonariusz, nabywca
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assignee, assignee, assignee, assignee,
assignee, assignee, assignee, assignee,
assignee, assignee, assignee, assignee,
Cesjonariusz nabywa wszelkie prawa wynikające z umowy.
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The assignee shall acquire all rights under the Agreement. The assignee shall acquire all rights under the Agreement. The assignee shall acquire all rights under the Agreement.
The assignee shall acquire all rights under the Agreement. The assignee shall acquire all rights under the Agreement. The assignee shall acquire all rights under the Agreement.
The assignee shall acquire all rights under the Agreement. The assignee shall acquire all rights under the Agreement. The assignee shall acquire all rights under the Agreement.
Niniejszym cedent przenosi prawa własności intelektualnej na cesjonariusza.
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The assignor hereby transfers the intellectual property rights to the assignee.
wolny od wszelkich obciążeń, wolny od wszelkich obciążeń, wolny od wszelkich obciążeń, wolny od wszelkich obciążeń
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free of any encumbrances free of any encumbrances free of any encumbrances free of any encumbrances
free of any encumbrances free of any encumbrances free of any encumbrances free of any encumbrances
free of any encumbrances free of any encumbrances free of any encumbrances free of any encumbrances
naruszenie praw autorskich, naruszenie praw autorskich, naruszenie praw autorskich, naruszenie praw autorskich
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copyrights infringement, copyrights infringement, copyrights infringement, copyrights infringement
prawa autorskie do utworu w formie pisemnej
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intellectual property rights in a written work, intellectual property rights in a written work, intellectual property rights in a written work,
intellectual property rights in a written work, intellectual property rights in a written work, intellectual property rights in a written work,
intellectual property rights in a written work, intellectual property rights in a written work, intellectual property rights in a written work,
Czy jesteś skłonny przenieść na mnie swoje prawa własności intelektualnej?
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are you willing to assign your IP rights to me. are you willing to assign your IP rights to me. are you willing to assign your IP rights to me
are you willing to assign your IP rights to me. are you willing to assign your IP rights to me. are you willing to assign your IP rights to me
are you willing to assign your IP rights to me. are you willing to assign your IP rights to me. are you willing to assign your IP rights to me
naruszenie praw własności intelektualnej
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infringement of IP rights, infringement of IP rights, infringement of IP rights, infringement of IP rights
infringement of IP rights, infringement of IP rights, infringement of IP rights, infringement of IP rights
infringement of IP rights, infringement of IP rights, infringement of IP rights, infringement of IP rights
Naruszyć prawa własności intelektualnej
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To infringe intellectual property rights, to infringe intellectual property rights, to infringe intellectual property rights
To infringe intellectual property rights, to infringe intelecytuall property rights, to infringe intellectual property rights
Naruszać prawa autorskie
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To infringe copyright, to infringe copyright, to infringe copyright, to infringe copyright
To infringe copyright, to infringe copyright, to infringe copyright, to infringe copyright
To infringe copyright, to infringe copyright, to infringe copyright, to infringe copyright
naruszać prawo
Lernen beginnen
to infringe the law, to infringe the law, to infringe the law, to infringe the law
to infringe the law, to infringe the law, to infringe the law, to infringe the law
to infringe the law, to infringe the law, to infringe the law, to infringe the law
naruszać znak towarowy
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to infringe a trademark
wolne od jakichkolwiek obciążeń
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free of any encumbrances, free of any encumbrances, free of any encumbrances, free of any encumbrances
free of any encumbrances, free of any encumbrances, free of any encumbrances, free of any encumbrances
free of any encumbrances, free of any encumbrances, free of any encumbrances, free of any encumbrances
Niniejsza Umowa zawiera klauzulę zastrzeżenia prawa własności.
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This Agreement contains a retention of title clause.
Zastrzeżenie prawa własności pozostaje skuteczne do momentu otrzymania pełnej zapłaty.
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The retention of title shall remain effective until full payment is received. The retention of title shall remain effective until full payment is received. The retention of title shall remain effective until full payment is received.
The retention of title shall remain effective until full payment is received. The retention of title shall remain effective until full payment is received. The retention of title shall remain effective until full payment is received.
The retention of title shall remain effective until full payment is received. The retention of title shall remain effective until full payment is received. The retention of title shall remain effective until full payment is received.
prawa autorskie do utworu literackiego
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copyright in a literary work, copyright in a literary work, copyrights in a literary work, copyright in a literary work
copyright in a literary work, copyright in a literary work, copyrights in a literary work, copyright in a literary work
copyright in a literary work, copyright in a literary work, copyrights in a literary work, copyright in a literary work
mieć tytuł prawny do towarów, mieć tytuł prawny do towarów, mieć tytuł prawny do towarów
Lernen beginnen
to have title in goods, to have title in goods, to have title in goods
to have title in goods, to have title in goods, to have title in goods
to have title in goods, to have title in goods, to have title in goods
posiadać prawo własności towarów / być właścicielem towarów
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to have legal ownership of the goods, to have legal ownership of the goods, to have legal ownership of the goods, to have legal ownership of the goods,
to have legal ownership of the goods, to have legal ownership of the goods, to have legal ownership of the goods, to have legal ownership of the goods,
to have legal ownership of the goods, to have legal ownership of the goods, to have legal ownership of the goods, to have legal ownership of the goods,
zastrzeżenie prawa własności
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retention of title, retention of title, retention of title, retention of title,
retention of title, retention of title, retention of title, retention of title,
retention of title, retention of title, retention of title, retention of title,
środki ostrożności (przeciwko czemuś)
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precaution (against sth), precaution (against sth), precaution (against sth), precaution (against sth)
precaution (against sth), precaution (against sth), precaution (against sth), precaution (against sth)
precaution (against sth), precaution (against sth), precaution (against sth), precaution (against sth)
przewidywać potencjalne pułapki, zagrożenia, trudności
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to anticipate the pitfalls, to anticipate the pitfalls, to anticipate the pitfalls, to anticipate the pitfalls
to anticipate the pitfalls, to anticipate the pitfalls, to anticipate the pitfalls, to anticipate the pitfalls
to anticipate the pitfalls, to anticipate the pitfalls, to anticipate the pitfalls, to anticipate the pitfalls
Dobrze sporządzona umowa przewiduje potencjalne zagrożenia.
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A well-drafted contract anticipates potential pitfalls. A well-drafted contract anticipates potential pitfalls. A well-drafted contract anticipates potential pitfalls.
A well-drafted contract anticipates potential pitfalls. A well-drafted contract anticipates potential pitfalls. A well-drafted contract anticipates potential pitfalls.
A well-drafted contract anticipates potential pitfalls. A well-drafted contract anticipates potential pitfalls. A well-drafted contract anticipates potential pitfalls.
zdarzenie następcze
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supervening event, supervening event, supervening event, supervening event
supervening event, supervening event, supervening event, supervening event
supervening event, supervening event, supervening event, supervening event
następcza niemożliwość świadczenia
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supervening impossibility, supervening impossibility, supervening impossibility,
supervening impossibility, supervening impossibility, supervening impossibility,
supervening impossibility, supervening impossibility, supervening impossibility,
następcza zmiana okoliczności
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Supervening change of circumstances. Supervening change of circumstances. Supervening change of circumstances.
Supervening change of circumstances. Supervening change of circumstances. Supervening change of circumstances.
nieoczekiwany, nieprzewidywalny, następczy, nieprzewidziany, dodatkowy, wynikający w międzyczasie.
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supervening, supervening, supervening, supervening, supervening
supervening, supervening, supervening, supervening, supervening
supervening, supervening, supervening, supervening, supervening
Umowa najmu sprzętu.
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The contract for hire of equipment. The contract for hire of equipment. The contract for hire of equipment
The contract for hire of equipment. The contract for hire of equipment. The contract for hire of equipment
Umowa najmu sprzętu.
Lernen beginnen
Contract for the hire of equipment. Contract for the hire of equipment. Contract for the hire of equipment. Contract for the hire of equipment
Contract for the hire of equipment. Contract for the hire of equipment. Contract for the hire of equipment. Contract for the hire of equipment
Contract for the hire of equipment. Contract for the hire of equipment. Contract for the hire of equipment. Contract for the hire of equipment
wykupić ubezpieczenie od ognia
Lernen beginnen
to take out insurance against fire, to take out insurance against fire, to take out insurance against fire
to take out insurance against fire, to take out insurance against fire, to take out insurance against fire
to take out insurance against fire, to take out insurance against fire, to take out insurance against fire
wykupić ubezpieczenie
Lernen beginnen
to take out insurance, to take out insurance, to take out insurance, to take out insurance, to take our insurance
to take out insurance, to take out insurance, to take out insurance, to take out insurance, to take our insurance
to take out insurance, to take out insurance, to take out insurance, to take out insurance, to take our insurance
wykonać zobowiązanie umowne
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To fulfil a contractual obligation, to fulfil a contractual obligation, to fulfil a contractual obligation
To fulfil a contractual obligation, to fulfil a contractual obligation, to fulfil a contractual obligation
To fulfil a contractual obligation, to fulfil a contractual obligation, to fulfil a contractual obligation
klauzula gwarancyjna,
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warranty clause, warranty clause, warranty clause, warranty clause
warranty clause, warranty clause, warranty clause, warranty clause
warranty clause, warranty clause, warranty clause, warranty clause
klauzula odszkodowawcza,
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indemnity clause, indemnity clause, indemnity clause, indemnity clause
indemnity clause, indemnity clause, indemnity clause, indemnity clause
indemnity clause, indemnity clause, indemnity clause, indemnity clause
Płacić za coś w ratach,
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To pay for something in installments, To pay for something in installments, To pay for something in installments
To pay for something in installments, To pay for something in installments, To pay for something in installments
To pay for something in installments, To pay for something in installments, To pay for something in installments
okoliczności w których,
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circumstances under which, circumstances under which, circumstances under which
circumstances under which, circumstances under which, circumstances under which
circumstances under which, circumstances under which, circumstances under which
zapłacić w całości
Lernen beginnen
to pay in full, to pay in full, to pay in full, to pay in full
to pay in full, to pay in full, to pay in full, to pay in full
prawa autorskie do projektu,
Lernen beginnen
copyright in the design, copyright in the design, copyright in the design,
copyright in the design, copyright in the design, copyright in the design,
copyright in the design, copyright in the design, copyright in the design
przestrzegać warunków i postanowień umowy
Lernen beginnen
To comply with the terms and conditions, To comply with the terms and conditions, To comply with the terms and conditions
To comply with the terms and conditions, To comply with the terms and conditions, To comply with the terms and conditions
To comply with the terms and conditions, To comply with the terms and conditions, To comply with the terms and conditions
Wykonawca ma obowiązek ukończyć prace do 30 czerwca 2026 r.
Lernen beginnen
The Contractor shall complete the works by 30 June 2026. The Contractor shall complete the works by 30 June 2026. The Contractor shall complete the works by 30 June 2026.
The Contractor shall complete the works by 30 June 2026. The Contractor shall complete the works by 30 June 2026. The Contractor shall complete the works by 30 June 2026.
The Contractor shall complete the works by 30 June 2026. The Contractor shall complete the works by 30 June 2026. The Contractor shall complete the works by 30 June 2026.
Wydarzenie pozostające poza uzasadnioną kontrolą strony
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An event outside the reasonable control of a party. An event outside the reasonable control of a party. An event outside the reasonable control of a party.
An event outside the reasonable control of a party. An event outside the reasonable control of a party. An event outside the reasonable control of a party.
An event outside the reasonable control of a party. An event outside the reasonable control of a party. An event outside the reasonable control of a party.
powiadomić drugą stronę na piśmie
Lernen beginnen
to notify the other party in writing, to notify the other party in writing, to notify the other party in writing,
to notify the other party in writing, to notify the other party in writing, to notify the other party in writing,
opóźnienie w wykonaniu umowy
Lernen beginnen
delay in performance of the contract, delay in performance of the contract, delay in performance of the contract
delay in performance of the contract, delay in performance of the contract, delay in performance of the contract
istnieć jako odrębny podmiot prawny
Lernen beginnen
to exist as a separate legal entity, to exist as a separate legal entity, to exist as a separate legal entity
stosować się do wymogów
Lernen beginnen
to comply with requirements
niewykonanie zobowiązania, zwłoka
Lernen beginnen
default, default, default, default, default, default
default, default, default, default, default,
default, default, default, default, default
Ustawienia domyślne
Lernen beginnen
default settings
niewykonanie zapłaty
Lernen beginnen
default on payment, default on payment, default on payment, default on payment
default on payment, default on payment, default on payment, default on payment
default on payment, default on payment, default on payment, default on payment
W przypadku niewywiązania się z zobowiązań pożyczkodawca ma prawo rozwiązać umowę.
Lernen beginnen
In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement.
In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement.
In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement.
wydać wyrok zaoczny
Lernen beginnen
to enter judgment by default, to enter judgment by default, to enter judgment by default
to enter judgment by default, to enter judgment by default, to enter judgment by default
to enter judgment by default, to enter judgment by default, to enter judgment by default
wniosek o wydanie wyroku zaocznego,
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application for judgment by default, application for judgment by default, application for judgment by default
application for judgment by default, application for judgment by default, application for judgment by default
application for judgment by default, application for judgment by default, application for judgment by default
następstwa, skutki czegoś
Lernen beginnen
the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of,
the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of
the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of
skutki naruszenia
Lernen beginnen
the aftermath of a breach, the aftermath of a breach, the aftermath of a breach, the aftermath of a breach
the aftermath of a breach, the aftermath of a breach, the aftermath of a breach, the aftermath of a breach
the aftermath of a breach, the aftermath of a breach, the aftermath of a breach, the aftermath of a breach
następstwa/ skutki wypowiedzenia
Lernen beginnen
the aftermath of termination, the aftermath of termination, the aftermath of termination,
the aftermath of termination, the aftermath of termination, the aftermath of termination,
the aftermath of termination, the aftermath of termination, the aftermath of termination,
skutki prawne, które pojawiają się po zdarzeniu (np. proces, odpowiedzialność, odszkodowanie, postępowanie karne)
Lernen beginnen
legal aftermath, legal aftermath, legal aftermath, legal aftermath, legal aftermath
legal aftermath, legal aftermath, legal aftermath, legal aftermath, legal aftermath
legal aftermath, legal aftermath, legal aftermath, legal aftermath, legal aftermath
w następstwie niewypłacalności
Lernen beginnen
in the aftermath of insolvency, in the aftermath of insolvency, in the aftermath of insolvency
in the aftermath of insolvency, in the aftermath of insolvency, in the aftermath of insolvency
in the aftermath of insolvency, in the aftermath of insolvency, in the aftermath of insolvency
następstwa naruszenia umowy doprowadziły do długotrwałego procesu sądowego.
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The aftermath of the breach of contract led to lengthy litigation. The aftermath of the breach of contract led to lengthy litigation. The aftermath of the breach of contract led to lengthy litigation.
The aftermath of the breach of contract led to lengthy litigation. The aftermath of the breach of contract led to lengthy litigation. The aftermath of the breach of contract led to lengthy litigation.
The aftermath of the breach of contract led to lengthy litigation. The aftermath of the breach of contract led to lengthy litigation. The aftermath of the breach of contract led to lengthy litigation.
obowiązki dyrektora
Lernen beginnen
director's duties, director, s duties
zakładanie spółek
Lernen beginnen
incorporating companies, incorporating companies, incorporating companies, incorporating companies
incorporating companies, incorporating companies, incorporating companies, incorporating companies
incorporating companies, incorporating companies, incorporating companies, incorporating companies
założyć spółkę
Lernen beginnen
to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company
to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company
to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company
zobowiązać się do zrobienia czegoś
Lernen beginnen
to undertake to do sth.
Odbyłem aplikacje w kancelarii prawnej.
Lernen beginnen
I undertook my training contract at a law firm. I undertook my training contract at a law firm. I undertook my training contract at a law firm.
I undertook my training contract at a law firm. I undertook my training contract at a law firm. I undertook my training contract at a law firm.
I undertook my training contract at a law firm. I undertook my training contract at a law firm. I undertook my training contract at a law firm.
zdobyć dalsze umiejętności
Lernen beginnen
to acquire further skills, to acquire further skills, to acquire further skills
to acquire further skills, to acquire further skills, to acquire further skills
to acquire further skills, to acquire further skills, to acquire further skills
obowiązek powierniczy, obowiązek lojalnościowy
Lernen beginnen
fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty
fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty
fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty
obowiązek powierniczy działania w dobrej wierze
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fiduciary duty of good faith, fiduciary duty of good faith, fiduciary duty of good faith
fiduciary duty of good faith, fiduciary duty of good faith, fiduciary duty of good faith
fiduciary duty of good faith, fiduciary duty of good faith, fiduciary duty of good faith
następstwa, skutki, konsekwencje
Lernen beginnen
the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of
the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of
the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of, the aftermath of
Następstwa orzeczenia
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The aftermath of the ruling
skutkiem wyroku sądu wszczęto postępowanie egzekucyjne.
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In the aftermath of the court’s judgment, enforcement proceedings were initiated. In the aftermath of the court’s judgment, enforcement proceedings were initiated. In the aftermath of the court’s judgment, enforcement proceedings were initiated.
In the aftermath of the court’s judgment, enforcement proceedings were initiated. In the aftermath of the court’s judgment, enforcement proceedings were initiated. In the aftermath of the court’s judgment, enforcement proceedings were initiated.
In the aftermath of the court’s judgment, enforcement proceedings were initiated. In the aftermath of the court’s judgment, enforcement proceedings were initiated. In the aftermath of the court’s judgment, enforcement proceedings were initiated.
Od tej kwoty naliczane będą odsetki.
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Interest shall accrue thereon, Interest shall accrue thereon, Interest shall accrue thereon
Interest shall accrue thereon, Interest shall accrue thereon, Interest shall accrue thereon
Interest shall accrue thereon, Interest shall accrue thereon, Interest shall accrue thereon
Budynek na nim wzniesiony
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The building erected thereon, The building erected thereon, The building erected thereon, The building erected thereon,
The building erected thereon, The building erected thereon, The building erected thereon, The building erected thereon,
The building erected thereon, The building erected thereon, The building erected thereon, The building erected thereon,
Podatki należne od tego
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Taxes payable thereon, taxes payable thereon, taxes payable thereon
Taxes payable thereon, taxes payable thereon, taxes payable thereon
Taxes payable thereon, taxes payable thereon, taxes payable thereon
Prawa z tego wynikające
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Rights arising thereon
Zarząd odbył nadzwyczajne posiedzenie.
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The board held an extraordinary meeting. The board held an extraordinary meeting. The board held an extraordinary meeting.
The board held an extraordinary meeting. The board held an extraordinary meeting. The board held an extraordinary meeting.
The board held an extraordinary meeting. The board held an extraordinary meeting. The board held an extraordinary meeting.
odbyć posiedzenie (sądu, zarządu)
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hold a meeting (of the court, board), hold a meeting (of the court, board), hold a meeting (of the court, board)
hold a meeting (of the court, board), hold a meeting (of the court, board), hold a meeting (of the court, board)
hold a meeting (of the court, board), hold a meeting (of the court, board), hold a meeting (of the court, board)
zwołać nadzwyczajne walne zgromadzenie
Lernen beginnen
to convey an extraordinary general meeting
kworum na spotkaniu
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quorum at the meeting, quorum at the meeting, quorum at the meeting, quorum at the meeting
quorum at the meeting, quorum at the meeting, quorum at the meeting, quorum at the meeting
quorum at the meeting, quorum at the meeting, quorum at the meeting, quorum at the meeting
nie osiągnięto kworum na posiedzenie.
Lernen beginnen
The quorum at the meeting was not reached.
wymóg kworum
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quorum requirement, quorum requirement, quorum requirement, quorum requirement
quorum requirement, quorum requirement, quorum requirement, quorum requirement
quorum requirement, quorum requirement, quorum requirement, quorum requirement
odroczyć spotkanie
Lernen beginnen
to adjourn the meeting, to adjourn the meeting, to adjourn the meeting, to adjourn the meeting
to adjourn the meeting, to adjourn the meeting, to adjourn the meeting, to adjourn the meeting
to adjourn the meeting, to adjourn the meeting, to adjourn the meeting, to adjourn the meeting
powstrzymanie się od pozywania
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forbearance from suing, forbearance from suing, forbearance from suing
forbearance from suing, forbearance from suing, forbearance from suing
forbearance from suing, forbearance from suing, forbearance from suing
odroczenie płatności / wstrzymanie się z dochodzeniem zapłaty
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forbearance of payment, forbearance of payment, forbearance of payment
forbearance of payment, forbearance of payment, forbearance of payment
forbearance of payment, forbearance of payment, forbearance of payment
jako świadczenie wzajemne za powstrzymanie się od dochodzenia roszczenia
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as a consideration for forbearance, as a consideration for forbearance, as a consideration for forbearance,
as a consideration for forbearance, as a consideration for forbearance, as a consideration for forbearance,
as a consideration for forbearance, as a consideration for forbearance, as a consideration for forbearance,
autorytet epistemiczny
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epistemic authority, epistemic authority, epistemic authority
epistemic authority, epistemic authority, epistemic authority
epistemic authority, epistemic authority, epistemic authority
autorytet oparty na racjach
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authority of reasons, authority of reasons, authority of reasons
authority of reasons, authority of reasons, authority of reasons, authority of reasons, authority of reasons
authority of reasons, authority of reasons, authority of reasons, authority of reasons, authority of reasons
sąd uznał / przyjął/ ocenił
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the court considered, the court considered, the court considered, the court considered
the court considered, the court considered, the court considered, the court considered
the court considered, the court considered, the court considered, the court considered
Spółka nadal boryka się z konsekwencjami prawnymi skandalu.
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The company is still dealing with the legal aftermath of the scandal. The company is still dealing with the legal aftermath of the scandal. The company is still dealing with the legal aftermath of the scandal.
The company is still dealing with the legal aftermath of the scandal. The company is still dealing with the legal aftermath of the scandal. The company is still dealing with the legal aftermath of the scandal.
The company is still dealing with the legal aftermath of the scandal. The company is still dealing with the legal aftermath of the scandal. The company is still dealing with the legal aftermath of the scandal.
Sąd zbadał prawne skutki zerwania umowy.
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The court examined the legal aftermath of the breach of contract. The court examined the legal aftermath of the breach of contract. The court examined the legal aftermath of the breach of contract.
The court examined the legal aftermath of the breach of contract. The court examined the legal aftermath of the breach of contract. The court examined the legal aftermath of the breach of contract.
The court examined the legal aftermath of the breach of contract. The court examined the legal aftermath of the breach of contract. The court examined the legal aftermath of the breach of contract.
etap przedinterpretacyjny
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pre-interpretative stage, pre-interpretative stage, pre-interpretative stage,
pre-interpretative stage, pre-interpretative stage, pre-interpretative stage,
pre-interpretative stage, pre-interpretative stage, pre-interpretative stage,
skuteczność środków prawnych
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the efficacy of legal remedies, the efficacy of legal remedies, the efficacy of legal remedies
the efficacy of legal remedies, the efficacy of legal remedies, the efficacy of legal remedies
the efficacy of legal remedies, the efficacy of legal remedies, the efficacy of legal remedies
posiedzenie zarządu
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board meeting, board meeting, board meeting
board meeting, board meeting, board meeting
board meeting, board meeting, board meeting
organizować regularne spotkania
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to hold regular meetings, to hold regular meetings, to hold regular meetings, to hold regular meetings
to hold regular meetings, to hold regular meetings, to hold regular meetings, to hold regular meetings
to hold regular meetings, to hold regular meetings, to hold regular meetings, to hold regular meetings
pisemny zapis
Lernen beginnen
the written record, the written record, the written record, the written record
the written record, the written record, the written record, the written record
the written record, the written record, the written record, the written record
coroczne walne zgromadzenie
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annual general meeting
nadzwyczajne walne zebranie / zgromadzenie
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extraordinary general meeting
zwołać nadzwyczajne walne zgromadzenie
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to convene an extraordinary general meeting, to convene an extraordinary general meeting,
to convene an extraordinary general meeting, to convene an extraordinary general meeting,
to convene an extraordinary general meeting, to convene an extraordinary general meeting,
kworum na spotkaniu
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quorum at the meeting
stanowić kworum
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constitute a quorum
odroczyć, przełożyć spotkanie
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to adjourn a meeting, to adjourn a meeting, to adjourn a meeting, to adjourn a meeting
to adjourn a meeting, to adjourn a meeting, to adjourn a meeting, to adjourn a meeting
to adjourn a meeting, to adjourn a meeting, to adjourn a meeting, to adjourn a meeting
podjąć uchwałę na piśmie
Lernen beginnen
to adopt a resolution in writing, to adopt a resolution in writing, to adopt a resolution in writing
to adopt a resolution in writing, to adopt a resolution in writing, to adopt a resolution in writing
to adopt a resolution in writing, to adopt a resolution in writing, to adopt a resolution in writing
głosowanie przez podniesienie ręki
Lernen beginnen
show of hands, show of hands, show of hands, show of hands, shoe of hands show of hands
show of hands, show of hands, show of hands, show of hands, shoe of hands show of hands
show of hands, show of hands, show of hands, show of hands, shoe of hands show of hands
przez podniesienie rąk
Lernen beginnen
by a show of hands, by a show of hands, by a show of hands
by a show of hands, by a show of hands, by a show of hands
by a show of hands, by a show of hands, by a show of hands
uchwała została przyjęta przez podniesienie rąk.
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The resolution was adopted by a show of hands. The resolution was adopted by a show of hands. The resolution was adopted by a show of hands.
The resolution was adopted by a show of hands. The resolution was adopted by a show of hands. The resolution was adopted by a show of hands.
The resolution was adopted by a show of hands. The resolution was adopted by a show of hands. The resolution was adopted by a show of hands.
likwidator
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liquidator
wykreślić spółkę (z rejestru)
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to strike off a company
zostać wykreślonym z rejestru
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to be struck off the register, to be struck off the register, to be struck off the register,
to be struck off the register, to be struck off the register, to be struck off the register,
to be struck off the register, to be struck off the register, to be struck off the register,
krs może wykreślić spółkę z rejestru, jeśli nie złoży ona rocznych sprawozdań finansowych.
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The registrar may strike off a company that fails to file its annual accounts. The registrar may strike off a company that fails to file its annual accounts. The registrar may strike off a company that fails to file its annual accounts.
The registrar may strike off a company that fails to file its annual accounts. The registrar may strike off a company that fails to file its annual accounts. The registrar may strike off a company that fails to file its annual accounts
The registrar may strike off a company that fails to file its annual accounts. The registrar may strike off a company that fails to file its annual accounts. The registrar may strike off a company that fails to file its annual accounts
Spółka została wykreślona z rejestru
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The company was struck off the register. the company was struck off the register. the company was struck off the register
The company was struck off the register. the company was struck off the register. the company was struck off the register
The company was struck off the register. the company was struck off the register. the company was struck off the register
założyć firmę w celu realizacji konkretnego projektu
Lernen beginnen
to set up a company for a particular project, to set up a company for a particular project, to set up a company for a particular project, to set up a company for a particular project
to set up a company for a particular project, to set up a company for a particular project, to set up a company for a particular project, to set up a company for a particular project
to set up a company for a particular project, to set up a company for a particular project, to set up a company for a particular project, to set up a company for a particular project
Dobrowolna likwidacja spółki przez wspólników (MVL)
Lernen beginnen
Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL)
zlikwidować spółkę
Lernen beginnen
to wind up a company, to wind up a company, to wind up a company, to wind up a company
to wind up a company, to wind up a company, to wind up a company, to wind up a company
to wind up a company, to wind up a company, to wind up a company, to wind up a company
doradca restrukturyzacyjny
Lernen beginnen
Insolvency practitioner, insolvency practitioner, insolvency practitioner
Insolvency practitioner, insolvency practitioner, insolvency practitioner
Insolvency practitioner, insolvency practitioner, insolvency practitioner
spieniężyć majątek spółki
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To realise the assets of the company, To realise the assets of the company, To realise the assets of the company
To realise the assets of the company, To realise the assets of the company, To realise the assets of the company
To realise the assets of the company, To realise the assets of the company, To realise the assets of the company
prowadzić sprawę przed sądem
Lernen beginnen
to plead a case before the court
reprezentować sprawę klienta
Lernen beginnen
to plead the client’s case, to plead the client’s case, to plead the client’s case
to plead the client’s case, to plead the client’s case, to plead the client’s case
to plead the client’s case, to plead the client’s case, to plead the client’s case
wystepować w imieniu pozwanego, powoda
Lernen beginnen
to plead for the defendant / claimant, to plead for the defendant / claimant, to plead for the defendant / claimant
to plead for the defendant / claimant, to plead for the defendant / claimant, to plead for the defendant / claimant
to plead for the defendant / claimant, to plead for the defendant / claimant, to plead for the defendant / claimant
Niezależnie od powyższych postanowień, Kupujący pozostaje odpowiedzialny za zapłatę. Niezależnie od powyższych postanowień, Kupujący pozostaje odpowiedzialny za zapłatę. Niezależnie od powyższych postanowień, Kupujący pozostaje odpowiedzialny za zapłatę.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Buyer shall remain liable for payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Buyer shall remain liable for payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Buyer shall remain liable for payment.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Buyer shall remain liable for payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Buyer shall remain liable for payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Buyer shall remain liable for payment.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Buyer shall remain liable for payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Buyer shall remain liable for payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Buyer shall remain liable for payment.
postępowanie upadłościowe, postępowanie dotyczące niewypłacalności
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insolvency proceedings
przewodniczący
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chairperson
obowiązek działania w interesie powierzającego z najwyższą lojalnością i starannością.
Lernen beginnen
Fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty
Fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty
Fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty, fiduciary duty
koszty stałe/ zabezpieczenie na określonym składniku
Lernen beginnen
fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge
fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge
fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge
wpływy ze sprzedaży
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proceeds of sale, proceeds of sale, proceeds of sale, proceeds of sale
proceeds of sale, proceeds of sale, proceeds of sale, proceeds of sale
proceeds of sale, proceeds of sale, proceeds of sale, proceeds of sale
wpływy z ubezpieczenia
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proceeds of insurance
wpływy brutto
Lernen beginnen
gross proceeds, gross proceeds, gross proceeds, gross proceeds, gross proceeds
gross proceeds, gross proceeds, gross proceeds, gross proceeds, gross proceeds
gross proceeds, gross proceeds, gross proceeds, gross proceeds, gross proceeds
zarząd przymusowy (UK)
Lernen beginnen
Receivership, Receivership, Receivership
Spółka została objęta zarządem komisarycznym.
Lernen beginnen
The company was placed into receivership. the company was placed into receivership. The company was placed into receivership. the company was placed into receivership.
The company was placed into receivership. the company was placed into receivership. The company was placed into receivership. the company was placed into receivership.
The company was placed into receivership. the company was placed into receivership. The company was placed into receivership. the company was placed into receivership.
zabezpieczony wierzyciel
Lernen beginnen
secured creditor, secured creditor, secured creditor, secured creditor
secured creditor, secured creditor, secured creditor, secured creditor
secured creditor, secured creditor, secured creditor, secured creditor
zarządzać spółką
Lernen beginnen
to manage a company
zrobić coś dla dobra kogoś
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to do something for the benefit of somebody
założenie kontynuacji działalności
Lernen beginnen
going concern assumption, going concern assumption, going concern assumption., going concern assumption
going concern assumption, going concern assumption, going concern assumption., going concern assumption
going concern assumption, going concern assumption, going concern assumption., going concern assumption
zasada kontynuacji działania / ciągłości
Lernen beginnen
going concern principle
Ustawa ma potencjalną zdolność realizacji celu, jednak jej faktyczna skuteczność jest ograniczona z powodu słabego egzekwowania.
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The efficacy of the statute is clear, but its effectiveness remains limited due to weak enforcement. The efficacy of the statute is clear, but its effectiveness remains limited due to weak enforcement.
The efficacy of the statute is clear, but its effectiveness remains limited due to weak enforcement. The efficacy of the statute is clear, but its effectiveness remains limited due to weak enforcement.
The efficacy of the statute is clear, but its effectiveness remains limited due to weak enforcement. The efficacy of the statute is clear, but its effectiveness remains limited due to weak enforcement.
ukrywać informacje
Lernen beginnen
to withhold information
wstrzymać zgodę
Lernen beginnen
to withhold consent, to withhold consent, to withhold consent, to withhold consent
to withhold consent, to withhold consent, to withhold consent, to withhold consent
to withhold consent, to withhold consent, to withhold consent, to withhold consent
zataić, ukryć dowód
Lernen beginnen
to withhold evidence, to withhold evidence, to withhold evidence
to withhold evidence, to withhold evidence, to withhold evidence
to withhold evidence, to withhold evidence, to withhold evidence
powyższe postanowienia, postanowienia poprzedzające
Lernen beginnen
the foregoing provisions, the foregoing provisions, the foregoing provisions, the foregoing provisions
the foregoing provisions, the foregoing provisions, the foregoing provisions, the foregoing provisions
the foregoing provisions, the foregoing provisions, the foregoing provisions, the foregoing provisions
Syndyk masy upadłościowej może pełnić funkcję zarządcy spółki.
Lernen beginnen
An insolvency practitioner may act as an administrator of a company.
zarząd przymusowy nad majątkiem dłużnika
Lernen beginnen
receivership, receivership, receivership, receivership
receivership, receivership, receivership, receivership
receivership, receivership, receivership, receivership
dobrowolna likwidacja spółki z udziałem wierzycieli,
Lernen beginnen
creditors voluntary liquidation, creditors voluntary liquidation, creditors voluntary liquidation
creditors voluntary liquidation, creditors voluntary liquidation, creditors voluntary liquidation
creditors voluntary liquidation, creditors voluntary liquidation, creditors voluntary liquidation
obowiązkowa likwidacja
Lernen beginnen
compulsory liquidation
przedstawić dokument/ okazać dokument
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to present a document
wniosek o likwidację spółki
Lernen beginnen
wind up petition, wind up petition, wind up petition, wind up petition, wind up petition
z tego powodu, że / z tej przyczyny, że / na tej podstawie, że.
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On the grounds that, on the grounds that, on the grounds that, on the grounds that
On the grounds that, on the grounds that, on the grounds that, on the grounds that
On the grounds that, on the grounds that, on the grounds that, on the grounds that
podstawy oddalenia
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grands for dismissal
podstawy apelacji
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grands for appeal
podstawy roszczenia (prawne i faktyczne)
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grounds for claim
prawo materialne
Lernen beginnen
substantive law, substantive law, substantive law, substantive law
substantive law, substantive law, substantive law, substantive law
substantive law, substantive law, substantive law, substantive law
kwestia merytoryczna
Lernen beginnen
substantive issue
postanowienia materialne
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substantive provisions
kontynuować prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej jako funkcjonujące przedsiębiorstwo (bez likwidacji)
Lernen beginnen
to continue to trade as a going concern, to continue to trade as a going concern, to continue to trade as a going concern, to continue to trade as a going concern
to continue to trade as a going concern, to continue to trade as a going concern, to continue to trade as a going concern, to continue to trade as a going concern
to continue to trade as a going concern, to continue to trade as a going concern, to continue to trade as a going concern, to continue to trade as a going concern
zabezpieczenie na majątku
Lernen beginnen
charge, charge, charge, charge
Spółka ustanowiła na swoich aktywach zabezpieczenie na rzecz banku.
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The company granted a charge over its assets to the bank. The company granted a charge over its assets to the bank. The company granted a charge over its assets to the bank.
The company granted a charge over its assets to the bank. The company granted a charge over its assets to the bank. The company granted a charge over its assets to the bank.
The company granted a charge over its assets to the bank. The company granted a charge over its assets to the bank. The company granted a charge over its assets to the bank.
zabezpieczony wierzyciel
Lernen beginnen
charge holder, charge holder, charge holder, charge holder
charge holder, charge holder, charge holder, charge holder
charge holder, charge holder, charge holder, charge holder
ustanowić zabezpieczenie
Lernen beginnen
to create a charge, to create a charge, to create a charge
zarządca ustanowiony przez zabezpieczonego wierzyciela
Lernen beginnen
receiver, receiver, receiver, receiver, receiver, receiver
receiver, receiver, receiver, receiver, receiver, receiver
receiver, receiver, receiver, receiver, receiver, receiver
spieniężyć aktywa oznacza zamianę aktywów na gotówkę, zwykle poprzez ich sprzedaż.
Lernen beginnen
To realise assets means to convert assets into cash, usually by selling them. To realise assets means to convert assets into cash, usually by selling them. To realise assets means to convert assets into cash, usually by selling them.
To realise assets means to convert assets into cash, usually by selling them. To realise assets means to convert assets into cash, usually by selling them. To realise assets means to convert assets into cash, usually by selling them.
To realise assets means to convert assets into cash, usually by selling them. To realise assets means to convert assets into cash, usually by selling them. To realise assets means to convert assets into cash, usually by selling them.
likwidator ma za zadanie likwidację spółki
Lernen beginnen
the liquidator has the task of winding up a company. the liquidator has the task of winding up a company. the liquidator has the task of winding up a company.
the liquidator has the task of winding up a company. the liquidator has the task of winding up a company. the liquidator has the task of winding up a company.
the liquidator has the task of winding up a company. the liquidator has the task of winding up a company. the liquidator has the task of winding up a company.
dobrowolna likwidacja spółki, która jest wypłacalna.
Lernen beginnen
Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL), Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL), Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL)
Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL), Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL), Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL)
Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL), Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL), Members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL)
Bank jest posiadaczem zabezpieczeń aktywów spółki.
Lernen beginnen
The bank is the charge holder over the company’s assets. The bank is the charge holder over the company’s assets. The bank is the charge holder over the company’s assets.
The bank is the charge holder over the company’s assets. The bank is the charge holder over the company’s assets. The bank is the charge holder over the company’s assets
The bank is the charge holder over the company’s assets. The bank is the charge holder over the company’s assets. The bank is the charge holder over the company’s assets
Wierzyciel zabezpieczony może zrealizować zabezpieczenie, jeżeli kredytobiorca nie spłaci kredytu.
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The charge holder may enforce the charge if the borrower defaults on the loan. The charge holder may enforce the charge if the borrower defaults on the loan. The charge holder may enforce the charge if the borrower defaults on the loan.
The charge holder may enforce the charge if the borrower defaults on the loan. The charge holder may enforce the charge if the borrower defaults on the loan. The charge holder may enforce the charge if the borrower defaults on the loan
The charge holder may enforce the charge if the borrower defaults on the loan. The charge holder may enforce the charge if the borrower defaults on the loan. The charge holder may enforce the charge if the borrower defaults on the loan
wyegzekwować zabezpieczenie
Lernen beginnen
to enforce the charge, to enforce the charge, to enforce the charge, to enforce the charge
to enforce the charge, to enforce the charge, to enforce the charge, to enforce the charge
to enforce the charge, to enforce the charge, to enforce the charge, to enforce the charge
zabezpieczenie na stałym składniku majątku
Lernen beginnen
fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge
fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge
fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge, fixed charge
zabezpieczenie na zmiennym składniku majątku
Lernen beginnen
floating charge
Sąd nie znalazł podstaw do oddalenia powództwa.
Lernen beginnen
The court found no grounds for dismissal of the claim.
The court found no grounds for dismissal of the claim.
The court found no grounds for dismissal of the claim.
niekorzystne orzeczenie
Lernen beginnen
adverse ruling
niekorzystny wyrok sądu
Lernen beginnen
adverse court judgement
postępowanie naganne moralnie
Lernen beginnen
moral wrongdoing, moral wrongdoing, moral wrongdoing
moral wrongdoing, moral wrongdoing, moral wrongdoing
moral wrongdoing, moral wrongdoing, moral wrongdoing
przyjąć uchwałę, przeprowadzić uchwałę, uchwalić uchwałę
Lernen beginnen
to adopt a resolution, to carry a resolution, to pass a resolution, to adopt a resolution, to carry a resolution, to pass a resolution
to adopt a resolution, to carry a resolution, to pass a resolution, to adopt a resolution, to carry a resolution, to pass a resolution
to adopt a resolution, to carry a resolution, to pass a resolution, to adopt a resolution, to carry a resolution, to pass a resolution
wysłać formalne zawiadomienie
Lernen beginnen
to send a formal notice, to send a formal notice, to send a formal notice, to send a formal notice,
to send a formal notice, to send a formal notice, to send a formal notice, to send a formal notice,
to send a formal notice, to send a formal notice, to send a formal notice, to send a formal notice,
uchwała podjętą w formie pisemnej, bez przeprowadzania formalnego zgromadzenia.
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Written resolution
nie spłacić pożyczki, nie wywiązać się że spłaty kredytu
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to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment
to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repaymentto default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment,
to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment, to default on the loan repayment
ustanowić hipotekę na nieruchomości
Lernen beginnen
to grant a mortgage over property, to grant a mortgage over property, to grant a mortgage over property
to grant a mortgage over property, to grant a mortgage over property, to grant a mortgage over property
to grant a mortgage over property, to grant a mortgage over property, to grant a mortgage over property
gwarancja spłaty
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guarantee of repayment, guarantee of repayment, guarantee of repayment
guarantee of repayment, guarantee of repayment, guarantee of repayment
guarantee of repayment, guarantee of repayment, guarantee of repayment
w zamian za prawa przyznane na mocy niniejszej Umowy,
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In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement,
In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement,
In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement,
w świetle powyższego
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in the light of the foregoing, in the light of the foregoing, in the light of the foregoing, in the light of the foregoing
in the light of the foregoing, in the light of the foregoing, in the light of the foregoing, in the light of the foregoing
in the light of the foregoing, in the light of the foregoing, in the light of the foregoing, in the light of the foregoing
podnieść / sformułować zarzuty obronne w piśmie procesowym.
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to plead a defense, to plead a defence., to plead a defence, to plead a defence
to plead a defense, to plead a defence., to plead a defence, to plead a defence
skuteczna, zasadna obrona (w procesie)
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valid defence, valid defence, valid defence, valid defence, valid defence, valid defence
valid defence, valid defence, valid defence, valid defence, valid defence, valid defence
valid defence, valid defence, valid defence, valid defence, valid defence, valid defence
oszukańcze wprowadzenie w błąd, podstępne wprowadzenie w bład
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fraudulent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation
fraudulent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation
fraudulent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation
odbiorca listu
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recipient of the letter, recipient of the letter, recipient of the letter, recipient of the letter
recipient of the letter, recipient of the letter, recipient of the letter, recipient of the letter
recipient of the letter, recipient of the letter, recipient of the letter, recipient of the letter
powitanie, powitalny zwrot grzecznościowy
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the salutation
grzecznościowy zwrot kończy korespondencję
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the complementary close, the complementary close, complementary close, the complementary close
the complementary close, the complementary close, complementary close, the complementary close
the complementary close, the complementary close, complementary close, the complementary close
nazwisko panieńskie
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maiden name
przedsiębiorca indywidualny
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sole trader
roczne rozliczenie podatkowe
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annual self assessment, annual self assessment, annual self assessment
annual self assessment, annual self assessment, annual self assessment
annual self assessment, annual self assessment, annual self assessment
prowadzić firmę
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to run a business
narobić długów
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to run up debts, to run up debts, to run up debts, Tu run up debts
to run up debts, to run up debts, to run up debts, Tu run up debts
księgi rachunkowe i zestawienia finansowe
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records and accounts, records and accounts, records and accounts, records and accounts
records and accounts, records and accounts, records and accounts, records and accounts
records and accounts, records and accounts, records and accounts, records and accounts
zagrożony, narażony na ryzyko
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at risk of, at risk of, at risk of, at risk of
at risk of, at risk of, at risk of, at risk of
at risk of, at risk of, at risk of, at risk of
firma jest zagrożona niewypłacalnością
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the company is at risk of insolvency, the company is at risk of insolvency, the company is at risk of insolvency
the company is at risk of insolvency, the company is at risk of insolvency, the company is at risk of insolvency
the company is at risk of insolvency, the company is at risk of insolvency, the company is at risk of insolvency
wpaść w kłopoty
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to run into trouble, to run into trouble, to run into trouble, to run into trouble, to run into trouble
to run into trouble, to run into trouble, to run into trouble, to run into trouble, to run into trouble
to run into trouble, to run into trouble, to run into trouble, to run into trouble, to run into trouble
założyć działalność gospodarczą
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to set up in business
Założył działalność gospodarczą jako jednoosobowy przedsiębiorca.
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He set up in business as a sole trader.
Założyli razem działalność gospodarczą.
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They set up in business together. They set up in business together. They set up in business together.
They set up in business together. They set up in business together. They set up in business together.
They set up in business together. They set up in business together. They set up in business together.
inwestować w biznes
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to invest in business, to invest in business, to invest in business
to invest in business, to invest in business, to invest in business
to invest in business, to invest in business, to invest in business
Zainwestował w małe przedsiębiorstwo.
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He invested in a small business.
inwestować w spółke
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to invest in a company
koszty prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej
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costs of running business
Koszty prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej rosną.
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The costs of running a business are increasing.
nieograniczona odpowiedzialność za długi
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unlimited liability for the debts, unlimited liability for the debts, unlimited liability for the debts, unlimited liability for the debts
unlimited liability for the debts, unlimited liability for the debts, unlimited liability for the debts, unlimited liability for the debts
unlimited liability for the debts, unlimited liability for the debts, unlimited liability for the debts, unlimited liability for the debts
prowadzić działalność pod (określoną nazwą)
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to trade under (a name), to trade under (a name), to trade under (a name), to trade under (a name),
to trade under (a name), to trade under (a name), to trade under (a name), to trade under (a name),
to trade under (a name), to trade under (a name), to trade under (a name), to trade under (a name),
nazwa handlowa przedsiębiorstwa
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trading name / business name
kapitał spółki osobowej
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capital of a partnership, capital of a partnership, capital of a partnership
capital of a partnership, capital of a partnership, capital of a partnership
capital of a partnership, capital of a partnership, capital of a partnership
wnieść kapitał do spółki
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to contribute capital to the partnership, to contribute capital to the partnership, to contribute capital to the partnership,
to contribute capital to the partnership, to contribute capital to the partnership, to contribute capital to the partnership,
to contribute capital to the partnership, to contribute capital to the partnership, to contribute capital to the partnership,
wnieść pieniądze do firmy
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to contribute money to the company, to contribute money to the company, to contribute money to the company, to contribute money to the compsnyb
to contribute money to the company, to contribute money to the company, to contribute money to the company, to contribute money to the compsnyb
to contribute money to the company, to contribute money to the company, to contribute money to the company, to contribute money to the compsnyb
ponieść stratę
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to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss
to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss
to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss, to make a loss
zaliczki na poczet przyszłego zysku
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drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings
drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings
drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings, drawings
wypłacić pieniądze ze spółki
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to draw money out of the partnership, to draw money out of the partnership, to draw money out of the partnership, to draw money out of the partnership
to draw money out of the partnership, to draw money out of the partnership, to draw money out of the partnership, to draw money out of the partnership
to draw money out of the partnership, to draw money out of the partnership, to draw money out of the partnership, to draw money out of the partnership
partner w spółce (np. kancelarii, firmie doradczej), który otrzymuje stałe wynagrodzenie (salary) zamiast udziału w zyskach spółki.
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Salaried partner
partner w spółce, który wnosi kapitał do przedsiębiorstwa, ale nie uczestniczy w prowadzeniu jego spraw ani w bieżącym zarządzaniu.
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Sleeping partner
partner w spółce (np. w kancelarii prawnej), który posiada udział kapitałowy w spółce i uczestniczy w podziale jej zysków.
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equity partner
Ile kapitału wniesie każdy partner do spółki?
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how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership? how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership? how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership? how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership?
how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership? how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership? how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership? how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership?
how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership? how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership? how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership? how much capital will each partner contribute to partnership?
Pod jaką nazwą będzie działać spółka?
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What name will the partnership trade under?, What name will the partnership trade under?. What name will the trade partnership trade under?
What name will the partnership trade under?, What name will the partnership trade under?. What name will the trade partnership trade under?
What name will the partnership trade under?, What name will the partnership trade under?. What name will the trade partnership trade under?
Jak partnerzy będą dzielić straty lub zyski?
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how will the partners share the losses or the profits? How will the partners share the losses or the profits? how will the partners share the losses or the profits? How will the partners share the losses or the profits?
how will the partners share the losses or the profits? How will the partners share the losses or the profits? how will the partners share the losses or the profits? How will the partners share the losses or the profits?
how will the partners share the losses or the profits? How will the partners share the losses or the profits? how will the partners share the losses or the profits? How will the partners share the losses or the profits?
Pozwany nie podniósł żadnej skutecznej linii obrony.
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The defendant failed to plead any valid defense. The defendant failed to plead any valid defense. The defendant failed to plead any valid defense.
The defendant failed to plead any valid defense. The defendant failed to plead any valid defense. The defendant failed to plead any valid defense
The defendant failed to plead any valid defense. The defendant failed to plead any valid defense. The defendant failed to plead any valid defense
Jaka będzie wysokość miesięcznych wypłat (zaliczek na zysk) każdego partnera?
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how much will each partner's monthly drawings be? how much will each partner's monthly drawings be? how much will each partner's monthly drawings be?
how much will each partner's monthly drawings be? how much will each partner's monthly drawings be? how much will each partner's monthly drawings be?
how much will each partner's monthly drawings be? how much will each partner's monthly drawings be? how much will each partner's monthly drawings be?
Kto będzie uprawniony do podpisywania czeków spółki?
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Who will have authority to sign partnership checks?. Who will have authority to sign partnership checks? Who will have authority to sign partnership checks?
Who will have authority to sign partnership checks?. Who will have authority to sign partnership checks? Who will have authority to sign partnership checks?
Who will have authority to sign partnership checks?. Who will have authority to sign partnership checks? Who will have authority to sign partnership checks?
jaki długi będzie okres wypowiedzenia
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how long will the notice period for resignation be? how long will the notice period for resignation be? how long will the notice period for resignation be? how long will the notice period for resignation be?
how long will the notice period for resignation be? how long will the notice period for resignation be? how long will the notice period for resignation be? how long will the notice period for resignation be?
how long will the notice period for resignation be? how long will the notice period for resignation be? how long will the notice period for resignation be? how long will the notice period for resignation be?
Posiadać ograniczoną odpowiedzialność za długi przedsiębiorstwa
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To have limited liability for the debts of the business, To have limited liability for the debts of the business, To have limited liability for the debts of the business
To have limited liability for the debts of the business, To have limited liability for the debts of the business, To have limited liability for the debts of the business
To have limited liability for the debts of the business, To have limited liability for the debts of the business, To have limited liability for the debts of the business
W spółce z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością majątek osobisty nie jest zagrożony przypadku upadku przedsiębiorstwa.
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In a limited company, personal assets are not at risk if the business fails, In a limited company, personal assets are not at risk if the business fails. In a limited company, personal assets are not at risk if the business fails
In a limited company, personal assets are not at risk if the business fails, In a limited company, personal assets are not at risk if the business fails. In a limited company, personal assets are not at risk if the business fails
In a limited company, personal assets are not at risk if the business fails, In a limited company, personal assets are not at risk if the business fails. In a limited company, personal assets are not at risk if the business fails
majątek osobisty
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personal assets, personal assets, personal assets, personal assets, personal assets
personal assets, personal assets, personal assets, personal assets, personal assets
personal assets, personal assets, personal assets, personal assets, personal assets
przedsiębiorstwo prowadzone w formie osoby prawnej (spółki), która posiada odrębną osobowość prawną od swoich właścicieli.
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incorporated business, incorporated business, incorporated business, incorporated business
incorporated business, incorporated business, incorporated business, incorporated business
incorporated business, incorporated business, incorporated business, incorporated business
Powód musi udowodnić bezprawność działania pozwanego.
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The claimant must prove the defendant’s wrongdoing. The claimant must prove the defendant’s wrongdoing. The claimant must prove the defendant’s wrongdoing.
The claimant must prove the defendant’s wrongdoing. The claimant must prove the defendant’s wrongdoing. The claimant must prove the defendant’s wrongdoing.
The claimant must prove the defendant’s wrongdoing. The claimant must prove the defendant’s wrongdoing. The claimant must prove the defendant’s wrongdoing.
domniemane naruszenie prawa (w szerokim sensie)
Lernen beginnen
alleged wrongdoing, alleged wrongdoing, alleged wrongdoing, alleged wrongdoing
alleged wrongdoing, alleged wrongdoing, alleged wrongdoing, alleged wrongdoing
alleged wrongdoing, alleged wrongdoing, alleged wrongdoing, alleged wrongdoing
założyć spółke kapitałową
Lernen beginnen
to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company,
to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company,
to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company, to incorporate a company,
założyciele spółki kapitałowej
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The founders of the company, the founders of the company, the founders of the company
The founders of the company, the founders of the company, the founders of the company
The founders of the company, the founders of the company, the founders of the company
pozwać spółkę za naruszenie umowy
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to sue a company for breach of contract, to sue a company for breach of contract, to sue company for breach of contract
to sue a company for breach of contract, to sue a company for breach of contract, to sue company for breach of contract
to sue a company for breach of contract, to sue a company for breach of contract, to sue company for breach of contract
wnieść pozew przeciwko spółce
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to bring an action against a company / to file a lawsuit against a company, to bring an action against a company / to file a lawsuit against a company, to bring an action against a company / to file a lawsuit against a company
to bring an action against a company / to file a lawsuit against a company, to bring an action against a company / to file a lawsuit against a company, to bring an action against a company / to file a lawsuit against a company
to bring an action against a company / to file a lawsuit against a company, to bring an action against a company / to file a lawsuit against a company, to bring an action against a company / to file a lawsuit against a company
zwrot z inwestycji
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return on investment (ROI), return on investment (ROI), return on investment (ROI),
return on investment (ROI), return on investment (ROI), return on investment (ROI),
return on investment (ROI), return on investment (ROI), return on investment (ROI),
stać się niewypłacalnym
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to become insolvent
wartość nominalna to stała cena, która się nie zmienia
Lernen beginnen
nominal value is a fixed price that doesn't change, nominal value is a fixed price that doesn't change, nominal value is a fixed price that doesn't change
nominal value is a fixed price that doesn't change, nominal value is a fixed price that doesn't change, nominal value is a fixed price that doesn't change
nominal value is a fixed price that doesn't change, nominal value is a fixed price that doesn't change, nominal value is a fixed price that doesn't change
wartość nominalna
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nominal value, par value, face value / nominal value, par value, face value / nominal value, par value, face value
nominal value, par value, face value / nominal value, par value, face value / nominal value, par value, face value
nominal value, par value, face value / nominal value, par value, face value / nominal value, par value, face value
maksymalna wysokość kapitału zakładowego (nominalnej wartości udziałów/akcji), jaką spółka może wyemitować zgodnie ze swoim aktem założycielskim (np. memorandum/articles of association).
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Authorised share capital, Authorised share capital, Authorised share capital, Authorised share capital
Authorised share capital, Authorised share capital, Authorised share capital, Authorised share capital
wyemitowany kapitał spółki
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the issued share capital, the issued share capital, the issued share capital the issued share capital,
the issued share capital, the issued share capital, the issued share capital the issued share capital,
the issued share capital, the issued share capital, the issued share capital the issued share capital,
wartość rynkowa akcji
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the market value of the shares. the market value of the shares. the market value of the shares.
the market value of the shares. the market value of the shares. the market value of the shares.
the market value of the shares. the market value of the shares. the market value of the shares.
spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością o charakterze prywatnym, której udziały nie są publiczną usługą ani notowaną na giełdzie.
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Private limited company (Ltd)
Spółka akcyjna
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Public limited company
jednoosobowa spółka kapitałowa
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single member company, single member company, single member company, single member company
single member company, single member company, single member company, single member company
single member company, single member company, single member company, single member company
spółka jawna
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partnership
spółka komandytowa
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limited partnership
założyć spółkę z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością
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to incorporate a private limited company
mieć nieograniczoną odpowiedzialność za wszystkie długi przedsiębiorstwa
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to have unlimited liability for all the debts of business, to have unlimited liability for all the debts of business, to have unlimited liability for all the debts of business
to have unlimited liability for all the debts of business, to have unlimited liability for all the debts of business, to have unlimited liability for all the debts of business
to have unlimited liability for all the debts of business, to have unlimited liability for all the debts of business, to have unlimited liability for all the debts of business
akt założycielski spółki, dokument założycielski
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memorandum of association
certyfikat o rejestracji spółki
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certificate of Incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of incorporation
certificate of Incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of incorporation
certificate of Incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, certificate of incorporation
spółka założona na sprzedaż
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off-the-shelf company, off the-shelf company, off the shelf company, off the shelf company
off-the-shelf company, off the-the shelf company, off the shelf company, off the shelf company
off-the-shelf company, off the-shelf company, off the shelf company, off the shelf company
podmiot (osoba lub firma), który zawodowo zajmuje się zakładaniem spółek w imieniu klientów.
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Company formation agent
Oświadczenie o spełnieniu wymogów formalnych
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statement of compliance, statement of compliance, statement of compliance, statement of compliance
statement of compliance, statement of compliance, statement of compliance, statement of compliance
statement of compliance, statement of compliance, statement of compliance, statement of compliance
siedziba spółki
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registered office of the company, registered office of the company, registered office of the company
registered office of the company, registered office of the company, registered office of the company
registered office of the company, registered office of the company, registered office of the company
makler giełdowy
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stockbroker
interpunkcja
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punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation
punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation
punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation
struktura zdania
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sentence structure
kolejność słów w pytaniach
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word order in questions, word order in questions, word order in questions, word order in questions
word order in questions, word order in questions, word order in questions, word order in questions
word order in questions, word order in questions, word order in questions, word order in questions
szyk wyrazów w zdaniu
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word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence,
word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence,
word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence,
w niedalekiej przyszłości
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in the near future
w obecnym czasie
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at the present time, at the present time, at the present time, at the present time, at the present time
at the present time, at the present time, at the present time, at the present time, at the present time
at the present time, at the present time, at the present time, at the present time, at the present time
w przypadku jeśli
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in the event if
tak długo jak, przez taki okres w którym
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during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
during such time as, during such time as, firing such time as, during such time as
during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
do czasu
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until such time as
że strony, po stronie
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on the part of, on the part of, on the part of, on the part of
word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence,
word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence, word order in the sentence,
z jego strony nie było zamiaru
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there was no intention on his part, there was no intention on his part, there was no intention on his part
there was no intention on his part, there was no intention on his part, there was no intention on his part
there was no intention on his part, there was no intention on his part, there was no intention on his part
Ciężar dowodu w tym zakresie nie spoczywa na powodzie.
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The burden of proof does not rest on the part of the claimant in this respect. The burden of proof does not rest on the part of the claimant in this respect. The burden of proof does not rest on the part of the claimant in this respect.
The burden of proof does not rest on the part of the claimant in this respect. The burden of proof does not rest on the part of the claimant in this respect. The burden of proof does not rest on the part of the claimant in this respect.
The burden of proof does not rest on the part of the claimant in this respect. The burden of proof does not rest on the part of the claimant in this respect. The burden of proof does not rest on the part of the claimant in this respect.
Najemca zobowiązany jest do zapłaty czynszu przez okres, w którym lokal jest zajmowany.
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The tenant shall pay rent during such time as the premises are occupied. The tenant shall pay rent during such time as the premises are occupied. The tenant shall pay rent during such time as the premises are occupied.
The tenant shall pay rent during such time as the premises are occupied. The tenant shall pay rent during such time as the premises are occupied. The tenant shall pay rent during such time as the premises are occupied.
Obowiązek trwa tak długo, jak długo umowa pozostaje w mocy
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The obligation shall continue during such time as the agreement remains in force. The obligation shall continue during such time as the agreement remains in force. The obligation shall continue during such time as the agreement remains in force.
The obligation shall continue during such time as the agreement remains in force. The obligation shall continue during such time as the agreement remains in force. The obligation shall continue during such time as the agreement remains in force.
The obligation shall continue during such time as the agreement remains in force. The obligation shall continue during such time as the agreement remains in force. The obligation shall continue during such time as the agreement remains in force.
Spółka została utworzona poprzez podpisanie aktu założycielskiego oraz przyjęcie umowy spółki.
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The company was incorporated upon execution of the Memorandum of Association and the adoption of the Articles of Association. The company was incorporated upon execution of the Memorandum of Association and the adoption of the Articles of Association.
The company was incorporated upon execution of the Memorandum of Association and the adoption of the Articles of Association. The company was incorporated upon execution of the Memorandum of Association and the adoption of the Articles of Association.
Akt założycielski tworzy spółkę, natomiast umowa spółki reguluje jej funkcjonowanie.
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The Memorandum of Association establishes the company, whereas the Articles of Association govern its internal management.
Założyciele, podpisując akt założycielski, zgodzili się utworzyć spółkę oraz być związani jej umową.
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The subscribers to the Memorandum of Association agreed to form the company and to be bound by its Articles of Association. The subscribers to the Memorandum of Association agreed to form the company and to be bound by its Articles of Association.
The subscribers to the Memorandum of Association agreed to form the company and to be bound by its Articles of Association. The subscribers to the Memorandum of Association agreed to form the company and to be bound by its Articles of Association.
The subscribers to the Memorandum of Association agreed to form the company and to be bound by its Articles of Association. The subscribers to the Memorandum of Association agreed to form the company and to be bound by its Articles of Association.
mieć tytuł prawny do czegoś
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to have legal ownership of sth
zaległości w alimentach, zaległości alimentacyjne
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child maintenance arrears
W okresie obowiązywania niniejszej umowy strony uzgadniają następujące warunki.”
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During such time as this contract is in effect, the parties agree to the following terms. During such time as this contract is in effect, the parties agree to the following terms.
During such time as this contract is in effect, the parties agree to the following terms. During such time as this contract is in effect, the parties agree to the following terms.
During such time as this contract is in effect, the parties agree to the following terms. During such time as this contract is in effect, the parties agree to the following terms.
w okresie którym
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during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
W przypadku naruszenia (umowy) strona naruszająca jest zobowiązana do usunięcia naruszenia w terminie siedmiu dni.
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In the event of a breach, the party in breach must provide a remedy within seven days. In the event of a breach, the party in breach must provide a remedy within seven days.
In the event of a breach, the party in breach must provide a remedy within seven days. In the event of a breach, the party in breach must provide a remedy within seven days.
In the event of a breach, the party in breach must provide a remedy within seven days. In the event of a breach, the party in breach must provide a remedy within seven days.
niezależnie powyższego
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notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing
notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing
notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing, notwithstanding the foregoing
„ponieważ”, „zważywszy że”, „mając na uwadze że”
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Inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as,
Inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch
Inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch
wzajemne zobowiązania
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reciprocal obligations, reciprocal obligations, reciprocal obligations,
reciprocal obligations, reciprocal obligations, reciprocal obligations,
reciprocal obligations, reciprocal obligations, reciprocal obligations,
świadczenia wzajemne
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reciprocal performances, reciprocal performances, reciprocal performances, reciprocal performances,
reciprocal performances, reciprocal performances, reciprocal performances, reciprocal performances,
reciprocal performances, reciprocal performances, reciprocal performances, reciprocal performances,
ogólne pojęcie obejmujące: działania sprzeczne z prawem lub obowiązkiem zachowania rodzące odpowiedzialność cywilną lub karną
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wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing
wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing
po stronie powoda
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on the part of the claimant, on the part of the claimant, on the part of the claimant, on the part of the claimant
on the part of the claimant, on the part of the claimant, on the part of the claimant, on the part of the claimant
on the part of the claimant, on the part of the claimant, on the part of the claimant, on the part of the claimant
ciężar dowodu
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the burden of proof, the burden of proof, the burden of proof,
the burden of the proof, the burden. of the proof, the burden of the proof,
the burden of proof, the burden of proof, the burden of proof,
pod tym względem, w tym zakresie
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in this respect, in this respect, in this respect, in this respect, in this respect
in this respect to, in this respect, in this respect, in this respect, in this respect
in this respect to, in this respect, in this respect, in this respect, in this respect
Obowiązek nie obciąża wykonawcy.
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The obligation does not rest on the contractor. The obligation does not rest on the contractor. The obligation does not rest on the contractor.
The obligation does not rest on the contractor. The obligation does not rest on the contractor. The obligation does not rest on the contractor.
The obligation does not rest on the contractor. The obligation does not rest on the contractor. The obligation does not rest on the contractor.
Każda ze stron postępowania sądowego musi przedstawić dowody.
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Each party to the court case must submit evidence. Each party to the court case must submit evidence. Each party to the court case must submit evidence.
Each party to the court case must submit evidence. Each party to the court case must submit evidence. Each party to the court case must submit evidence.
Each party to the court case must submit evidence. Each party to the court case must submit evidence. Each party to the court case must submit evidence.
ogólna podstawa powództwa (całość konstrukcji)
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general basis of the claim (the entire structure)
pozwany popełnił czyn niedozwolony
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the defendant committed an unlawful act
zachować należytą staranność
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to exercise reasonable care, to exercise reasonable care, to exercise reasonable care
to exercise reasonable care, to exercise reasonable care, to exercise reasonable care
niedopuszczalne dowody
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inadmissible evidence, inadmissible evidence, inadmissible evidence
inadmissible evidence, inadmissible evidence, inadmissible evidence
inadmissible evidence, inadmissible evidence, inadmissible evidence
przed / uprzednio / przed (określonym momentem lub zdarzeniem)
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prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to
Prior to the negotiations we had to consult our lawyers.
prior to, prior to, prior to
wyjść z użycia
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to fall out of use, to fall out of use, to fall out of use, to fall out of use
to fall out of use, to fall out of use, to fall out of use, to fall out of use
to fall out of use, to fall out of use, to fall out of use, to fall out of use
potwierdzić odbiór potwierdzić otrzymanie
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to acknowledge receipt, to acknowledge receipt, to acknowledge receipt,
to acknowledge receipt, to acknowledge receipt, to acknowledge receipt,
to acknowledge receipt, to acknowledge receipt, to acknowledge receipt,
detalista, sprzedawca detaliczny
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retailer
okres obowiązywania umowy
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term of the contract
Niniejsza umowa obowiązuje przez okres w niej określony.
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This agreement shall remain in force for the term specified herein. This agreement shall remain in force for the term specified herein. This agreement shall remain in force for the term specified herein.
This agreement shall remain in force for the term specified herein. This agreement shall remain in force for the term specified herein. This agreement shall remain in force for the term specified herein.
This agreement shall remain in force for the term specified herein. This agreement shall remain in force for the term specified herein. This agreement shall remain in force for the term specified herein.
Umowa na czas określony
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fixed term contract, fixed term contract, fixed term contract,
fixed term contract, fixed term contract, fixed term contract
fixed term contract, fixed term contract, fixed term contract
umowa na czas nieokreślony
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indefinite term contract, indefinite term contract, indefinite term contract
indefinite term contract, indefinite term contract, indefinite term contract
indefinite term contract, indefinite term contract, indefinite term contract
wygaśnięcie, (automatyczne wygaśnięcie z upływem czasu)
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expiration
z upływem okresu obowiązywania
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upon expiration of the term, upon expiration of the term, upon expiration of the term
upon expiration of the term, upon expiration of the term, upon expiration of the term
upon expiration of the term, upon expiration of the term, upon expiration of the term
przed upływem terminu
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prior to expiration
zaopatrzenie / nabywanie (towarów lub usług)
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procurement, procurement, procurement, procurement
procurement, procurement, procurement, procurement
procurement, procurement, procurement, procurement
Zamówienia publiczne podlegają ścisłym regulacjom prawnym.
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Public procurement is subject to strict legal regulations. Public procurement is subject to strict legal regulations.
Public procurement is subject to strict legal regulations. Public procurement is subject to strict legal regulations.
Public procurement is subject to strict legal regulations. Public procurement is subject to strict legal regulations.
ponieść odpowiedzialność
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to incure liability, to incure liability, to incure liability, to incure liability, to incure liability
to incure liability, to incure liability, to incure liability, to incure liability, to incure liability
to incure liability, to incure liability, to incure liability, to incure liability, to incure liability
ponieść straty
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to incure losses
ponieść karę pieniężną / narazić się na grzywnę
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to incur a fine
Umowa zakupowa określa warunki dostawy towarów.
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The procurement contract sets out the terms for the supply of goods. The procurement contract sets forth the terms for the supply of goods.
The procurement contract sets out the terms for the supply of goods. The procurement contract sets forth the terms for the supply of goods.
The procurement contract sets out the terms for the supply of goods. The procurement contract sets forth the terms for the supply of goods.
dalej (w niniejszym dokumencie)
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hereinafter, hereinafter, hereinafter,
hereinafter, hereinafter, hereinafter
hereinafter, hereinafter, hereinafter
osoby zwane dalej...
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the persons hereinafter named as...
na nim / na niej / na tym /
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Thereon
odsetki od tej kwoty
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interest thereon, interest thereon, interest thereon, interest thereon
interest thereon, interest thereon, interest thereon, interest thereon
interest thereon, interest thereon, interest thereon, interest thereon
prawa do tego (np. do rzeczy)
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rights thereon
prawo tworzone przez sędziów w szczelinach systemu
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interstitial legislation, interstitial legislation, interstitial legislation, interstitial legislation,
interstitial legislation, interstitial legislation, interstitial legislation, interstitial legislation,
interstitial legislation, interstitial legislation, interstitial legislation, interstitial legislation,
określić warunki umowy
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to set out the terms of the contract, to set out the terms of the contract, to set out the terms of the contract
to set out the terms of the contract, to set out the terms of the contract, to set out the terms of the contract
to set out the terms of the contract, to set out the terms of the contract, to set out the terms of the contract
proszę potwierdzić odbiór tego listu
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please acknowledge receipt of this letter, please acknowledge receipt of this letter, please acknowledge receipt of this letter
please acknowledge receipt of this letter, please acknowledge receipt of this letter, please acknowledge receipt of this letter
please acknowledge receipt of this letter, please acknowledge receipt of this letter, please acknowledge receipt of this letter
poniżej, w dalszej części tego dokumentu
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hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder
hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder
hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder
„dotychczas”, „do tej pory”, „przed niniejszym momentem”
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heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore
heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore
Wszelkie prawa powstałe dotychczas pozostają nienaruszone.
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All rights created so far remain unaffected.
w niniejszym dokumencie, w tym dokumencie
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herein
Strony wyrażają zgodę na postanowienia zawarte w niniejszym dokumencie.
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The parties agree to the provisions contained herein. The parties agree to the provisions contained herein. The parties agree to the provisions contained herein.
The parties agree to the provisions contained herein. The parties agree to the provisions contained herein. The parties agree to the provisions contained herein.
The parties agree to the provisions contained herein. The parties agree to the provisions contained herein. The parties agree to the provisions contained herein.
środek prawny przysługujący w razie naruszenia (umowy / obowiązku)
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remedy for a breach, remedy for a breach, remedy for a breach
remedy for a breach, remedy for a breach, remedy for a breach
punkt sprzedaży detalicznej
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retail outlet
coś, co ma pierwszeństwo i „przebija” inne względy → w teorii prawa: prawa jednostki nie mogą być poświęcone dla ogólnej korzyści (policy)
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Trump
Prawa działają jako „atuty” wobec celów zbiorowych
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Rights function as trumps over collective goals.
Prawo powoda przeważa nad interesem publicznym
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The claimant's right trumps any competing public interest.
Hart dopuszcza uznanie sędziowskie; Dworkin ogranicza ją, traktując prawa jako atuty.
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Hart allows for judicial discretion; Dworkin constrains it by treating rights as trumps.
prawa jednostki stanowią normatywne ograniczenie decyzji sądu, wyłączając możliwość ich poświęcenia na rzecz celów polityki większości.
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rights are trumps
do tego, to tej (kwestii)
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thereto, thereto, thereto, thereto
thereto, thereto, thereto, thereto
thereto, thereto, thereto, thereto
prawa i obowiązki z tym związane
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rights and obligations relating thereto, rights and obligations relating thereto, rights and obligations relating thereto, rights and obligations relating thereto
rights and obligations relating thereto, rights and obligations relating thereto, rights and obligations relating thereto, rights and obligations relating thereto
rights and obligations relating thereto, rights and obligations relating thereto, rights and obligations relating thereto, rights and obligations relating thereto
cło przywozowe, cło przywozowe
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import duty
przewóz/ transport
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carriage
przewóz towarów
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carriage of goods
w tranzycie, w trakcie transportu, w drodze
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in transit
najemca, dzierżawca
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hirer
na pokładzie
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on board
niewykonanie / naruszenie (często brak zapłaty)
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default, default, default, default, default, default
default, default, default, default, default, default
default, default, default, default, default, default
pozostawać w zwłoce / być w stanie naruszenia zobowiązania, najczęściej: nie wykonać obowiązku w terminie, zwłaszcza płatności.
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to be in default, to be in default, to be in default, to be in default,
to be in default, to be in default, to be in default, to be in default,
to be in default, to be in default, to be in default, to be in default,
zdarzenie naruszenia (np. brak płatności)
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event of default, event of default, event of default, event of default
event of default, event of default, event of default, event of default
Strona nienaruszająca może dochodzić odszkodowania.
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The non-breaching party may claim damages. The non-breaching party may claim damages. The non-breaching party may claim damages
The non-breaching party may claim damages. The non-breaching party may claim damages. The non-breaching party may claim damages
The non-breaching party may claim damages. The non-breaching party may claim damages. The non-breaching party may claim damages
przedawniony dług
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a time barred debt, a time barred debt, a time barred debt, a time barred debt
a time barred debt, a time barred debt, a time barred debt, a time barred debt
a time barred debt, a time barred debt, a time barred debt, a time barred debt
termin przedawnienia
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limitation period
ulegać przedawnieniu
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to be time-barred
podnieść zarzut przedawnienia
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to raise the defence of limitation, to raise the defence of limitation, to raise the defence of limitation
to raise the defence of limitation, to raise the defence of limitation, to raise the defence of limitation
to raise the defence of limitation, to raise the defence of limitation, to raise the defence of limitation
Pozwany podniósł zarzut przedawnienia w odpowiedzi na pozew.
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The defendant raised the defence of limitation in its statement of defence. The defendant raised the defence of limitation in its statement of defence. The defendant raised the defence of limitation in its statement of defence
The defendant raised the defence of limitation in its statement of defence. The defendant raised the defence of limitation in its statement of defence. The defendant raised the defence of limitation in its statement of defence
The defendant raised the defence of limitation in its statement of defence. The defendant raised the defence of limitation in its statement of defence. The defendant raised the defence of limitation in its statement of defence
Zapłata musi zostać dokonana w chwili dostarczenia towaru.
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Payment shall be made upon delivery of the goods. Payment shall be made upon delivery of the goods. Payment shall be made upon delivery of the goods.
Payment shall be made upon delivery of the goods. Payment shall be made upon delivery of the goods. Payment shall be made upon delivery of the goods.
Payment shall be made upon delivery of the goods. Payment shall be made upon delivery of the goods. Payment shall be made upon delivery of the goods.
Wyżej wymieniona umowa pozostaje w mocy
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The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force. The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force. The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force. The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force.
The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force. The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force. The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force. The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force.
The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force. The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force. The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force. The aforementioned agreement shall remain in force.
Wyżej wymienione strony uzgadniają co następuje.
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The aforementioned parties agree as follows:, The aforementioned parties agree as follows, The aforementioned parties agree as follows, The aforementioned parties agree as follows:
The aforementioned parties agree as follows:, The aforementioned parties agree as follows, The aforementioned parties agree as follows, The aforementioned parties agree as follows:
The aforementioned parties agree as follows:, The aforementioned parties agree as follows, The aforementioned parties agree as follows, The aforementioned parties agree as follows:
wspomniane, wyżej wymienione
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aforsaid
strony umowy
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parties to the contract
strony procesu
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parties to a trial
wykonać, zrealizować, przeprowadzić
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to carry sth out
stawiać sobie za cel zrobienie czegoś
Postawił sobie za cel udział w maratonie.
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set out to do something
He set out to take part in a marathon.
określać, wskazywać, przedstawiać
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to set out, to set out, to set out, to set out, to set out
to set out, to set out, to set out, to set out, to set out
to set out, to set out, to set out, to set out, to set out
Prawa i obowiązki określone w niniejszym dokumencie są wiążące.
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The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding. The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding. The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding. The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding
The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding. The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding. The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding. The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding
The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding. The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding. The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding. The rights and obligations set out herein shall be binding
Warunki zostały określone w klauzuli 5.
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The terms are set out in Clause 5
Powód przedstawił stan faktyczny.
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The claimant set out the facts of the case.
w przypadku niewykonania, w przypadku naruszenia (zobowiązania, umowy), w przypadku niewykonania zobowiązania, w razie zwłoki, w przypadku naruszenia warunków umowy przez dłużnika.
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in the event of default
Ponieważ pozwany nie wykonał umowy, powód jest uprawniony do odszkodowania.
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Inasmuch as the Defendant failed to perform the contract, the Claimant is entitled to damages.
Z uwagi na niewystarczające dowody powództwo należy oddalić.
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Inasmuch as the evidence is insufficient, the claim must be dismissed.
strona przeciwna
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adverse party
pogarda
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contempt, disdain, scorn
W przypadku niewywiązania się z zobowiązania
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In the event of default
W przypadku niewykonania zobowiązania pożyczkodawca może rozwiązać umowę.
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In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement.
In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement.
In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement. In the event of default, the lender may terminate the agreement.
naruszenie prawa w sensie ogólnym
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legal wrong
bezprawny czyn
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wrongful act, wrongful act, wrongful act wrongful act, wrongful act, wrongful act
bezprawne zwolnienie
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wrongful discharge
bezprawna ingerencja
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wrongful interference, wrongful interference wrongful interference, wrongful interference
wrongful interference, wrongful interference wrongful interference, wrongful interference
wrongful interference, wrongful interference wrongful interference, wrongful interference
czyn bezprawny, czyn niedozwolony
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wrongful act
Pozwany dopuścił się czynu bezprawnego.
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The defendant committed a wrongful act.
działać z zamiarem wyrządzenia krzywdy
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to act with intent to cause a harm
wnieść roszczenie przeciwko komuś
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to make a claim against someone/ to bring a claim against someone
Zachowanie powodujące szkodę innej osobie określa się jako czyn niedozwolony (tort).
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Conduct that causes harm to another person is referred to as a tort.
ponosić odpowiedzialność za czyny niedozwolony
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to be liable in tort
kategoria, rodzaj odpowiedzialności deliktowej
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head of torts
wnieść powództwo z tytułu czynu niedozwolonego
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to bring an action in tort
odszkodowania wyrównawcze
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compensatory damages
odszkodowanie
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damages
Odszkodowanie jest podstawowym środkiem o groby w prawie deliktów
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Damages are the usual remedy in tort law.
Powód dochodzi odszkodowania za naruszenie umowy.
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The claimant is seeking damages for breach of contract.
Sąd zasądził odszkodowanie na rzecz powoda.
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The court awarded damages to the claimant.
ingerować w prawa
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to interfere with rights
ingerować w cudzą własność naruszac własność
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to interfere with property
zakłócać postępowanie
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to interfere with proceedings
zakłócać wykonanie umowy
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to interfere with performance of a contract, to interfere with performance of a contract, to interfere with performance of a contract
to interfere with performance of a contract, to interfere with performance of a contract, to interfere with performance of a contract
to interfere with performance of a contract, to interfere with performance of a contract, to interfere with performance of a contract
wytoczyć powództwo przeciwko sprawcy czynu niedozwolonego
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to bring a tort claim against the tortfeasor, to sue the tortfeasor. to bring a tort claim against the tortfeasor, to sue the tortfeasor. to bring a tort claim against the tortfeasor, to sue the tortfeasor.
Argument ten pasuje do teorii zasad Dworkina. Ten argument wpisuje się w teorię zasad Dworkina.
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This argument fits into Dworkin’s theory of principles.
Z zastrzeżeniem powyższych postanowień, strony mogą rozwiązać umowę w każdym czasie.
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Subject to the foregoing provisions, the parties may terminate the agreement at any time. Subject to the foregoing provisions, the parties may terminate the agreement at any time.
Subject to the foregoing provisions, the parties may terminate the agreement at any time. Subject to the foregoing provisions, the parties may terminate the agreement at any time
Subject to the foregoing provisions, the parties may terminate the agreement at any time. Subject to the foregoing provisions, the parties may terminate the agreement at any time
popełnić czyn niedozwolony
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to commit a tort
odpowiedzialność deliktowa
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liability in tort, liability in tort, liability in tort,
liability in tort, liability in tort, liability in tort,
liability in tort, liability in tort, liability in tort,
Naruszenie umowy jest naruszeniem prawa cywilnego, ale nie jest czynem niedozwolonym.
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Breach of contract is a civil wrong, but not a tort.
bezprawne wkroczenie na cudzą nieruchomość, naruszenie posiadania nieruchomości
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trespass to land, trespass to land, tressoas to land, trespass to land, trespass to land
trespass to land, trespass to land, tressoas to land, trespass to land, trespass to land
trespass to land, trespass to land, tressoas to land, trespass to land, trespass to land
naruszenie nietykalności osobistej
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trespass to the person
roszczenie deliktowe, roszczenie z tytułu czynu niedozwolonego
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tort claim
Sąd oddalił roszczenie deliktowe z powodu braku dowodów.
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The court dismissed the tort claim due to lack of evidence.
pozwać kogoś z powodu (na podstawie) niedbalstwa
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to sue someone for negligence, to sue someone for negligence, to due someone for negligence, to sue someone for negligence
to sue someone for negligence, to sue someone for negligence, to due someone for negligence, to due someone for negligence
to sue someone for negligence, to sue someone for negligence, to due someone for negligence, to sue someone for negligence
pozwać kogoś z tytułu (na podstawie) niedbalstwa
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to sue somebody on the grounds of negligence
mieć obowiązek należytej staranności
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to have a duty of care, to have a duty of care, to have a duty of care
to have a duty of care, to have a duty of care, to have a duty of care
to have a duty of care, to have a duty of care, to have a duty of care
pozwać (kogoś) z tytułu bezprawnego pozbawienia wolności
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to sue (someone) for unlawful deprivation of liberty
delikt naruszenia nietykalności (zagrożenia naruszeniem) osoby / groźba bezpośredniego naruszenia
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the tort of assault
imisje
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niusance
ponosić odpowiedzialność za działania i zaniechania
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to be liable for acts and omissions, to be liable for acts and omissions, to be liable for acts and omissions,
to be liable for acts and omissions, to be liable for acts and omissions, to be liable for acts and omissions,
to be liable for acts and omissions, to be liable for acts and omissions, to be liable for acts and omissions,
w tych samych okolicznościach
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under the same circumstances
większość przypadków opiera się na czynie niedozwolonym z tytułu zaniedbania
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the majority of cases are based on the tort of negligence, the majority of cases are based on the tort of negligence, the majority of cases are based on the tort of negligence,
the majority of cases are based on the tort of negligence, the majority of cases are based on the tort of negligence, the majority of cases are based on the tort of negligence,
the majority of cases are based on the tort of negligence, the majority of cases are based on the tort of negligence, the majority of cases are based on the tort of negligence,
Ponoszę odpowiedzialność za naruszenie obowiązku staranności tylko w określonych sytuacjach
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I'm only liable for breaching my duty of care to people in certain situations
w niektórych sytuacjach
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in certain situations, in certain situations, in certain situations, in certain situations
in certain situations, in certain situations, in certain situations, in certain situations
in certain situations, in certain situations, in certain situations, in certain situations
wtedy, w tym czasie, w danym momencie
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at the time
w żądanym czasie
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at the time requested
działać odstraszająco wobec niedbałego (niedbałego/należytej staranności pozbawionego) zachowania
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to act as a deterrent against negligent conduct
jako środek odstraszający
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as a deterrent
niedbałe zachowanie, zachowanie noszące znamiona niedbalstwa
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negligent conduct
ponosić odpowiedzialność za niedbałe postępowanie
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to be liable for negligent conduct
wnieść roszczenie przeciwko osobie
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to make a claim against a person
złożyć roszczenie przeciwko osobie
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to file a claim against a person
wnieść roszczenie przeciwko osobie
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to bring a claim against a person
mieć wobec kogoś obowiązek należytej staranności
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to owe a duty of care to somebody
prowizja z udzielenie kredytu, opłata przygotowawcza
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arrangement fee, initial fee
konto biznesowe, rachunek firmowy
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business account
kradzież tożsamości
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identity theft, identity theft, identity theft,
identity theft, identity theft, identity theft,
identity theft, identity theft, identity theft,
niespłacanie kredytu, niewykonanie zobowiązania kredytowego
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loan default
odbiór towaru
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receipt of goods
pokwitowanie, paragon
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receipt
stan cywilny
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martial status
spłacić pożyczkę
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to repay the loan
Odsetki od zaległości naliczane są w wysokości piętnastu procent.
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Interest is accruing on the arrears at the rate of fifteen percent. Interest is accruing on the arrears at the rate of fifteen percent. Interest is accruing on the arrears at the rate of fifteen percent.
Interest is accruing on the arrears at the rate of fifteen percent. Interest is accruing on the arrears at the rate of fifteen percent. Interest is accruing on the arrears at the rate of fifteen percent.
Interest is accruing on the arrears at the rate of fifteen percent. Interest is accruing on the arrears at the rate of fifteen percent. Interest is accruing on the arrears at the rate of fifteen percent.
naliczać odsetki
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to accure interest
wnioskodawca, aplikant
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applicant
wypłacalny, na plusie, bez zadłużenia
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in the black
zadłużony, niewypłacalny, na minusie
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in the red
zwłoka, niewykonanie zobowiązania
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default, default, default, default, default, default
default, default, default, default, default, default
default, default, default, default, default, default
pożyczkobiorca jest w zwłoce
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the borrower is in default
konto oszczędnościowe
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savings account
wolny od wszelkich obciążeń
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free and clear of any encumbrances
dający sie odróżnić, rozpoznawalny odmienny
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distinguishable
ratio decidendi (uzasadnienie prawne; zasady prawne, wiążące)
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ratio decidendi (legal reasoning; legal principles, binding)
obiter dictum (coś, co nie jest naprawdę konieczne dla podstawy prawnej
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obiter dictum (is something that is not really necessary for the legal basis for
zamiar stworzenia stosunku prawnego, zamiar wywołania skutków prawnych
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intention to create a legal relationship
spełnić świadczenie wzajemne
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to provide consideration
być sprzecznym z czymś
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to be contrary to sth
być sprzecznym z prawem
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to be contrary to the law
Niniejsza umowa będzie wiążąca dla stron
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This agreement shall be binding upon the parties
Zobowiązania te będą wiążące dla następców prawnych i cesjonariuszy.
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The obligations shall be binding upon the successors and assigns
być wiążącym co do
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to be binding upon sth, to be binding upon something, to be binding upon something
Kupujący nabył nieruchomość za ustaloną cenę.
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The buyer purchased the property at the agreed price.
w cenie, za cenę
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at the price
pod przymusem
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under duress
pod groźbą i przymusem
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under threat and duress
mieć zdolność do zawierania umów, mieć zdolność kontraktową
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to have capacity to contract
wykonać umowę
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to discharge a contract
umowa jest zrealizowana
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the contract is discharged
Umowa podlega wykonaniu przez sąd – umowa jest prawnie wykonalna / może być dochodzona przed sądem.
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The contract is enforceable by a court.
wykonalne prawnie, prawnie wykonalne
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legally enforceable
strona poszkodowana
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injured party
strona naruszającą umowę
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the party in breach
Strona naruszająca postanowienia umowy odpowiada za szkody.
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The party in breach is liable for damages.
przygotować umowę
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to draft a contract
dotrzymać umowy
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to honour a contract
naruszyć umowę
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to breach a contract
roszczenie o odszkodowanie
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claim for damages
roszczenie o zapłatę
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claim for payment
roszczenie z tytułu naruszenia umowy
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claim for breach of contract
uzyskać uprawnienia do wykonywania zawodu prawnika
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to qualify as a lawyer
Uzyskała uprawnienia prawnicze w 2018 r.
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She qualified as a lawyer in 2018.
reprezentować klienta, działać w imieniu klienta
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to act for a client
orzekać jako sędzia
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to sit as a judge
wystąpić z roszczeniem/ wnieść pozew
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to issue a claim
złożyć pozew o odszkodowanie
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to issue a claim for damages
być żonatym / żonatą
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to be married to somebody
być w pełni opłaconym (na zwolnieniu)
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to be on full pay
odbywać aplikację / praktykę zawodową prawniczą.
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to do a training contract
nosić perukę w sądzie
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to wear a wig in the court
aplikacja prawnicza
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training contract
obsługa transakcji nieruchomościowych
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conveyancing
prawnik zajmujący się obrotem nieruchomości
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conveyancing solicitor
wykonany przez sąd nadający się do wykonania przez sąd
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enforcable by a court
przekazać, przenieść
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convey
przeniesc własność nieruchomości
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to convey the property
przenieść tytuł prawny do czegoś
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to convey the title to something
potwierdzenie odbioru
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acknowledgement of receipt
zabezpieczenie może zostać ustanowiony na nieruchomości, maszynach lub prawach własności intelektualnej.
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A fixed charge may be created over land, machinery, or intellectual property rights.
nie spłacać pożyczki
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to default on a payment
sporządzanie testamentu
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making a will
pozwać kogoś za naruszenie umowy
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to sue somebody for breach of a contract
Kiedy uzyskałeś kwalifikacje prawnika?
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when did you qualify as a lawyer
zakładanie firmy, tworzenie firmy
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setting up a business, forming a business, setting up a business, forming a business, setting up a business, forming a business,
setting up a business, forming a business, setting up a business, forming a business, setting up a business, forming a business,
setting up a business, forming a business, setting up a business, forming a business, setting up a business, forming a business,
prowadzenie biznesu
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running business
domagać się odszkodowania w wysokości 50 000 zł
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to claim damages of 50,000 pln
lokator, najemca
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tenant
zwolnić kogoś z przyczyn ekonomicznych zwolnić kogoś z powodu redukcji etatu
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to make somebody redundant, to make somebody redundant, to make somebody redundant
to make somebody redundant, to make somebody redundant, to make somebody redundant
to make somebody redundant, to make somebody redundant, to make somebody redundant
wejść z kimś w spółkę
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to go into partnership with someone, to go into partnership with someone, to go into partnership with someone
to go into partnership with someone, to go into partnership with someone, to go into partnership with someone
to go into partnership with someone, to go into partnership with someone, to go into partnership with someone
procedury upadłościowe
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insolvency procedures
niewypłacalność
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insolvency
wystawić czek na 100 dolarów
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to issue a check for $100
wystawić czek na
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to issue a check for
prawo właścicieli i najemców
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landlords and tenants law
ustalenie brak pracy brak opłat
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no win no fee arrangement
otrzymać równe wynagrodzenie za wykonywanie tej samej pracy
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to get equal pay for doing the same job
zajmować się sprawami własności intelektualnej
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to handle intellectual property cases
poprowadzić sprawę jako pełnomocnik, argumentować sprawę
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pleading a case
pewny siebie adwokat
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confident advocate
on jest pewnym siebie adwokatem, który przedstawia przekonujące argumenty w sądzie
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he is a confident advocate who presents persuasive arguments in court
sporządzanie pism procesowych
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drafting pleadings
zasądzać odszkodowanie
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to award damages
wszcząć postępowanie sądowe, wnieść sprawę do sądu
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to issue a legal proceedings
otworzyć konto w banku
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to open an account with a bank
dokonać wypłaty z konta bankowego
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to make a withdrawal from a bank account
być objętym polisą ubezpieczeniową
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to be covered by insurance policy
zanotować stratę, być na minusie
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to go into the red
otworzyć konto
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to open a bank account
wypłacić pieniądze z konta bankowego
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to withdraw money from a bank account
podjąć kroki, aby coś zrobić
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to take steps to do something
uczynić coś nieważnym, spowodować nieważność czegoś, doprowadzić do tego, że coś staje się nieważne.
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To render something invalid, to render something invalid, to render something invalid
To render something invalid, to render something invalid, to render something invalid
To render something invalid, to render something invalid, to render something invalid
Brak zdolności może spowodować nieważność umowy.
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Lack of capacity may render the contract invalid.
przypisywać cos do czegoś, uznawać coś za skutek czegoś
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to attribute sth to sth
odsetki naliczane są od długu
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interest accrues on the debt,
od niezapłaconej kwoty naliczane są odsetki
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interest accrues on the unpaid amount
odsetki naliczane są od daty wymagalności
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interest accrues from the due date, interest accrues from the due date, interest accrued from the due date
popaść w zaległości z czymś
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to fall into arrears with sth, to fall into arrears with sth, to fall into arrears with sth
to fall into arrears with sth, to fall into arrears with sth, to fall into arrears with sth
to fall into arrears with sth, to fall into arrears with sth, to fall into arrears with sth
Najemca popadł w zaległość z czynszem.
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The tenant fell into arrears with rent. The tenant fell into arrears with rent. The tenant fell into arrears with rent.
The tenant fell into arrears with rent. The tenant fell into arrears with rent. The tenant fell into arrears with rent.
The tenant fell into arrears with rent. The tenant fell into arrears with rent. The tenant fell into arrears with rent.
zaległości podatkowe
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tax arrears
zaległości hipoteczne, zaległości w spłacie kredytu hipotecznego
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mortgage arrears
Od każdej zaległej kwoty naliczane są odsetki.
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Interest accrues on any amount that falls into arrears.
zaciągnąć pożyczkę w banku
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to take out a bank loan
procent od kapitału, stopa procentowa, oprocentowanie
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rate of interest
realizować transakcje
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to process a transaction
limit kredytowy w rachunku bankowym
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overdraft facility
ma zaległości w spłacie rat kredytu
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he is in arrears in the loan payments
Odsetki za zwłokę naliczane są od zaległej kwoty w wysokości 15% w skali roku.
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Default interest is accruing on the outstanding amount at the rate of 15% per annum.
naliczać odsetki
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to charge intrests, to accure interests
precedens, prawo ustanowione przez sędziów
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precedent, judge-made law
źródło prawa
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a source of law
przygotować projekt ustawy
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to draft a bill
przygotować umowę, sporządzić umowę
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to draw up a contract
zaproponować poprawkę
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to suggest an amendment
ustanowić nowe prawo
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to form a new law
wydać wyrok
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to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement
to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement
to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement, to hand down a judgement
wydać nowy precedens
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to issue a new precedent
przedstawić propozycję ugody
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to put forward a proposal for settlement
projekt ustawy ma zostać przedstawiony parlamentowi
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a bill is to put forward for Parliament
poprawki do projektu ustawy
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amendments to the bill
strona trzecia umowy
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a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract
a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract
a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract, a third party to a contract
egzekwować, dochodzić wykonania postanowienia umowy
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to enforce a term
wyraźne przenieść na kogoś prawa lub korzyści
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to expressly confer a right or a benefit upon someone
wykładnia umowy
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the construction of a contract
umowa egzekwowana
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enforceable contract
egzekwowane prawo
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enforceable right
egzekwowalny warunek
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enforceable term
środek ochrony prawnej w razie naruszenie umowy
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a remedy for breach of contract
nakaz, zabezpieczenie
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an injunction
nakaz wykonania umowy zgodnie z treścią umowy
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specific performance
rzekomo wykluczać, zmierzać do wykluczenia
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purport to exclude
jeżeli w postanowieniu umownym przewidziano wyłączenie, gdy postanowienie umowy ma na celu wyłączenie
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when the term of the contract purports to exclude, when the term of the contract purports to exclude, when the term of the contract purports to exclude
when the term of the contract purports to exclude, when the term of the contract purports to exclude, when the term of the contract purports to exclude
when the term of the contract purports to exclude, when the term of the contract purports to exclude, when the term of the contract purports to exclude
ograniczyć odpowiedzialność za naruszenie obowiązku
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to restrict liability for breach of duty
powstające w trakcie
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arising in the course of
powstające w trakcie każdej działalności gospodarczej
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rising in the course of any business
będzie nieważne w każdym przypadku
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shall be void in any cases
Takie postanowienie będzie nieważne we wszystkich przypadkach.
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Such a term shall be void in all cases. Such a term shall be void in all cases. Such a term shall be void in all cases.
Such a term shall be void in all cases. Such a term shall be void in all cases. Such a term shall be void in all cases.
Such a term shall be void in all cases. Such a term shall be void in all cases. Such a term shall be void in all cases.
oferta
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offer
dostawa
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delivery
pozwać o wykonanie prawnie wiążącej obietnicy
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to sue on a promise
oferta określa sposób przyjęcia
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the offer specifies the method of acceptance
Świadczenie musi być wzajemne, tzn. obie strony muszą wykonać świadczenie.
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The consideration must be reciprocal, with both parties providing consideration
Nałożyć gorący wosk na spód papieru i przycisnąć do niego pierścień rodzinny
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To put hot wax on the bottom of the paper and press a famili ring to it
W kontekście prawnym oznacza to umowę formalnie „zapieczętowaną” (historycznie np. lakiem i sygnetem), co nadawało jej szczególną moc prawną, czasem nawet bez konieczności świadczenia wzajemnego (consideration).
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the contract under seal
w zamian za zapłatę
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in consideration of the payment
odwołać ofertę
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to revoke an offer
odrzucić ofertę
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to reject an offer
złożyć kontrofertę
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to make a counter offer
zyskać korzyść
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to gain benefit
być sprzeczne z opinią publiczną
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to be contrary to the public
sporządzić dokument na piśmie
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to draw up a document in writing, to draw up a document in writing, to draw up a document in writing
przekazać darowiznę na cele charytatywne
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to make a donation to charity
pozwany nie wykonał swojego obowiązku.
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defendant failed to perform his duty.
znać coś, być zaznajomionym z czymś
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to be familiar with sth
Posiadam doświadczenie w prawie handlowym
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I have experience in commercial law
ustawowe prawa i obowiązki
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statutory rights and obligations
prawa i obowiązki umowne
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contractual rights and obligations
doradzać klientowi w zakresie przestrzegania prawa / zgodności z prawem.
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To advise a client on complying with the law, to advise client on complying with s law, to advise client on complying with a law
To advise a client on complying with the law, to advise client on complying with s law, to advise client on complying with a law
To advise a client on complying with the law, to advise client on complying with s law, to advise client on complying with a law
doradztwo w zakresie wszystkich aspektów prawa dyskryminacyjnego
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advising of all aspects discrimination law
występowanie w imieniu klienta przed sądem pracy
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acting on behalf of the client at the employment tribunal
być upoważnionym do zwolnienia chorobowego
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to be entitled to sick leave
pracować w prawie pracy (zajmować się)
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to work in employment law
poradzić sobie z problemem / radzić sobie trudną sytuacją
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to cope with a problem / a difficult situation
zwiększyć liczbę, wzrosnąć liczbowo
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to increase in number
zgodnie z obowiązującym ustawodawstwem
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under current legislation
zgodnie z obowiązującym prawem
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under current law
przyczyniać się do czegoś
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to contribute to sth
przechowywać informację na komputerze
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to hold information on a computer
być na bieżąco z prawem
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to keep up to date with the law
sprawa związana z wiekiem
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age related case
adres, na który należy przesyłać powiadomienia
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address for notices to be served, address for notices to be served, address for notices to be serve
address for notices to he served, address for notices to be served, address for notices to be served
address for notices to he served, address for notices to be served, address for notices to be served
procedura składania skarg, procedura skargowa
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grievance procedure, grievance procedure, grievance procedure, grievance procedure
grievance procedure, grievance procedure, grievance procedure, grievance procedure
grievance procedure, grievance procedure, grievance procedure, grievance procedure
wynagrodzenie płatne na podstawie umowy
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remuneration payable under the contract
wpłacać pieniądze na konto bankowe
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to deposit money into a bank account, to pay money into a bank account, to deposit money into a bank account, to pay money into a bank account
to deposit money into a bank account, to pay money into a bank account, to deposit money into a bank account, to pay money into a bank account
to deposit money into a bank account, to pay money into a bank account, to deposit money into a bank account, to pay money into a bank account
istotne naruszenie postanowień umowy
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materiał breach of the provisions of the agreement
Bez uszczerbku dla powyższych przepisów...
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Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions, without prejudice to the foregoing provisions, without prejudice to the foregoing provisions
Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions, without prejudice to the foregoing provisions, without prejudice to the foregoing provisions
Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions, without prejudice to the foregoing provisions, without prejudice to the foregoing provisions
zostać skazanym za przestępstwo
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to be convicted of a crime, to be convicted of a crime, to be convicted of a crime
to be convicted of a crime, to be convicted of a crime, to be convicted of a crime
to be convicted of a crime, to be convicted of a crime, to be convicted of a crime
nałożyć na kogoś karę
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to impose a penalty on someone
niekorzystnie wpłynąć na coś
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to adversely effect on sth
w odniesieniu do czegoś
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in respect of sth
zapłata została dokonana zgodnie z fakturą
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payment was made in respect of the invoice
powód domaga się odszkodowania w związku z
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the claimant seeks damages in respect of
rozwiązać spór, doprowadzić do zakończenia sporu
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to sort the dispute out
przeprowadzić rozprawę
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to hold a hearing
przeprowadzić rozprawę w celu zbadania faktów sprawy
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to hold a hearing to examine the facts of the case
Rozprawa sąd odbędzie się 15 czerwca.
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The court will hold a hearing on 15 June. The court will hold a hearing on 15 June. The court will hold a hearing on 15 June.
The court will hold a hearing on 15 June. The court will hold a hearing on 15 June. The court will hold a hearing on 15 June.
The court will hold a hearing on 15 June. The court will hold a hearing on 15 June. The court will hold a hearing on 15 June.
sąd przeprowadził rozprawę
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the court held a hearing
wydać wyrok
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to issue a judgement, to hand down a judgement
wnieść roszczenie przeciwko komuś
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to bring a claim against sb
wypełnić formularz roszczenia
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to complete a claim form, to complete a claim form, to complete s claim form, to complete a claim form
to complete a claim form, to complete a claim form, to complete s claim form, to complete a claim form
to complete a claim form, to complete a claim form, to complete s claim form, to complete a claim form
złożyć roszczenie do sądu pracy
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to make a claim at the employment tribunal. to make a claim at the employment tribunal, to make a claim at the employment tribunal
to make a claim at the employment tribunal. to make a claim at the employment tribunal, to make a claim at the employment tribunal
to make a claim at the employment tribunal. to make a claim at the employment tribunal, to make a claim at the employment tribunal
ponieść negatywne konsekwencje, zostać pokrzywdzonym
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to suffer a detriment
przyznać odszkodowanie
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to award compensation
zasądzać odszkodowanie
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to award damages
powodowi przyznano odszkodowanie
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the claimant was awarded damages
zmartwiony, zdenerwowany, w złym stanie psychicznym
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distressed,
poufne informacje dotyczące kandydata
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applicant confidential information
Równa płaca
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equal pay
przeciwko powodowi, przeciwko pozwanemu, na rzecz powoda, na rzecz pozwanego
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against the claimant, against the defendant, in favour of the claimant, in favour of the defendant
against the claimant, against the defendant, in favour of the claimant, in favour of the defendant
against the claimant, against the defendant, in favour of the claimant, in favour of the defendant
Powód domaga się odszkodowania za
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, The claimant claims damages for, The claimant seeks compensation for,
Powód domaga się odszkodowania w związku z uszkodzeniami ciała
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The claimant seeks compensation in respect of personal injuries.
Wprowadzenie w błąd spowodowało nieważność umowy.
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The misrepresentation rendered the contract invalid.
Niespełnienie wymogów ustawowych może spowodować nieważność umowy.
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Failure to comply with the statutory requirements may render the agreement invalid.
bezprawny, powodujący odpowiedzialność prawną, niezgodny z prawem
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wrongful
popadać w zaległości,
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to fall into arrears, to fall into arrears, to fall into arrears, to fall into arrears
to fall into arrears, to fall into arrears, to fall into arrears, to fall into arrears
to fall into arrears, to fall into arrears, to fall into arrears, to fall into arrears
odpowiedzialność deliktowa
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tortious liability
sprawcą czynu niedozwolonego, winowajca
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wrongdoer
zrekompensować poszkodowanemu
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to compensate the injured party
przyznać odszkodowanie za ból i cierpienie
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to award compensation for pain and suffering
ubiegać się o odszkodowanie za ból i cierpienie
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to claim compensation for pain and suffering
odszkodowanie za cierpienie emocjonalne
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compensation for emotional distress
działać odstraszająco
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to act as a deterrent
utrata dochodów
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loss of earnings
mieć prawo do odszkodowania
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to be entitled for damages
wyrządzać komuś krzywdę
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to cause harm to someone, to cause harm to someone, to cause harm to someone
to cause harm to someone, to cause harm to someone, to cause harm to someone
to cause harm to someone, to cause harm to someone, to cause harm to someone
zapewnić środek ochrony prawnej
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to provide a remedy, to provide a remedy, to provide a remedy
to provide a remedy, to provide a remedy, to provide a remedy
to provide a remedy, to provide a remedy, to provide a remedy
Odszkodowanie represyjne może działać odstraszająco na bezprawne zachowania.
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Punitive damages may act as a deterrent to wrongful conduct.
działać odstraszająco wobec niedbałego postępowania
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act as a deterrent to negligent conduct
odpowiedzialność zastępcza
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vicarious liability, vicarious liability, vicarious liability
vicarious liability, vicarious liability, vicarious liability
vicarious liability, vicarious liability, vicarious liability
Pracodawca ponosi odpowiedzialność zastępczą za czyny popełnione w związku z zatrudnieniem.
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The employer is vicariously liable for acts committed in the course of employment. The employer is vicariously liable for acts committed in the course of employment. The employer is vicariously liable for acts committed in the course of employment.
The employer is vicariously liable for acts committed in the course of employment. The employer is vicariously liable for acts committed in the course of employment. The employer is vicariously liable for acts committed in the course of employment.
The employer is vicariously liable for acts committed in the course of employment. The employer is vicariously liable for acts committed in the course of employment. The employer is vicariously liable for acts committed in the course of employment.
odpowiedzialność na zasadzie ryzyka
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strict liability
odpowiedzialność na zasadzie ryzyka jest niezależna od jakiejkolwiek winy
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strict liability is independent of any fault
udowodnić szkodę, wykazać szkodę
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to prove damage
dowód szkody
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proof of damage
Być pociągniętym do odpowiedzialności za coś – zostać uznanym za odpowiedzialnego za coś, ponieść odpowiedzialność za coś.
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To be held liable for something
mieć wobec kogoś obowiązek
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to owe someone a duty, to owe someone a duty, to owe someone a duty
to owe someone a duty, to owe someone a duty, to owe someone a duty
to owe someone a duty, to owe someone a duty, to owe someone a duty
niektóre czyny niedozwolone są zaskarżalne bez konieczności udowodnienia szkody
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some torts are actionable without proof of damage, some torts are actionable without proof of damage, some torts are actionable without proof of damage
delikt wkroczenia na cudzą nieruchomość
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the tort of trespass to land
immisja, utrapienie, niedogodność
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nuisance
naprawić naruszenie prawa, usunąć skutki bezprawnego działania
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to remedy the wrong
odszkodowanie pieniężne
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monetary compensation, monetary damages
zasadzić odszkodowanie pieniężne
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to award monetary compensation
odszkodowanie kompensacyjne
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compensatory damages
zbieg odpowiedzialności deliktowej i karnej
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concurrent liability in the tort and criminal law
delikt zaniedbania
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tort of negligence
wypowiedzenie
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notice of termination
Łańcuch przyczynowy, ciąg zdarzeń przyczynowo- skutkowych
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A chain of causation, a chain of causation, a chain of causation, a chain of causation
chain of causation, a chain of causation, a chain of causation, a chain of causation
chain of causation, a chain of causation, a chain of causation, a chain of causation
Powód musi wykazać związek przyczynowy między zachowaniem pozwanego a poniesioną szkodą.
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The claimant must establish a chain of causation between the defendant's conduct and the damage suffered.
The claimant must establish a chain of causation between the defendant's conduct and the damage suffered.
The claimant must establish a chain of causation between the defendant's conduct and the damage suffered.
wykazać (udowodnić) niedbalstwo, ustalić odpowiedzialność z tytułu niedbalstwa
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To establish negligence, to establish negligence, to establish negligence,
To establish negligence, to establish negligence, to establish negligence,
uzgodnić coś, dojść do porozumienia
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to agree UPON something
bronić się przed zarzutem zaniedbania
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to defend against allegation of negligence, to defend against allegation of negligence, to defend against allegation of negligence
niedbałe zachowanie
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negligent conduct
akt niedbalstwa, czyn niedbalstwa zaniedbanie,
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negligent act
ustalić, że ktoś był niedbały
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to establish that someone has been negligent
zarzucać zaniedbanie, podnosić zarzut niedbalstwa
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to allege negligence
w tych okolicznościach, biorąc pod uwagę okoliczności
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under the circumstances
rozsądnie przewidywalny PRZEZ osobę
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reasonably foreseeable BY a person
W tym momencie, na określonym etapie
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AT the point
działać odstraszająco
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to act as a deterrent
nałożyć obowiązek staranności
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to impose a duty of care
mieć obowiązek zachowania należytej staranności wobec powoda
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to own a duty of care to the claimant
zaciągnąć zobowiązanie
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to assume an obligation
aby ustalić, że doszło do zaniedbania, powód musi najpierw przekonać sąd, że obowiązek zachowania ostrożności został naruszony
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in order to establish that there has been negligence, the claimant must first satisfy the court that the duty of care has been breached
Powód musi wykazać związek przyczynowy pomiędzy zaniedbaniem pozwanego a poniesioną szkodą.
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The claimant must establish a chain of causation between the defendant's negligence and the damage suffered.
wykazać związek przyczynowo-skutkowy
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to establish the chain of causation
przerwać łańcuch przyczynowo-skutkowy
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to break the chain of causation
nieprzerwany łańcuch przyczynowo-skutkowy
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an unbroken chain of causation
odpowiedzialność na zasadzie ryzyka
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strict liability
immisja bezprawne zakłócenie nieruchomości, utrapienie, niedogodność
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nuisance
Nadmierny hałas moze stanowić imisje.
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Excessive noise may constitute a nuisance. Excessive noise may constitute a nuisance.
imisje – zakłócanie użytkowania i korzystania z gruntu
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nuisance - interference with the use and enjoyment of land
to zależy od okoliczności sprawy
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it depends on the circumstances of the case
wyrządzić komuś krzywdę
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to cause a harm to someone
być uprawnionym do zadośćuczynienia
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to be entitled to redress
wynika z faktu
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it arises from the fact
zasada ta jest na nas nałożona przez ustawę.
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that principle is imposed upon us by statue
nie było precedensu prawnego dla takiego działania.
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There was no legal precedent for such an action. There was no legal precedent for such an action. There was no legal precedent for such an action.
There was no legal precedent for such an action. There was no legal precedent for such an action. There was no legal precedent for such an action.
There was no legal precedent for such an action. There was no legal precedent for such an action. There was no legal precedent for such an action.
działać jako środek odstraszający od szkodliwych zachowania
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to act as a deterrent to harmful conduct
Krzywda psychiczną/ cierpienie psychiczne: ból psychiczny i cierpienie
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emotional distress: mental pain and sufering
ponosić odpowiedzialność za czyny lub zaniechania innej osoby
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to be liable for the acts or omissions of another person
roszczenie PRZECIWKO komuś
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claim AGAINST someone
Powód ma roszczenie o odszkodowanie przeciwko pozwanemu.
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The claimant has a claim against the defendant for damages.
przejść przez ziemię
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to walk across the land
zasadnicza, merytoryczna część umowy
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the operative provisions of the agreement
the parties to the agreement
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the parties to the agreement
doręczyć zawiadomienie drugiej stronie
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to serve a notice on the other party
Zawiadomienie doręczono pozwanemu w dniu 15 maja 2026 r.
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The notice was served on the defendant on 15 May 2026.
część wstępna, preambuła
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recitals section
biorąc pod uwagę następujące fakty
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whereas - taking the following facts into consideration
detalista, sprzedawca prowadzący sprzedaż detaliczna, bezpośrednio do konsumentów
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retailer
zajmować się biznesem, prowadzić działalność gospodarczą
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to be engaged in business
Pozwany prowadzi działalność polegającą na detalicznej sprzedaży sprzętu elektronicznego.
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The defendant is engaged in the retail sale of electronic equipment.
wykonać zobowiązanie
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to carry out an obligation
zawrzeć umowę
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to enter into a contract
Warunki i postanowienia określone w umowie.
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The terms and conditions set out in the contract.
kim są strony tej umowy
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who are the parties to that contract
poprawka do konstytucji
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an amendment to the agreement
zdefiniowany termin, zdefiniowane pojęcie
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defined term
cudzysłów
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inverted commas
„chyba że z kontekstu wynika odmienny zamiar” lub „o ile nie wynika odmienna intencja”.
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unless the contrary intention appears
odnosić się do czegoś
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to refer to sth
świadczyć usługi komuś
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to supply services to someone
dostarczać towary komuś
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to supply Goods to someone
być osobą zatrudnioną na podstawie umowy o pracę
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to be a person who is under a contract of employment
pracować dla firmy lub organizacji
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to work for a company or organization
prowadzić działalność pod określoną nazwą
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to trade under a particular name
towary lub usługi dostarczane przez firmę
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goods or services supplied by a company
w znaczeniu podlegania czemuś, bycia zależnym od czegoś lub poddania się jakimś warunkom.
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to be subject to something
cena towaru nie podlega negocjacji
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the price of goods is not subject to negotiation
Powierzono jej zarządzanie finansami firmy.
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She was entrusted with managing the company's finances.
powierzyć komuś zadanie
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to entrust someone with a task
Klient powierzył prowadzenie sprawy prawnikowi.
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The client entrusted the solicitor with the conduct of the case.
W przypadku nieprzewidzianych okoliczności harmonogram może zostać zmieniony przez klienta, po uprzednim powiadomieniu wykonawcy.
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The schedule may be varied by the client in the event of unforeseen circumstances, with prior notice to the contractor.
Postanowienia niniejszej umowy mogą zostać zmienione wyłącznie w formie pisemnej i za obopólną zgodą stron.
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The terms of this agreement may only be varied in writing and with the mutual consent of the parties.
jak opisano w klasie 4 niniejszego dokumentu
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as described in class 4 hereof
Strony niniejszego dokumentu zgadzają się co następuje
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the parties hereof agree as follow
tego
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hereof
warunki tamtego dokumentu (czyli jakiegoś innego dokumentu, wcześniej wspomnianego).
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The terms thereof
kwota do zapłaty
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the sum payable
nagłówki
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headings
najemca
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hirer
wyżej wymieniony, uprzednio wskazany
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aforesaid
jakkolwiek
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howsoever
w okresie obowiązywania niniejszej umowy
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during the term of this agreement
wykonywać obowiązki wynikające z umowy
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to perform duties under an agreement
Wykonawca nie wykonał obowiązków wynikających z Umowy.
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The Contractor failed to perform its duties under the Agreement.
zapłacić za coś z góry
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to pay for something in advance
zrobić coś na piśmie
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to do something in writing
czy cena zawiera podatek?
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is the price inclusive of tax
zawierać coś
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to be inclusive of something
pod koniec dnia
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at the end of the day
w żadnym wypadku
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in no event
w okresie obowiązywania, w trakcie trwanie
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during the term
wnieść powództwo z tytułu czynu niedozwolonego
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to bring an action in tort
wypłaty zaliczki na poczet przyszłego zysku
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partner's drawings
wypłaty na poczet przyszłych zysków
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drawings on account of profits
wyemitowany kapitał zakładowy
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issued share capital
komornik sądowy
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bailiff
doręczyć komuś pozew
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to serve a claim upon somebody
pozwanemu prawidłowo doręczono pozew.
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the defendant was properly served with the claim.
powód doręczył pozew pozwanemu
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the claimant served the claim on the defendant
odpowiedzieć na pozew, ustosunkować się do roszczenia
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to respond to a claim
rozpatrywać sprawę
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to hear a case
powód
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claimant = (US) petitioner
doręczenie pozwanemu pozwu/ żądania
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to serve a claim upon the defendant
Zarzuty powoda wobec pozwanego
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The claimant's allegations against the defendant
Twierdzenia powoda stawiane pozwanemu nie zostały poparte wystarczającymi dowodami.
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The claimant's allegations against the defendant were not supported by sufficient evidence.
zaprzeczać zarzutom
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to deny allegations
bezpodstawne zarzuty
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unfunded allegaion
prowadzić sprawę przed sądem, argumentować przed sądem
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to lead a case
prawo występowania przed sądem, uprawnienie do reprezentowania klienta i zabierania głosu przed sądem
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the right of audience
Adwokaci mają pełne prawa do występowania przed wszystkimi sądami.
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Barristers have full rights of audience before all courts.
mieć prawo występowania przed sądem
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to have a right of audience
mieć pełne prawo do występowania przed sądem
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to exercise full rights of audience
Odsetki od Twojego zadłużenia naliczane są w wysokości 18%.
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interesy is accruing on your debt at the rate of 18 %
zalegać ze spłatą pożyczek
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to fall into arrears on loans repayment
kredyt w rachunku bieżącym
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overdraft facility
rozwiązanie umowy o pracę z winy pracodawcy
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constructive dismissal
zwalniać z pracy (potocznie)
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sack

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