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Rolą prawników jest aplikowanie języka do realnego świata. Lernen beginnen
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The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world.
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Rolą prawników jest aplikowanie języka prawniczego do sytuacji z życia wziętych (lub stosowanie języka prawnego do okoliczności faktycznych). Lernen beginnen
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The role of lawyers is to apply legal language to real-life situations. (or to apply the language of the law to factual circumstances.)
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Rolą prawników jest pośredniczenie między językiem a rzeczywistością — interpretowanie i stosowanie konstrukcji językowych do świata faktów. Lernen beginnen
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The role of lawyers is to mediate between language and reality — to interpret and apply linguistic constructs to the world of facts.
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Prawnicy przekładają abstrakcyjny język prawa na praktyczną dziedzinę spraw ludzkich. Lernen beginnen
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Lawyers translate the abstract language of law into the practical realm of human affairs.
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Wszczęcie postępowania cywilnego / wniesienie pozwu do sądu cywilnego Lernen beginnen
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Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court
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Powód wszczął postępowanie w sądzie z powodu naruszenia umowy. Lernen beginnen
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The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract.
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Lernen beginnen
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Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim
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Powód wniósł przeciwko pozwanemu skargę z tytułu zaniedbania. Lernen beginnen
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The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence.
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Złożenie wniosku wniesienie pozwu (w szerokim znaczeniu) Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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powód (strona w postępowaniu cywilnym) Lernen beginnen
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claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff) claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff) claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff)
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Lernen beginnen
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claim form: the document that claimant uses to start legal action against the defendant
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Złe wykonanie Tłumaczenie: nienależyte wykonanie pracy / fuszerka / wadliwe wykonanie umowy Lernen beginnen
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być w konflikcie – mieć poważną różnicę zdań z inną osobą Lernen beginnen
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to be on dispute - to have a serious disagreement with another person to be on dispute - to have a serious disagreement with another person
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być winnym komuś pieniądze Lernen beginnen
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procedura – ustalony sposób robienia czegoś Lernen beginnen
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procedure - a decided way of doing something
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ścigać, prowadzić postępowanie karne przeciwko komuś przed sądem Lernen beginnen
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to prosecute somebody - to take a legal action against someone in the criminal court
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doręczyć pozew komuś / doręczyć odpis pozwu stronie przeciwnej Lernen beginnen
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to serve a claim upon someone means to sent the claim to the defendant's address and make sure that he received it
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to admit the claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim to admit the claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim to admit the claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim
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full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim
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częściowe uznanie roszczenia Lernen beginnen
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partial admission of the claim
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Sąd Najwyższy rozpatrzy sprawę w przyszłym miesiącu. Lernen beginnen
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The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month.
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sędzia rozpatrzył sprawę na posiedzeniu jawnym Lernen beginnen
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The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court.
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Jeśli zdecydujesz się kwestionować zadanie pozwu, musisz złożyć obronę. Lernen beginnen
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If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence.
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bronić się przed roszczeniem (formalnie) Lernen beginnen
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to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim
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To find in favor of the claimant
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orzec na korzyść pozwanego Lernen beginnen
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to find in favour of the defendant to find in favour of the defendant
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Sąd orzekł na korzyść powoda i przyznał odszkodowanie. Lernen beginnen
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The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages.
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Sędzia orzekł na korzyść pozwanego z powodu braku dowodów. Lernen beginnen
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The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence.
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Język nie jest pewnym ani stałym narzędziem służącym do nazywania rzeczywistości — kształtuje on świat, aniżeli go go odzwierciedla. Lernen beginnen
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Language is not a certain or fixed tool for naming reality — it shapes rather than merely reflects the world.
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Język nie jest precyzyjnym narzędziem opisu rzeczywistości prawnej — terminy prawnicze często zależą od interpretacji, kontekstu i uznania sędziego. Lernen beginnen
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Language is not a precise instrument for describing legal reality — legal terms often depend on interpretation, context, and judicial discretion. Language is not a precise instrument for describing legal reality — legal terms often depend on interpretation, context, and judicial discretion. Language is not a precise instrument for describing legal reality — legal terms often depend on interpretation, context, and judicial discretion.
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Założenie idealne dotyczące języka polega na tym, że język powinien być doskonałym narzędziem opisu rzeczywistości – takim, w którym każde słowo ma jednoznaczne znaczenie, dokładnie określone odniesienie do rzeczy lub faktów, Lernen beginnen
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The ideal assumption about language is that it should serve as a perfect tool for naming and describing reality — one in which every word has a clear and unambiguous meaning, a precisely defined reference to things or facts.
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odpierać roszczenie zwalczać roszczenie bronić się przed roszczeniem kwestionować roszczenie sprzeciwić się roszczeniu Lernen beginnen
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rządy prawa, a nie ludzi (w sensie wykluczający wszelki dyskrecjonalizm) Lernen beginnen
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the rule of law not of men
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„Nawet najbardziej idealna formuła ma swój cień nieokreśloności – HLA Hart Lernen beginnen
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„Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart, „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart. „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart, „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart. „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart, „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart. „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart
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obowiązek należytej staranności Lernen beginnen
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Obowiązek zachowania starannosci Lernen beginnen
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The duty of care, The duty of care. the duty of care. the duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals or organizations to exercise a reasonable level of care to avoid causing harm to others. The duty of care, The duty of care. the duty of care. the duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals or organizations to exercise a reasonable level of care to avoid causing harm to others. The duty of care, The duty of care. the duty of care. the duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals or organizations to exercise a reasonable level of care to avoid causing harm to others.
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naruszyć obowiązek należytej staranności Lernen beginnen
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To breach the duty of care
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naruszyć obowiązek staranności Lernen beginnen
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To breach the duty of care means to fail to meet the required standard of reasonable care, resulting in potential harm or damage to another person. It is one of the key elements of negligence in tort law. To breach the duty of care means to fail to meet the required standard of reasonable care, resulting in potential harm or damage to another person. It is one of the key elements of negligence in tort law. To breach the duty of care means to fail to meet the required standard of reasonable care, resulting in potential harm or damage to another person. It is one of the key elements of negligence in tort law.
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Sąd uznał, że architekt naruszył obowiązek zachowania ostrożności, używając niebezpiecznych materiałów. Lernen beginnen
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The court found that the architect had breached the duty of care by using unsafe materials.
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Nauczyciel może naruszyć obowiązek opieki, jeżeli pozostawi uczniów bez nadzoru podczas zajęć. Lernen beginnen
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A teacher may breach the duty of care if they leave students unsupervised during class.
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Lernen beginnen
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A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, and for which the injured party may seek compensation through a civil lawsuit. It is not a criminal offence — it belongs to civil law, not criminal law.
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naruszenie w prawie cywilnym Lernen beginnen
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civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong
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moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong
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criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong
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Prawo rozróżnia między naruszeniami cywilnymi a karnymi. Lernen beginnen
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The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs.
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wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong,
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zarzut, twierdzenie, że ktoś zrobił coś złego Lernen beginnen
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An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven. An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven.
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Formularz pozwu określa twierdzenia i zarzuty powoda przeciwko pozwanemu. Lernen beginnen
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The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant.
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Podstawą powództwa o czyn niedozwolony jest fakt, że pozwany dopuścił się czynu niedozwolonego. Lernen beginnen
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The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor
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czyn niedozwolony, delikt zaniedbania Lernen beginnen
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The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence.
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A criminal matter is any case or issue involving a violation of criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual (the defendant) for committing a crime or offence. A criminal matter is any case or issue involving a violation of criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual (the defendant) for committing a crime or offence. A criminal matter is any case or issue involving a violation of criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual (the defendant) for committing a crime or offence.
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A civil matter, a civil matter. A civil matter is a non-criminal legal dispute between individuals, companies, or organizations, usually concerning rights, obligations, or compensation. A civil matter, a civil matter. A civil matter is a non-criminal legal dispute between individuals, companies, or organizations, usually concerning rights, obligations, or compensation. A civil matter, a civil matter. A civil matter is a non-criminal legal dispute between individuals, companies, or organizations, usually concerning rights, obligations, or compensation.
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złożenie pozwu w sądzie cywilnym, wniesienie powództwa w sądzie cywilnym Lernen beginnen
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making a claim in the civil court making a claim in the civil court Making a claim in the civil court means starting legal proceedings against another person or organization to seek compensation, enforcement of rights, or another civil remedy. It begins when the claimant files (issues) a claim form with the court.
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prawo do występowania przed sądem Lernen beginnen
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Right of audience. The right of audience Right of audience. The right of audience is the right to appear and speak on behalf of a party in court proceedings. It determines who is allowed to address the court, present arguments, and represent clients during hearings or trials.
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prowadzić sprawę, występować w sprawie, przedstawiać argumenty przed sądem. Lernen beginnen
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To plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case To plead a case means to present and argue a party’s position before a court, usually by a lawyer or advocate. It involves explaining the facts, applying the law, and persuading the judge to rule in favour of your client. To plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case
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reguły nakładania obowiązków Lernen beginnen
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duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules
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reguły przyznające uprawnienia (trzy rodzaje) Lernen beginnen
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power-conferring rules: rule of recognition, rule of change, rule of adjudication
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A RULE OF RECOGNITION A rule of recognition is a fundamental rule that identifies the valid sources of law within a legal system. It provides criteria for legal validity, telling us what counts as law and how to recognize it.
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A rule of change is a rule that confers power on individuals or institutions to create, modify, or repeal laws. It allows the legal system to adapt and evolve by establishing procedures for legal change. A rule of change is a rule that confers power on individuals or institutions to create, modify, or repeal laws. It allows the legal system to adapt and evolve by establishing procedures for legal change. A rule of change is a rule that confers power on individuals or institutions to create, modify, or repeal laws. It allows the legal system to adapt and evolve by establishing procedures for legal change.
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A rule of adjudication is a rule that confers authority on certain persons or bodies (such as courts) to interpret and apply the law and to resolve disputes. It specifies how legal conflicts are to be settled and who has the power to decide them.
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prowadzić sprawę, występować w sprawie, przedstawiać argumenty przed sądem. Lernen beginnen
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TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE
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Adwokat prowadził sprawę przed sądem. Lernen beginnen
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The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court.
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Adwokaci są uprawnieni do występowania w sprawach przed sądami wyższej instancji. Lernen beginnen
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Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts.
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Język nie jest bezpośrednim przekazem woli prawodawcy, niewymagającym interpretacji. Jest medium ukształtowanym przez kulturę, historię i ograniczenia ludzkiego rozumienia. Lernen beginnen
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Language is not a direct transmission of the legislator’s will that requires no interpretation. It is a medium shaped by culture, history, and the limits of human understanding.
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Język prawniczy zawsze wiąże się pośredniczeniem między tekstem a jego znaczeniem – między tym, co zamierzył prawodawca, a tym, co interpretatorzy mogą racjonalnie wywnioskować. Zatem Lernen beginnen
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Legal language always involves mediation between the text and its meaning — between what the legislator intended and what interpreters can reasonably derive.
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prawo nie jest mechanicznym odzwierciedleniem woli ustawodawcy, lecz dynamicznym procesem interpretacji w obrębie wspólnoty językowej. Lernen beginnen
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law is not a mechanical reflection of legislative will but a dynamic process of interpretation within a linguistic community. law is not a mechanical reflection of legislative will but a dynamic process of interpretation within a linguistic community. law is not a mechanical reflection of legislative will but a dynamic process of interpretation within a linguistic community.
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Postępowanie cywilne musi zostać wszczęte w terminie przedawnienia. Lernen beginnen
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The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period.
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Jeżeli w terminie nie wszczęto postępowania, roszczenie ulega przedawnieniu. Lernen beginnen
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If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. TIME-BARRED, TIME- BARRED, TIME-BARRED If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. TIME-BARRED, TIME- BARRED, TIME-BARRED
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Prawdziwa wolność objawia się w zdolności do racjonalnego myślenia. PLATON Lernen beginnen
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True freedom reveals itself in the capacity for rational thought.
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Prawo to nakaz suwerena poparty sankcjami. Lernen beginnen
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Law is the command of the sovereign backed by sanctions. (Hart, the province of jurisprudence)
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Przepowiednie tego, co faktycznie zrobią sądy, i nic bardziej wzniosłego, oto, co rozumiem przez prawo Lernen beginnen
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„The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more exalted, are what I mean by the law.” Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. The Path of law
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pułapka teorii / słabość teorii Lernen beginnen
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w pełni rozwinięty system prawny lub dojrzały system prawa Lernen beginnen
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Wzniosłe pojęcia normatywne / wzniosłe idee normatywne. Lernen beginnen
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Niejasny scenariusz uwidacznia otwartą strukturę języka prawnego. Lernen beginnen
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A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language.
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trwałość sankcji utrzymywanie się sankcji Lernen beginnen
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persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions,
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Skuteczność nowej polityki jest nadal przedmiotem dyskusji. Lernen beginnen
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The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate.
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Kwestionowali skuteczność systemu kar. Poddali w wątpliwość skuteczność systemu karnego. Lernen beginnen
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They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system.
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Doktryna supremacji wewnętrznej głosi, że w krajowym porządku prawnym przeważa prawo krajowe. Lernen beginnen
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The doctrine of internal supremacy asserts that domestic law prevails within the national legal order.
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Wewnętrzna nadrzędność przeciwstawia się zewnętrznej nadrzędności, w której prawo międzynarodowe ma pierwszeństwo nad krajowym. Lernen beginnen
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Internal supremacy contrasts with external supremacy, where international or supranational law overrides national law.
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Lernen beginnen
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Reguła jest zwyczajowo przestrzegana, gdy ludzie się do niej stosują z przyzwyczajenia, a nie dlatego, że uznają ją za obowiązującą normę. Lernen beginnen
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A rule is habitually obeyed when people generally conform to it because they are accustomed to doing so, not because they accept it as a binding standard. A rule is habitually obeyed when people generally conform to it because they are accustomed to doing so, not because they accept it as a binding standard. A rule is habitually obeyed when people generally conform to it because they are accustomed to doing so, not because they accept it as a binding standard.
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Lernen beginnen
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Różne odmiany prawa odzwierciedlają różne tradycje prawne i źródła władzy Lernen beginnen
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Different varieties of law reflect different legal traditions and sources of authority.
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„różnorodność prawa” w jurysprudencji Lernen beginnen
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The phrase “variety of law” in jurisprudence refers to the idea that law is not a uniform phenomenon. There are different forms, sources, and functions of law, depending on the perspective we take.
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variety of rules (H. Hart) Lernen beginnen
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duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system. duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system. duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system.
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variety of rules H. L. A. Hart Lernen beginnen
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duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system.
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variety of rules (Dworkin) Lernen beginnen
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Ronald Dworkin argued that law is not made only of rules but also of principles and policies. In his view, the variety of law means that legal reasoning involves different kinds of standards — some binding as rules, others guiding as moral principles.
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variety of law (Lon. L Fuller) Lernen beginnen
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Lon L. Fuller spoke about the internal morality of law, suggesting that law can vary in its moral quality. Thus, the variety of law may refer to degrees of legality — from just and moral law to law that is formally valid but morally defective.
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Teoria prawa oparta na sankcjach Lernen beginnen
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The sanction-based theory of law (sometimes called the imperative or command theory) is a positivist conception of law that defines law primarily in terms of commands backed by sanctions.
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Prawo jest rozkazem wydanym przez władcę jego poddanym, egzekwowanym za pomocą sankcji w przypadku nieposłuszeństwa. Lernen beginnen
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Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience.
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rozkazy/ nakazy egzekwowane za pomocą przymusu Lernen beginnen
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The term coercive orders refers to commands or directives that are enforced through the threat or use of sanctions. In other words, they are orders backed by coercion — by some form of punishment or negative consequence if disobeyed
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model przestępcy grożącego pistoletem / model prawa przymusowego (Austin) Lernen beginnen
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gunmen model of law / coersive model of law (Austin), gunmen model of law / coersive model of law (Austin)
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wzorzec zachowania / schemat zachowania Lernen beginnen
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PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR. Pattern of behavior a recurring conduct that can indicate intent, negligence, or a tendency relevant to the case
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Sąd uznał wzorzec zachowania pozwanego za dowód zamiaru. Lernen beginnen
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The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent.
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Lernen beginnen
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The viability thesis states that: A system of rules counts as a legal system only if it is socially viable — that is, if it is actually effective and generally accepted by officials and citizens within a society. The viability thesis states that: A system of rules counts as a legal system only if it is socially viable — that is, if it is actually effective and generally accepted by officials and citizens within a society. The viability thesis states that: A system of rules counts as a legal system only if it is socially viable — that is, if it is actually effective and generally accepted by officials and citizens within a society.
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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No matter how precisely the legislator drafts a rule, unforeseen or borderline cases will inevitably emerge. In such circumstances, the adjudicator must exercise discretion and interpretive judgment, rather than merely deducing the outcome In such circumstances, the adjudicator must exercise discretion and interpretive judgment, rather than merely deducing the outcome from the literal wording of the law. In such circumstances, the adjudicator must exercise discretion and interpretive judgment, rather than merely deducing the outcome from the literal wording of the law.
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Przepisy prawne formułowane są w języku naturalnym, który z natury jest ogólny, nieokreślony i podatny na semantyczną niejednoznaczność. Lernen beginnen
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Legal rules are formulated in natural language, which is inherently general, indeterminate, and subject to semantic ambiguity.
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w przypadku penumbria, zadaniem sędziego jest ustalenie, poprzez interpretację i według własnego uznania, właściwego znaczenia terminów i zakresu faktów, do których się one odnoszą. Lernen beginnen
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in case of the penumbra of a rule, it falls to the judge to determine, through interpretation and discretion, the proper meaning of the terms and the range of facts to which they extend. in case of the penumbra of a rule, it falls to the judge to determine, through interpretation and discretion, the proper meaning of the terms and the range of facts to which they extend. in case of the penumbra of a rule, it falls to the judge to determine, through interpretation and discretion, the proper meaning of the terms and the range of facts to which they extend.
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związek treściowy między prawem a moralnością oznacza, że prawo i moralność mogą zawierać normy o tej samej treści — mogą nakazywać, zabraniać lub zezwalać na te same typy zachowań. Lernen beginnen
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The content-related connection between law and morality means that law and morality may contain norms with the same content — they may prescribe, prohibit, or permit the same types of conduct.
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Funkcjonalny związek prawa i moralności oznacza, że moralność jest jednym z powodów lub motywów tworzenia prawa. Lernen beginnen
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The functional connection between law and morality means that morality is one of the reasons or motives for the creation of law. The functional connection between law and morality means that morality is one of the reasons or motives for the creation of law. The functional connection between law and morality means that morality is one of the reasons or motives for the creation of law.
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Związek walidacyjny między prawem a moralnością oznacza, że ważność prawa nie zależy od jego zgodności z moralnością. Innymi słowy: prawa nie można unieważnić tylko dlatego, że jest niemoralne. Lernen beginnen
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The validational connection between law and morality means that the validity of law does not depend on its conformity with morality. In other words: law cannot be invalidated merely because it is immoral. In this view, the validity of a legal norm derives from its formal source — the authority of the lawmaker and proper legislative procedure — rather than from its moral content.
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Nie wszystko, co jest wymagane przez prawo, musi mieć oparcie w moralności. Lernen beginnen
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Not everything that is necessary in law must be grounded in morality. Not everything that is necessary in law must be grounded in morality. Not everything that is necessary in law must be grounded in morality. For the law to function effectively, it requires certain rules (for example, concerning form, time limits, jurisdiction, or procedural mode) that do not stem from moral values but from the need for order, efficiency, and predictability. For the law to function effectively, it requires certain rules (for example, concerning form, time limits, jurisdiction, or procedural mode) that do not stem from moral values but from the need for order, efficiency, and predictability.
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Sędzia odmówił podjęcia decyzji na podstawie tak niejasnego scenariusza. Lernen beginnen
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The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario.
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Niejasny scenariusz podkreśla otwartą strukturę języka prawniczego. Lernen beginnen
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A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language.
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cechą wyróżniającą, najbardziej istotna Lernen beginnen
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władza normatywna do stanowienia prawa Lernen beginnen
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normative power to make law
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Lernen beginnen
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Persistence of law refers to the continued existence and validity of legal norms over time — even when circumstances change, governments fall, or lawmakers are replaced.
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informacja o preferencjach aksjologicznych Lernen beginnen
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Information on Axiological Preferences: a statement or disclosure indicating which values (axiological principles) a person, institution, legal body, or theory regards as fundamental when reasoning, making decisions, or interpreting the law. In legal theory and philosophy of law, it denotes the value system underlying a given concept, interpretation, or decision — such as justice, legal certainty, liberty, equality, the common good, efficiency, or protection of the weaker party. In legal theory and philosophy of law, it denotes the value system underlying a given concept, interpretation, or decision — such as justice, legal certainty, liberty, equality, the common good, efficiency, or protection of the weaker party.
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Lernen beginnen
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to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract
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czek na pewną sumę pieniędzy Lernen beginnen
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a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money,
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Lernen beginnen
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I am currently working on a merger agreement I am currently working on a merger agreement
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prawnicy mogą reprezentować klientów w sądzie Lernen beginnen
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solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court.
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Lernen beginnen
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this is a criminal matter
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Lernen beginnen
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Grounds: the foundation or basis for a legal claim or defence.
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Podstawa faktyczna – co faktycznie się wydarzyło (fakt, który podajesz) Lernen beginnen
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Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege).
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jakie są podstawy Twojej sprawy? Lernen beginnen
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what are the grounds for your case?
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Obrona twierdzi, że roszczenia nie mają podstaw prawnych, ponieważ umowa została rozwiązana zgodnie z prawem. Lernen beginnen
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The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully. The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully.
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Lernen beginnen
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w wysokości, odszkodowania (idiomatyczne). Lernen beginnen
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Sąd przyznał powodowi 10 000 euro odszkodowania za zerwanie umowy. Lernen beginnen
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The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract. The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract.
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wszczęcie postępowania przeciwko komuś Lernen beginnen
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starting proceedings against someone
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organ wybrany demokratycznie Lernen beginnen
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democratically elected body
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Lernen beginnen
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the royal assent Royal Assent – the formal approval given by the monarch to a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament, which is required for the bill to become law. the royal assent Royal Assent – the formal approval given by the monarch to a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament, which is required for the bill to become law.
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Lernen beginnen
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przygotować projekt ustawy Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Sporządzić projekt ustawy Lernen beginnen
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To draw up a bill, To draw up a bill, To draw up a bill
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Lernen beginnen
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przedstawić pomysł do rozważenia Lernen beginnen
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to put an idea forward for consideration
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Lernen beginnen
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a third party to a contract
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Egzekwować warunek / Egzekwować postanowienie umowy Lernen beginnen
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To enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term To enforce a term: to make sure that a contractual provision or condition is complied with or carried out; to take legal action to ensure it is obeyed. To enforce a term: to make sure that a contractual provision or condition is complied with or carried out; to take legal action to ensure it is obeyed.
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Lernen beginnen
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capital punishment, capital punishment, capital punishment capital punishment, capital punishment, capital punishment capital punishment, capital punishment, capital punishment
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Spółka postanowiła wyegzekwować postanowienie o zachowaniu poufności. Lernen beginnen
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The company decided to enforce the confidentiality term of the contract. The company decided to enforce the confidentiality term of the contract.
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Jeżeli najemca nie płaci czynszu, wynajmujący może wyegzekwować płatność na drodze sądowej. Lernen beginnen
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If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court.
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Wyraźnie przyznać komuś prawo lub korzyść Lernen beginnen
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To expressly confer a right or benefit upon someone, To expressly confer a right or benefit upon someone, To expressly confer a right or benefit upon someone means to grant or give a specific legal right or advantage to a person in clear and explicit terms.
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Żadna korzyść nie jest wyraźnie przyznana osobom trzecim na mocy niniejszej umowy. Lernen beginnen
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No benefit is expressly conferred upon third parties under this agreement.
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Lernen beginnen
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The construction of the contract. the construction of the contract. The construction of the contract. the construction of the contract. the construction of the contract. the process of interpreting the meaning of the words used in a contract in order to determine the parties’ rights and obligations.
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Wykładnia umowy jest kwestią prawną, którą rozstrzyga sąd. Lernen beginnen
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The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide.
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Pojawił się spór co do prawidłowej wykładni klauzuli rozwiązującej. Lernen beginnen
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There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause. There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause.
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Warunek egzekwowalny: postanowienie umowy, które jest prawnie wiążące i może zostać utrzymane w mocy lub wyegzekwowane przez sąd w przypadku jego naruszenia. Lernen beginnen
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An enforceable term: a contractual provision that is legally binding and can be upheld or enforced by a court if breached. An enforceable term: a contractual provision that is legally binding and can be upheld or enforced by a court if breached. An enforceable term: a contractual provision that is legally binding and can be upheld or enforced by a court if breached.
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Tylko wykonalne (skuteczne) postanowienie tworzy zobowiązanie prawne. Lernen beginnen
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Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation.
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Sąd uznał, że klauzula umowna nie stanowi wykonalnego postanowienia umowy. Lernen beginnen
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The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract. The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract.
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Aby postanowienie było wykonalne, musi być jasne, pewne i zgodne z prawem. Lernen beginnen
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For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful. For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful.
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Umowa, której wykonanie można egzekwować. Lernen beginnen
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An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract: a legally valid agreement that creates binding obligations and can be upheld in court if one party fails to perform. An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract: a legally valid agreement that creates binding obligations and can be upheld in court if one party fails to perform. An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract: a legally valid agreement that creates binding obligations and can be upheld in court if one party fails to perform.
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Należeć do określonej kategorii Lernen beginnen
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To be a member of a class
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środek prawny przysługujący w razie naruszenia umowy Lernen beginnen
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A remedy for breach of a contract, a remedy for a breach of a contract A remedy for breach of a contract = a legal means by which a party who has suffered from another party’s failure to perform a contractual obligation can obtain redress or compensation.
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Nakaz sądowy: postanowienie sądowe nakazujące osobie wykonanie określonej czynności lub powstrzymanie się od jej wykonania. Lernen beginnen
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An injunction: a court order requiring a person to do, or to refrain from doing, a specific act. PROHIBITORY INJUNCTION. mandatory injunction, interim (temporary injunction) permanent injunction
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Wykonanie zobowiązania środek słusznościowy, w którym sąd nakazuje stronie wykonanie jej zobowiązań umownych, zamiast po prostu zapłacić odszkodowanie za ich naruszenie. Lernen beginnen
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Specific performance an equitable remedy by which a court orders a party to perform their contractual obligations, rather than merely paying damages for breach. Specific performance an equitable remedy by which a court orders a party to perform their contractual obligations, rather than merely paying damages for breach.
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Nieważny w każdym przypadku Lernen beginnen
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VOID IN ANY CASE, VOID IN ANY CASE VOID IN ANY CASE having no legal effect whatsoever, regardless of the circumstances; legally null and incapable of producing any binding obligations. VOID IN ANY CASE, VOID IN ANY CASE VOID IN ANY CASE having no legal effect whatsoever, regardless of the circumstances; legally null and incapable of producing any binding obligations.
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Umowa zawarta w celu niezgodnym z prawem jest w każdym przypadku nieważna. Lernen beginnen
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A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case.
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Jakakolwiek klauzula wyłączająca odpowiedzialność za oszustwo jest w każdym przypadku nieważna. Lernen beginnen
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Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case.
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twierdzić, rościć sobie prawo, utrzymywać, podawać się za Lernen beginnen
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znaczenie, sens, ogólny ton Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Powstające w trakcie – bardzo często stosowane w znaczeniu prawniczym: > w trakcie / w toku / podczas wykonywania określonych czynności lub działalności. Lernen beginnen
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Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of
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Spór powstały w trakcie wykonywania niniejszej umowy zostanie skierowany do arbitrażu. Lernen beginnen
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A dispute arising in the course of the performance of this agreement shall be referred to arbitration.
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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fraud, fraud, fraud. Fraud is an intentional misrepresentation of a material fact made to obtain an unlawful benefit or to cause another person to suffer a loss. fraud, fraud, fraud. Fraud is an intentional misrepresentation of a material fact made to obtain an unlawful benefit or to cause another person to suffer a loss. fraud, fraud, fraud Fraud is an intentional misrepresentation of a material fact made to obtain an unlawful benefit or to cause another person to suffer a loss.
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bez świadczenia wzajemnego nie ma umowy Lernen beginnen
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no consideration no contract
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Lernen beginnen
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zamiar stworzenia stosunku prawnego Lernen beginnen
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intention to create a legal relationship intention to create a legal relationship
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zrobić coś za czyjąś radą Lernen beginnen
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to do something on someone's advice to do something on someone's advice
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Wystąpić do sądu z roszczeniem, żądając wykonania obietnicy wynikającej z umowy. Lernen beginnen
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To sue on a promise, To sue on a promise
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Sam obowiązek moralny nie wystarczy, aby pozwać o obietnicę. Lernen beginnen
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A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise.
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wydać wyrok na rzecz powoda, wydać wyrok przeciwko powodowi Lernen beginnen
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to give a judgment for the claimant to give a judgment against the claimant
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Lernen beginnen
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to be under legal obligation, To be under a legal obligation
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Rodzice mają prawny obowiązek wspierania swoich dzieci. Lernen beginnen
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Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children.
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masz prawny obowiązek wypełniania swoich zobowiązań Lernen beginnen
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you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations
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Lernen beginnen
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THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation = the scope, limits, or degree to which a person or entity is legally bound to perform or refrain from an act. THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation = the scope, limits, or degree to which a person or entity is legally bound to perform or refrain from an act. THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation = the scope, limits, or degree to which a person or entity is legally bound to perform or refrain from an act.
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ograniczyć zakres zobowiązania Lernen beginnen
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to limit the extent of an obligation
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ustalić zakres odpowiedzialności Lernen beginnen
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to determine the extent of liability to determine the extent of liability to determine the extent of liability
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przyznać komuś prawo do zrobienia czegoś Lernen beginnen
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give someone the right to do something
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Lernen beginnen
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beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation
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w zakresie zobowiązania, w granicach obowiązku Lernen beginnen
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within the extent of the obligation
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Nieostrość lub niejednoznaczność znaczeniowa Lernen beginnen
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Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness: the quality of being unclear or imprecise in meaning; the lack of clear boundaries or exact definition of a term or rule.
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Wieloznaczność polega na wyborze między znaczeniami; nieostrość – na ustaleniu, jak daleko sięga jedno znaczenie. Lernen beginnen
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Ambiguity is a matter of choosing between meanings; vagueness is a matter of deciding how far a single meaning extends. Ambiguity is a matter of choosing between meanings; vagueness is a matter of deciding how far a single meaning extends.
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Lernen beginnen
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legal ground, legal ground, legal ground. Legal ground: which laws, rules, or principles give you the right to claim or defend. legal ground, legal ground, legal ground. Legal ground: which laws, rules, or principles give you the right to claim or defend. legal ground, legal ground, legal ground. Legal ground: which laws, rules, or principles give you the right to claim or defend.
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Lernen beginnen
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The derivational interpretation derivational interpretation the derivational interpretation
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Lernen beginnen
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revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation
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Lernen beginnen
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revocation of a privilege
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Lernen beginnen
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revocation of a power attorney revocation of a power attorney
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Lernen beginnen
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Mocodawca może w każdej chwili odwołać pełnomocnictwo udzielone pełnomocnikowi. Lernen beginnen
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The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time.
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Lernen beginnen
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Testament może zostać odwołany przez testatora w każdej chwili przed śmiercią. Lernen beginnen
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A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death. A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death
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Oferta została odwołana przed jej przyjęciem Lernen beginnen
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The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted.
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Lernen beginnen
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Rejection means the refusal to accept, approve, or recognize something that has been submitted or proposed under the law. Rejection means the refusal to accept, approve, or recognize something that has been submitted or proposed under the law.
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„Odrzucenie oferty powoduje jej natychmiastowe wygaśnięcie.” Lernen beginnen
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“Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately.”
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Sąd postanowił odrzucić apelację jako niedopuszczalną. Lernen beginnen
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The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible. The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible.
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Lernen beginnen
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Lapse of time lapse of time lapse of time means the expiration of a specified period, after which a right, claim, offer, or legal power ceases to have effect. Lapse of time means the expiration of a specified period, after which a right, claim, offer, or legal power ceases to have effect.
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upływ czasu uniemozliwia dochodzenie roszczenia Lernen beginnen
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Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action
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wygaśnięcie zapisu testamentowego (np. gdy zapisobiorca umrze przed spadkodawcą). Lernen beginnen
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Lapse of legacy: the expiration of a testamentary legacy (e.g., when the legatee dies before the testator). Lapse of legacy: the expiration of a testamentary legacy (e.g., when the legatee dies before the testator).
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w zamian za prawa, w związku z prawami, biorąc pod uwagę prawa Lernen beginnen
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In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights. In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights. In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights. In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights
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W zamian za prawa udzielone na mocy niniejszej umowy, Licencjobiorca zobowiązuje się do zapłaty opłaty licencyjnej. Lernen beginnen
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In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee.
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„Każdy powinien korzystać ze swoich wolności, mając na uwadze prawa i wolności innych osób. Lernen beginnen
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“Everyone shall exercise their freedoms in consideration of the rights and freedoms of others.” “Everyone shall exercise their freedoms in consideration of the rights and freedoms of others.”
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Lernen beginnen
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Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE is the act of refraining from exercising a legal right, especially the enforcement of a debt or claim. Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE is the act of refraining from exercising a legal right, especially the enforcement of a debt or claim.
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Wierzyciel zgodził się na sześciomiesięczny okres powstrzymania się od egzekucji długu. Lernen beginnen
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The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months.
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Lernen beginnen
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Detriment is a loss, harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a loss, harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a loss, harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation.
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Powód poniósł finansowy uszczerbek w wyniku działania pozwanego. Lernen beginnen
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The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct. The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct.
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wzajemne zobowiązania wzajemne obietnice wzajemne wzajemne prawa i obowiązki Lernen beginnen
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Reciprocal obligations Reciprocal promises Reciprocal rights and duties Reciprocal obligations Reciprocal promises Reciprocal rights and duties
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Każda ze stron podejmuje się wzajemnych zobowiązań wynikających z umowy. Lernen beginnen
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Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement.
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer
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zrobić coś w określonym czasie w przyszłości Lernen beginnen
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to do something by particular time in the future
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Wykonawca zobowiązuje się dostarczyć towar do uzgodnionej daty. Lernen beginnen
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The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date.
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Lernen beginnen
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TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM
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Sąd może nakazać pozwanemu usunięcie stanu niezgodnego z prawem. Lernen beginnen
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The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation. The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation. The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation. The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation.
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Lernen beginnen
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otrzymać odszkodowanie w wysokości określonej kwoty pieniędzy Lernen beginnen
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to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage
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pozwać kogoś z powodu czegoś Lernen beginnen
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to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something
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pozwaliśmy go z powodu naruszenia umowy Lernen beginnen
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we sued him on a ground of breach of contract we sued him on a ground of breach of contract
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Lernen beginnen
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dostosować się do ustawy, działać zgodnie z ustawą Lernen beginnen
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to comply with the statue
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Niezastosowanie się do ustawy może skutkować odpowiedzialnością karną. Lernen beginnen
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Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability.
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być na bieżąco z prawem”, „śledzić zmiany w prawie”, „aktualizować swoją wiedzę prawną”. Lernen beginnen
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To keep up to date with the law
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zajmować się prawem pracy Lernen beginnen
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to work in employment law
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zgodnie z obowiązującym ustawodawstwem Lernen beginnen
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under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation
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przechowywać informacje na komputerze Lernen beginnen
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to hold information on a computer to hold information on a computer
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dzień rozpoczęcia, moment początkowy Lernen beginnen
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the starting day, the starting day, the starting day the starting day, the starting day, the starting day
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Termin przedawnienia biegnie od dnia, w którym powód dowiedział się o szkodzie. Lernen beginnen
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The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage. The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage.
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Uprawnienia do zasiłku chorobowego Lernen beginnen
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Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement
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Pracownikom przysługuje ustawowe prawo do wynagrodzenia chorobowego po czterech kolejnych dniach niezdolności do pracy. Lernen beginnen
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Employees have a statutory sick pay entitlement after four consecutive days of sickness.
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adres do doręczeń (zawiadomień, oświadczeń, wezwań) Lernen beginnen
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ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, Address for notices to be served ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, Address for notices to be served
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Lernen beginnen
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Każda ze stron wskazuje adres do doręczeń, a każde zawiadomienie doręczone na ten adres uznaje się za skutecznie doręczone. Lernen beginnen
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an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. Each party shall provide an address for notices to be served, and any notice delivered to that address shall be deemed duly served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. Each party shall provide an address for notices to be served, and any notice delivered to that address shall be deemed duly served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. Each party shall provide an address for notices to be served, and any notice delivered to that address shall be deemed duly served.
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być winnym poważnego wykroczenia Lernen beginnen
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to be guilty of serious misconduct
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być winnym poważnego zaniedbania, dopuścić się poważnego zaniedbania Lernen beginnen
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to be guilty of serious neglect to be guilty of serious neglect
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niekorzystnie wpływać, oddziaływać negatywnie Lernen beginnen
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adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect
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Opóźnienie w płatności negatywnie wpłynęło na płynność finansową wykonawcy. Lernen beginnen
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The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow.
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Żadna zmiana umowy nie może naruszać praw stron w sposób niekorzystny. Lernen beginnen
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Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties.
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istotny, wyróżniający się, kluczowy Lernen beginnen
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salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient,
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Lernen beginnen
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salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case
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Pełnomocnik podkreślił istotne fakty przemawiające za obroną. Lernen beginnen
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Counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense. counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense. Counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense. counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense.
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Pozwała gazetę o zniesławienie po opublikowaniu fałszywych informacji. Lernen beginnen
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She sued the newspaper for defamation after it published false statements about her. She sued the newspaper for defamation after it published false statements about her.
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Powód pozwał pozwanego z powodu zniesławienia i naruszenia prywatności. Lernen beginnen
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The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy.
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Lernen beginnen
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powództwo o ustalenie ojcostwa Lernen beginnen
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paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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sporny, wywołujący spór (w znaczeniu ogólnym), sprawny sądowo / procesowy (w znaczeniu prawniczym). Lernen beginnen
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Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious, Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious, Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious, Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious
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Sąd rozpoznaje sprawy sporne, takie jak spory z umów. Lernen beginnen
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The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes. The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes.
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Lernen beginnen
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Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious relating to disputes that are or may be resolved through dispute. Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious relating to disputes that are or may be resolved through dispute.
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Lernen beginnen
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contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings
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prawnik od spraw spornych Lernen beginnen
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on specjalizuje się w sprawach procesowych przed sądami cywilnymi. Lernen beginnen
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He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts. He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts.
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trudny interes, wymagający ostrożności, podchwytliwy Lernen beginnen
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Roszczenie o niesłuszne zwolnienie Lernen beginnen
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Claim for unfair dismissal Claim for unfair dismissal
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minimalny okres wypowiedzenia Lernen beginnen
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the minimum notice period the minimum notice period
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Być skazanym za przestępstwo Lernen beginnen
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To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence
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Została skazana za poważne przestępstwo z Kodeksu karnego. Lernen beginnen
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She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code.
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on został skazany za kradzież na 6 miesięcy więzienia Lernen beginnen
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He was convicted of theft and sentenced to six months in prison. He was convicted of theft and sentenced to six months in prison. He was convicted of theft and sentenced to six months in prison.
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znajdować się w stanie upadłości orzeczonej przez sąd. Lernen beginnen
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to be a subject of a bankruptcy order
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Lernen beginnen
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Osoba objęta postanowieniem o ogłoszeniu upadłości nie może pełnić funkcji dyrektora spółki. Lernen beginnen
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A person who is the subject of a bankruptcy order cannot act as a company director. A person who is the subject of a bankruptcy order cannot act as a company director.
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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to incure losses, to incure losses, to incure losses to incure losses, to incure losses, to incure losses
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Wstrzymanie się od wykonania określonego prawa, zwłaszcza prawa do egzekwowania długu lub roszczenia. Lernen beginnen
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Forbearance: the act of refraining from exercising a legal right, especially the right to enforce a debt or claim. Forbearance: the act of refraining from exercising a legal right, especially the right to enforce a debt or claim.
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Najemca poprosił o wstrzymanie płatności czynszu ze względu na trudną sytuację finansową. Lernen beginnen
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The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship. The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship.
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Wierzyciel zgodził się wstrzymać się z podjęciem działań prawnych przez sześć miesięcy. Lernen beginnen
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The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months.
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Powstrzymać się od wykonania uprawnienia lub od podjęcia kroków prawnych. Lernen beginnen
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To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action.
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Powstrzymać się od dochodzenia swoich praw Zaniechać wykonywania uprawnienia Lernen beginnen
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to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights,
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powstrzymać się od podjęcia kroków prawnych Lernen beginnen
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to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action
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Twoja rada nie jest już potrzebna Lernen beginnen
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your counsel is no longer needed your counsel is no longer needed
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„to ma zbyt duże znaczenie / zbyt poważne skutki / jest zbyt doniosłe w skutkach”. Lernen beginnen
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It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential.
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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to deposit money to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account to deposit money to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account
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rachunek bieżący / rachunek bieżący Lernen beginnen
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current account/ checking account
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przekroczenie konta bankowego, debet Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received. A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received.
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wypłacić pieniądze z konta bankowego Lernen beginnen
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to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account
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Być uprawnionym – być uprawnionym / kwalifikować się / posiadać warunki do czegoś. Lernen beginnen
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To be eligible, to be eligible, to be eligible To be eligible, to be eligible, to be eligible
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on Nie spełnia warunków do otrzymania zasiłku dla bezrobotnych Lernen beginnen
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He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits.
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Opłaty bankowe do poniesienia Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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bank charges, charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges bank charges, charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges bank charges, charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges
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Na tym wyciągu z konta musi być błąd! Lernen beginnen
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There must be a mistake in this bank statement!
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potwierdzić ważność, zatwierdzić, zweryfikować Lernen beginnen
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To validate, to validate to validate means to confirm that something is legally or factually correct, officially acceptable, or based on truth or evidence. To validate, to validate to validate means to confirm that something is legally or factually correct, officially acceptable, or based on truth or evidence.
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Lernen beginnen
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potwierdzić ważność umowy Lernen beginnen
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to validate a contract, to validate a contract, to validate a contract to validate a contract, to validate a contract, to validate a contract
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Sąd potwierdził ważność umowy mimo wady formalnej. Lernen beginnen
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The court validated the contract despite the formal defect. The court validated the contract despite the formal defect. the court validated the contract despite the formal defect. The court validated the contract despite the formal defect.
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Wszelkie niejasności w umowie będą interpretowane na niekorzyść jej autora. Lernen beginnen
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Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter. Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter.
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Wykładnia umowy zależy od rzeczywistego zamiaru stron. Lernen beginnen
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The construction of the contract depends on the parties' true intention. The construction of the contract depends on the parties’ true intention.
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Nasze wydatki przekraczają przychód. Lernen beginnen
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Our expenses exceed income.
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Lernen beginnen
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outgoings, outgoings, outgoings outgoings a word for all of the money you spend it could be every month or every year.
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Lernen beginnen
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to have to pay money to someone else
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Pozwany jest winien powodowi znaczną sumę pieniędzy. Lernen beginnen
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The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money.
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debet, mieć kredyt w rachunku bieżącym, mieć limit debetowy na rachunku bieżącym Lernen beginnen
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to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility,
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Bank może wypowiedzieć limit debetowy w razie naruszenia warunków przez klienta. Lernen beginnen
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The bank may terminate the overdraft limit if the customer breaches the terms and conditions. The bank may terminate the overdraft facility on notice if the customer breaches the terms.
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Na moim koncie widnieją dwa obciążenia za wczoraj Lernen beginnen
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My account shows two debits for yesterday My account shows two debits for yesterday
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Zauważyłem nieoczekiwaną kwotę obciążenia na moim wyciągu. Lernen beginnen
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I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement.
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Próbuję zmniejszyć swoje całkowite wydatki Lernen beginnen
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I am trying to reduce my total outgoings
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Lernen beginnen
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To default on a loan means to breach the repayment obligations arising under a loan contract by failing to make the payments when they fall due, whether in whole or in part.
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Pozwany nie spłacił pożyczki, nie dokonując spłaty rat wymagalnych zgodnie z umową pożyczki. Lernen beginnen
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The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement
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Lernen beginnen
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Contractual default interest. Contractual default interests means the rate of interest agreed by the parties in the contract, payable in the event of a default, particularly a failure to make a payment when due. Contractual default interest means the rate of interest agreed by the parties in the contract, payable in the event of a default, particularly a failure to make a payment when due.
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Lernen beginnen
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mieć dobrą historię płacenia Lernen beginnen
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to have a good history of paying to have a good history of paying
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Lernen beginnen
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Arrears are sums of money that have become due and remain unpaid past the agreed date. The term is commonly used in relation to rent, loan instalments, maintenance payments, or any other recurring financial obligations.
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Sąd może wyegzekwować zaległe alimenty na rzecz dziecka. Lernen beginnen
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Child maintenance arrears can be enforced by the court. Child maintenance arrears can be enforced by the court.
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Twoje saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym Lernen beginnen
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Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account
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„Problem utworzenia państwa jest rozwiązywalny nawet dla narodu diabłów, o ile posiadają rozum.” — Immanuel Kant, Wieczny pokój Lernen beginnen
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The problem of establishing a state is soluble even for a nation of devils, provided they have reason.” — Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace (1795)
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wpływać negatywnie, oddziaływać niekorzystnie, naruszać w sposób szkodliwy Lernen beginnen
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Opóźnienie może niekorzystnie wpłynąć na prawa powoda. Lernen beginnen
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The delay may adversely affect the claimant's rights The delay may adversely affect the claimant's rights
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Nowy warunek niekorzystnie wpłynie na sytuację wykonawcy. Lernen beginnen
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The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation.
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negatywny wpływ, niekorzystny skutek Lernen beginnen
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niekorzystny, szkodliwy, niepożądany, Lernen beginnen
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adverse, adverse, adverse, adverse, adverse, adverse
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Lernen beginnen
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zasiedzenie/ posiadanie wbrew prawu właściciela Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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interes sprzeczny z interesem innej strony Lernen beginnen
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adverse interest, adverse interest adverse interest, adverse interest an interest that is contrary to the interest of another party
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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defense, defense, defence, defence defense, defense, defence, defence defense, defense, defence, defence
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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break the law, break the law, break the law break the law, break the law, break the law
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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insecure, insecure, insecure insecure, insecure, insecure
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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prawa zostały negatywnie naruszone Lernen beginnen
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the rights were adversely affected the rights were adversely affected
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niekorzystnie wpływać na coś Lernen beginnen
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to adversely affect something to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something
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Przedłużająca się bezczynność organu niekorzystnie wpłynęła na prawa procesowe skarżącego. Lernen beginnen
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The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights.
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niewłaściwe postępowanie o charakterze poważniejszym, naruszenie obowiązków, zasad, procedur lub prawa. Lernen beginnen
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misconduct, misconduct, misconduct misconduct, misconduct, misconduct
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pracownika zwolniono za poważne naruszenie obowiązków Lernen beginnen
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the employee was dismissed for misconduct the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct.
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nadużycie funkcji publicznej Lernen beginnen
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misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office
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nieprawidłowości finansowe Lernen beginnen
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financial misconduct, financial misconduct, financial misconduct financial misconduct, financial misconduct, financial misconduct
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Fakt istotny (prawnie doniosły) Lernen beginnen
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Material fact Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party. Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party.
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Istotna okoliczność (bez doniosłości prawnej) Lernen beginnen
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SIGNIFICANT CIRCUMSTANCE Significant circumstance – an important circumstance, but not necessarily one that is legally decisive. SIGNIFICANT CIRCUMSTANCE Significant circumstance – an important circumstance, but not necessarily one that is legally decisive.
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„ prawo istnieje jako zwykły fakt i innymi słowy to, czym jest prawo, w żaden sposób nie zależy od tego, czym powinno być”. Lernen beginnen
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“The law exists as a plain fact, in other words, and what the law is in no way depends on what it should be.” “Dworkin presents this statement as a description of the positivist position, not as his own thesis.” “The law exists as a plain fact, in other words, and what the law is in no way depends on what it should be.”
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Lernen beginnen
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Odsetki ustawowe nadal narastają aż do dnia pełnej zapłaty. Lernen beginnen
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Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made. Statutory interest continues to accrue until the date of full payment.
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Wszelkie niezapłacone opłaty będą podlegały naliczaniu odsetek według stawki umownej. Lernen beginnen
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Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate.
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stopa kredytu, oprocentowanie pożyczki Lernen beginnen
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niewazny, nieskuteczny, niedopuszczalny, wadliwy Lernen beginnen
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an informal way of saying not suitable or not acceptable
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Ten dowód jest bezwartościowy / niedopuszczalny Lernen beginnen
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Umowa jest prawnie nieskuteczna. Lernen beginnen
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The contract is no good in law. the contract is no good on law
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brać pod uwagę zasady prawa Lernen beginnen
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pay attention to the principle of law pay attention to the principle of law
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stworzyć wiążący precedens Lernen beginnen
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to create a binding precedent
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uzasadnienie rozstrzygnięcia, RATIO DEDICENDI Lernen beginnen
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reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision
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Zrozumienie argumentacji leżącej u podstaw rozstrzygnięcia jest konieczne do oceny jego zgodności z prawem. Lernen beginnen
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Understanding the reasoning behind the decision is essential for assessing its compliance with the applicable law. Understanding the reasoning behind the decision is essential for assessing its compliance with the applicable law.
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Lernen beginnen
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Manifest injustice means an outcome that is clearly, obviously, and seriously unfair, to such an extent that allowing it to stand would undermine the integrity of the judicial process. Manifest injustice means an outcome that is clearly, obviously, and seriously unfair, to such an extent that allowing it to stand would undermine the integrity of the judicial process.
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istotny dla / mający znaczenie dla / dotyczący / związany z Lernen beginnen
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relevant to, relevant to, relevant to relevant to, relevant to, relevant to
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Dokumenty te nie mają znaczenia dla ustalenia odpowiedzialności. Lernen beginnen
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These documents are not relevant to liability. These documents are not relevant to determining liability. These documents are not relevant to liability.
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pisemne Oświadczenie złożone pod przysięga Lernen beginnen
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affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit
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rażące wprowadzenie w błąd, rażące przekłamanie, Lernen beginnen
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gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation,
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Sąd uznał, że postępowanie pozwanego stanowiło poważne wprowadzenie w błąd co do sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa. Lernen beginnen
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The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company.
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Rażące wprowadzenie w błąd może być podstawą do odstąpienia od umowy. Lernen beginnen
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Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract.
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Muszę zgłosić sprzeciw. To zupełnie nie ma związku ze sprawą. Lernen beginnen
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I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue.
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Lernen beginnen
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substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive
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Czy poprawnie przedstawiłem Twoje stanowisko? Jeśli nie, chcę, żebyś je powtórzył. Lernen beginnen
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did I state your position correctly? if I did not state your position correctly I want you to restate. did I state your position correctly? if I did not state your position correctly I want you to restate.
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niekorzystnie wpływać na coś, działać negatywnie. Lernen beginnen
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to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something,
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ktoś/coś dotknięte negatywnymi skutkami. Lernen beginnen
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someone/something affected by negative effects, someone/something affected by negative effects, someone/something affected by negative effects. someone/something affected by negative effects, someone/something affected by negative effects, someone/something affected by negative effects.
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dotkniętych negatywnymi skutkami Lernen beginnen
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affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effected affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effected
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Lernen beginnen
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the offer has lapsed, the offer has lapsed
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Lernen beginnen
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to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer
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Lernen beginnen
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to revoke an offer, to revoke an offer, to revoke an offer, to revoke an offer
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Lernen beginnen
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to revoke a power of attorney, to revoke a power of attorney, to revoke a power of attorney, to revoke a power of attorney
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świadczenie musi być wzajemne. Lernen beginnen
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Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal.
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ponieść uszczerbek / doznać szkody Lernen beginnen
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to suffer a detriment. to suffer a detriment. to suffer a detriment
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wykonać świadczenie wzajemne Lernen beginnen
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to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration,
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Każda ze stron musi wykonać świadczenie wzajemne jako warunek zawarcia wiążącej umowy. Lernen beginnen
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Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract.
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wprowadzające w błąd sprawozdania finansowe skłoniło inwestora do zawarcia umowy. Lernen beginnen
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Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement. Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement.
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Powód podnosił, że zachowanie sprzedawcy stanowiło rażące wprowadzenie w błąd. Lernen beginnen
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The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation. The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation. The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation. The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation.
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Powód jest uprawniony do otrzymania odsetek ustawowych. Lernen beginnen
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The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest.
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Jedynie pracownicy z co najmniej dwuletnim stażem kwalifikują się do odprawy Lernen beginnen
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Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay.
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Zasady są wymogami/ nakazami optymalizacyjnymi Lernen beginnen
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“Principles are optimization requirements, optimization commands." Robert Alexy
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Sąd zażądał pisemnego oświadczenia złożonego pod przysięga potwierdzającego ustalenia faktyczne. Lernen beginnen
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The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case.
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Złożył fałszywy affidavit, co stanowi przestępstwo krzywoprzysięstwa. Lernen beginnen
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He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury.
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procedura rozpatrywania skarg pracowniczych Lernen beginnen
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wypowiedzenie umowy o pracę Lernen beginnen
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letter of resignation, letter of resignation,
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Niniejszym składam moje pismo rezygnacyjne z zachowaniem wymaganego okresu wypowiedzenia. Lernen beginnen
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I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period.
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Lernen beginnen
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a notice period, a notice period, a notice period, a notice period a notice period, a notice period, a notice period, a notice period a notice period, a notice period, a notice period, a notice period
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odprawa z tytułu zwolnienia Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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wypowiedzenie z winy pracodawcy Lernen beginnen
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niesprawiedliwe zwolnienie Lernen beginnen
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unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal
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mieć roszczenie wobec pracodawcy Lernen beginnen
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to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer
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kwalifikować się do zwolnienia warunkowego Lernen beginnen
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to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol
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Kwalifikacja do warunkowego zwolnienia nie tworzy uprawnienia do zwolnienia, Lernen beginnen
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Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release.
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odsetki za opóźnienie umowne, odsetki za opóźnienie umowne, odsetki za opóźnienie umowne, Lernen beginnen
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contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests,
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zasada proporcjonalności w szerokim rozumieniu: test odpowiedniości, test konieczności, test proporcjonalności w sensie ścisłym Lernen beginnen
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proportionality principle in the board sense: the suitability test (appriopriateness test), the necessity test, the proportionality sensu stricto test (balancing test) proportionality principle in the board sense: the suitability test (appriopriateness test), the necessity test, the proportionality sensu stricto test (balancing test)
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Strony podjęły wobec siebie wzajemne zobowiązania na podstawie umowy. Lernen beginnen
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The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract.
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Obie strony wniosły wzajemne świadczenia. Lernen beginnen
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Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration.
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Z chwilą wykonania umowy powstają wzajemne prawa i obowiązki. Lernen beginnen
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Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed.
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uwięzienie, pozbawienie wolności, osadzenie w zakładzie karnym Lernen beginnen
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incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration
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otrzymać odszkodowanie w przypadku naruszenia umowy Lernen beginnen
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to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract
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wielokrotne nieterminowe płacenie doprowadziło do odstąpienia od umowy Lernen beginnen
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repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. Repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. Repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. Repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract.
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podnosić zarzuty, twierdzenia, przedstawiać stanowisko (prawo cywilne) Lernen beginnen
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to plead, to plead, to plead to plead, to plead, to plead to plead, to plead, to plead
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pisma procesowe, twierdzenia i zarzuty stron Lernen beginnen
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pleadings, pleadings, pleadings pleadings, pleadings, pleadings pleadings, pleadings, pleadings
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Pozwany nie przedstawił żadnej ważnej obrony. Lernen beginnen
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The defendant failed to plead any valid defence.
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Pełnomocnik umiejętnie przedstawił sprawę przed Sądem Najwyższym. Lernen beginnen
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Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court.
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PRZEDAWNIONY, objęty przedawnieniem Lernen beginnen
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TIME-BARRED, time-barred, time barred. TIME-BARRED, time-barred, time-barred
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Pozwany podniósł zarzut przedawnienia roszczenia. Lernen beginnen
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The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred.
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Przedawnione zadłużenie nie może zostać wyegzekwowane przed sądem. Lernen beginnen
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A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court.
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Powództwo zostało oddalone jako przedawnione. Lernen beginnen
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The action was dismissed as time-barred. The claim was dismissed as time-barred.
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roszczenie uległo przedawnieniu Lernen beginnen
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the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred,
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naruszyć cudzą własność / wkroczyć bez uprawnienia na cudzy teren (lub w cudzą sferę prawną) Lernen beginnen
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To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone. To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone. To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone. To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone.
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„Wtargnięcie” oznacza bezprawne naruszenie czyjejś własności, dóbr lub osobistej autonomii. Lernen beginnen
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“To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy. “To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy. “To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy.“To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy.
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bezprawne naruszenie nietykalności osobistej Lernen beginnen
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Trespass to the person – unlawful invasion of personal integrity (includes assault, battery, false imprisonment). Trespass to the person – unlawful invasion of personal integrity (includes assault, battery, false imprisonment) Trespass to the person – unlawful invasion of personal integrity (includes assault, battery, false imprisonment). Trespass to the person – unlawful invasion of personal integrity (includes assault, battery, false imprisonment).
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bezprawne wtargniecie na cudzy grunt Lernen beginnen
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trespass to land, trespass to the land, trespass to land
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Wejście na nieruchomość bez zgody właściciela stanowi naruszenie miru domowego / bezprawne wtargnięcie. Lernen beginnen
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trespass to land. trespass to land. trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land. trespass to land. trespass to land. trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land.
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delikt polegający na wywołaniu u innej osoby uzasadnionej obawy przed natychmiastową przemocą fizyczną. Lernen beginnen
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The tort of assault – a tort of causing another person to have a reasonable fear of immediate physical violence.
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wypowiedź zniesławiająca / pomawiająca, czyli taka, która obiektywnie szkodzi reputacji danej osoby. Lernen beginnen
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Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement,
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Artykuł zawierał zniesławiające oświadczenie, zarzucające powodowi nadużycia zawodowe. Lernen beginnen
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The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct. The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct. The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct. The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct.
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zniesławienie, pomówienie Lernen beginnen
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Defamation, defamation, defamation, defamation Defamation, defamation, defamation, defamation Defamation, defamation, defamation, defamation
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nieprawdziwość / fałszywość (w sensie prawnym. Lernen beginnen
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Falsity, Falsity, Falsity Falsity is the quality of a statement being untrue, meaning it does not correspond to objective facts and misrepresents reality. Falsity, Falsity, Falsity Falsity is the quality of a statement being untrue, meaning it does not correspond to objective facts and misrepresents reality.
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Bank może wypowiedzieć limit debetowy, jeżeli klient narusza umowę rachunku. Lernen beginnen
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The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. OVERDRAFT FACILITY, OVERDRAFT FACILITY The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. OVERDRAFT FACILITY, OVERDRAFT FACILITY
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Sprawiedliwość spóźniona to odmówienie sprawiedliwości. Lernen beginnen
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Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied.
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zniesławienie w formie trwałej Lernen beginnen
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label, label, label (publishing the defamatory statement in a permanent form) (permanent defamation) label, label, label (publishing the defamatory statement in a permanent form) (permanent defamation)
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Zamieszczanie zniesławiających komentarzy w mediach społecznościowych może stanowić zniesławienie Lernen beginnen
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Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel.
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umyślne i bezprawne fizyczne naruszenie integralności cielesnej innej osoby. Lernen beginnen
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Battery, Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact), Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact), Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact) Battery, Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact), Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact), Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact)
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Battery wymaga rzeczywistego kontaktu fizycznego, podczas gdy assault może wystąpić bez dotknięcia ofiary. Lernen beginnen
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Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim. Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim. Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim. Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim.
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Sąd musi ustalić, czy zdarzenie było rozsądnie przewidywalnym skutkiem zachowania pozwanego. Lernen beginnen
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The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct. The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct. The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct.
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Pozwany ponosi odpowiedzialność wyłącznie za straty, które były rozsądnie przewidywalne w chwili naruszenia. Lernen beginnen
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The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach.
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roszczenie stanowiące podstawę powództwa Lernen beginnen
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actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim,
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czyn niedozwolony stanowiący podstawę powództwa Lernen beginnen
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actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong,
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naruszenie stanowiące podstawę powództwa Lernen beginnen
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actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach,
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szkoda rodząca odpowiedzialność Lernen beginnen
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actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage,
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wprowadzające w błąd oświadczenie stanowiące podstawę odpowiedzialności Lernen beginnen
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actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation,
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niedbalstwo rodzące odpowiedzialność Lernen beginnen
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negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability
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zachowanie stanowiące podstawę powództwa Lernen beginnen
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actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct,
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zaniechanie rodzące odpowiedzialność prawną, zaskarżalne zaniechanie Lernen beginnen
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actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission
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naruszenie / ingerencja dająca podstawę powództwa Lernen beginnen
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actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference,
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Lernen beginnen
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deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect
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odstraszający od przestępstwa Lernen beginnen
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deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime,
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typ odpowiedzialności deliktowej, rodzaj deliktu Lernen beginnen
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główny sprawca czynu niedozwolonego Lernen beginnen
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primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor
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współsprawca czynu niedozwolonego Lernen beginnen
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joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor
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ścigać sprawcę czynu niedozwolonego, dochodzić roszczeń przeciwko sprawcy deliktu / podjąć działania prawne wobec sprawcy czynu niedozwolonego. Lernen beginnen
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to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor,
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bezzwłocznie, szybko, bez zbędnej zwłoki, natychmiast Lernen beginnen
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forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith
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Lernen beginnen
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to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith
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natychmiast zastosować się do Lernen beginnen
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to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith
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dostarczyć dokumenty niezwłocznie Lernen beginnen
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to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith
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działać natychmiast, działać niezwłocznie, bezzębnej zwłoki Lernen beginnen
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to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith
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natychmiast opuścić lokal Lernen beginnen
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to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith,
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przez cały okres, w którym..., tak długo, jak..., w czasie, gdy..., w czasie trwania okresu Lernen beginnen
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during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
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przez cały okres w którym umowa pozostaje w mocy Lernen beginnen
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during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force
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przez cały okres, gdy obowiązek nadal istnieje Lernen beginnen
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during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist
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w niedalekiej przyszłości Lernen beginnen
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Prawo deliktów to gałąź prawa, która reguluje odpowiedzialność cywilną za wyrządzenie szkody. Lernen beginnen
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The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs
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Lernen beginnen
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civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong
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popełnić czyn niedozwolony Lernen beginnen
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to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong
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Podstawowym celem prawa deliktów jest zapewnienie środka ochrony prawnej osobom, które zostały pokrzywdzone działaniami innych. Lernen beginnen
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The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others. The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others. The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others. The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others.
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odszkodowanie, wyrównanie szkody Lernen beginnen
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remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy,
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krzywdzić kogoś, wyrządzić komuś krzywdę / naruszyć czyjeś prawa / zaszkodzić komuś w sposób bezprawny Lernen beginnen
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to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody
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Wyrządził jej krzywdę, publikując nieprawdziwe informacje. Lernen beginnen
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He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements.
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Być odpowiedzialnym za krzywdy/ szkody wyrządzone innym Lernen beginnen
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To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others,
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Osoba może ponosić odpowiedzialność za wyrządzenie szkody innym, jeżeli jej niedbalstwo spowodowało szkodę. Lernen beginnen
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A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm. A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm. A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm. A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm.
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naprawiać krzywdę, zadośćuczynić Lernen beginnen
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redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress,
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rekompensata lub środek naprawczy przysługujący za naruszenie prawa. Lernen beginnen
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Redress, Redress Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress, Redress Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong.
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naruszać obowiązek staranności Lernen beginnen
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to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care
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udowodnienie szkody, wykazanie szkodyv Lernen beginnen
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prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm
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Delikt jest czynem niedozwolonym rodzącym odpowiedzialność cywilną. Lernen beginnen
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Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred.
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Klauzula jest zbyt niejasna, aby można ją było wyegzekwować. Lernen beginnen
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The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable.
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tort to czyn niedozwolony, powodujący odpowiedzialność cywilną Lernen beginnen
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a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred
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Lernen beginnen
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zachowanie przestępcze, bezprawne działanie Lernen beginnen
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wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing
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niezwłocznie, bezzwłocznie, bez żadnej zbędnej zwłoki. Lernen beginnen
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forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith
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niedbalstwo, niestaranność, zaniedbanie Lernen beginnen
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negligence, negligence, negligence means a breach of a legal duty to take a reasonable care that results on damage to the claimant negligence, negligence means a breach of a legal duty to take a reasonable care that results on damage to the claimant negligence, negligence, negligence means a breach of a legal duty to take a reasonable care that results on damage to the claimant negligence, negligence means a breach of a legal duty to take a reasonable care that results on damage to the claimant
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zaniedbanie nie zakłada zamiaru Lernen beginnen
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negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend
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zaniedbanie nie jest celowe Lernen beginnen
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negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional,
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racjonalną (rozsądną) przewidywalność skutku, ocenianą z perspektywy „rozsądnej osoby” Lernen beginnen
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rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person.
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Lernen beginnen
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proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity,
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Pozwać kogoś z powodu zaniedbania. Lernen beginnen
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To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence.
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Obowiązek należytej staranności powstaje, gdy szkoda jest rozsądnie przewidywalna. Lernen beginnen
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A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable.
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Szkoła nie wykonała ciążącego na niej obowiązku należytej staranności wobec uczniów. Lernen beginnen
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The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students
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Pozwać kogoś z powodu bezprawnego pozbawienia wolności. Lernen beginnen
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To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment.
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pozwać kogoś z powodu naruszenia nietykalności cielesnej Lernen beginnen
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to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery
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Podstawową kategorią czynów niedozwolonych, do których zalicza się bezprawne pozbawienie wolności, napaść i pobicie, jest wtargnięcie na cudzy teren. Lernen beginnen
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The head of tort that includes false imprisonment, assault, and battery is trespass to the person.
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pozwać kogoś z powodu zniesławienia Lernen beginnen
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to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander,
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wytoczyć przeciwko komuś powództwo z tytułu zniesławienia w formie pisemnej Lernen beginnen
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to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel,
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„Przewidywalne” oznacza, że skutki mojego działania są możliwe do przewidzenia Lernen beginnen
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foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable
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Czy pozwany naruszył obowiązek zachowania ostrożności? Lernen beginnen
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Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care?
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Nie jestem zobowiązany do zachowania należytej staranności wobec każdego i w każdych okolicznościach. Lernen beginnen
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I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances.
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W prawie deliktowym obowiązek zachowania ostrożności nie ma charakteru absolutnego Lernen beginnen
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In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute.
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Wytoczyć powództwo przeciwko komuś z tytułu zaniedbania (deliktu niedbalstwa). Lernen beginnen
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To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence,
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odstraszający, zniechęcający Lernen beginnen
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deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent,
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Sankcje karne pełnią funkcję represyjną oraz odstraszającą. Lernen beginnen
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Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent.
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być winnym niedbałego postępowania Lernen beginnen
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to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct,
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Sąd uznał, że wykonawca byl winny niedbałego działania podczas realizacji umowy. Lernen beginnen
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The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract.
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mieć prawo do zadośćuczynienia/odszkodowania Lernen beginnen
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to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress,
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mieć wobec kogoś obowiązek zachowanie należytej staranności Lernen beginnen
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to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody
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Odległe szkody to straty, których nie można w racjonalny sposób przewidzieć jako konsekwencji zachowania pozwanego i które w związku z tym nie podlegają odszkodowaniu. Lernen beginnen
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Remote damages are losses that are not reasonably foreseeable as a consequence of the defendant’s conduct and therefore fall outside the scope of compensable harm.
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Szkody odległe nie podlegają odpowiedzialności pozwanego. Lernen beginnen
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Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability.
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Sąd zbadał finansowe skutki zaniedbania pozwanego. Lernen beginnen
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The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence.
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Skutki naruszenia spowodowały, że powód musiał ponieść znaczne koszty naprawcze. Lernen beginnen
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The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath, the aftermath The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath, the aftermath
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następstwa, skutki czegoś Lernen beginnen
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aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of,
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Lernen beginnen
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oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence
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Ponieważ zniesławienie pisemne jest deliktem zaskarżonym per se, podstawa nie musi wykazywać rzeczywistych szkód. Lernen beginnen
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Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage.
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W przeciwieństwie do slander, libel jest zaskarżalny per se ze względu na trwały i szkodliwy charakter. Lernen beginnen
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Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature.
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Lernen beginnen
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Negligent behaviour negligent behaviour: careless behaviour that is likely to cause harm to another person. negligent behaviour: careless behaviour that is likely to cause harm to another person. negligent behaviour.
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zadośćuczynienie oznacza to samo co odszkodowanie Lernen beginnen
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redress means the same as compensation
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szkoda odległa: szkoda, której pozwany nie mógł rozsądnie przewidzieć Lernen beginnen
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remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee
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przyjęcie oferty nie może nastąpić milczeniem Lernen beginnen
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acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence.
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miesięczne wyciągi (bankowe) miesięczne zestawienia Lernen beginnen
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Saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym. Saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym. Saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym. Lernen beginnen
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Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account.
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Lernen beginnen
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to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account
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Rachunek bieżący to rachunek bankowy, z którego możesz korzystać w dowolnym momencie. Lernen beginnen
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a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time. a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time. a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time. a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time.
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Bank odmówił realizacji czeku wystawionego przez pozwanego. Lernen beginnen
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The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant.
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Lernen beginnen
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to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque — to formally create and sign a cheque, thereby instructing a bank to pay a specified sum of money to a named payee from the issuer’s account. to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque — to formally create and sign a cheque, thereby instructing a bank to pay a specified sum of money to a named payee from the issuer’s account.
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w skodyfikowanych systemach prawa słowa mają jasne definicje. Lernen beginnen
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in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions.
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Umowa ulega rozwiązaniu ze skutkiem natychmiastowym. Lernen beginnen
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the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith.
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w niedalekiej przyszłości, w niedalekiej przyszłości, w niedalekiej przyszłości, w niedalekiej przyszłości, Lernen beginnen
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in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon
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w czasie, gdy / podczas, w czasie, gdy Lernen beginnen
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during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while, during as such time as / while, during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while, during as such time as / while, during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while, during as such time as / while, during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while
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w czasie obowiązywania niniejszej umowy strony uzgodniły następujące warunki. Lernen beginnen
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during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms.
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w przypadku naruszenia umowy/jeśli doszło do naruszenia umowy Lernen beginnen
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in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract
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nie mniej niż/przynajmniej, Lernen beginnen
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not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least,
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jednakże, jednakowoż, chociaż, pomimo, niezależnie od Lernen beginnen
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notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding notwithstanding notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding notwithstanding notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding notwithstanding
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Skoro, o tyle o ile, w takim zakresie w jakim, ponieważ, z tego względu że Lernen beginnen
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inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as
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Zgadzam się podpisać tę umowę pomimo faktu, że mam pewne wątpliwości co do możliwości dostarczenia mi towaru w terminie Lernen beginnen
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I Agree to sign this contract notwithstanding the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date I Agree to sign this contract notwithstanding the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date I Agree to sign this contract notwithstanding the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date
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Niezależnie od jakichkolwiek innych postanowień niniejszej Umowy, niniejszy paragraf ma pierwszeństwo w przypadku jakiejkolwiek niezgodności lub kolizji przepisów. Lernen beginnen
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Section shall prevail in the event of any inconsistency or conflict. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Section shall prevail in the event of any inconsistency or conflict. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Section shall prevail in the event of any inconsistency or conflict.
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Niezależnie od powyższego, Dostawca nie ponosi odpowiedzialności za szkody pośrednie, następcze ani represyjne. Lernen beginnen
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages.
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Niezależnie od § 5, Klient nie jest zobowiązany do uzyskania uprzedniej zgody Wykonawcy w sprawach nagłych. Lernen beginnen
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Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters.
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Niezależnie od wystąpienia siły wyższej, każda ze Stron podejmie uzasadnione działania w celu ograniczenia skutków opóźnienia. Lernen beginnen
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Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay.
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Lernen beginnen
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until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as,
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Płatność zostanie wstrzymana do czasu, aż Zamawiający zweryfikuje kompletność robót. Lernen beginnen
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Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works.
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Nie było zaniedbania ze strony pozwanego. Lernen beginnen
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There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant.
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w niedalekiej przyszłości / wkrótce Lernen beginnen
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in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon,
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Lernen beginnen
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at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now,
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Lernen beginnen
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in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if
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Lernen beginnen
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on the part of his parents
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Lernen beginnen
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on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by
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nie mniej niż/co najmniej, Lernen beginnen
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not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least
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Lernen beginnen
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prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to
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przed podpisaniem / wykonaniem umowy, Lernen beginnen
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prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement
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z zastrzeżeniem, uzależnione od, podlega Lernen beginnen
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subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to,
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Z zastrzeżeniem ust. 10, Wykonawca... Lernen beginnen
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Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall... Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall... Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall...
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Płatność jest uzależniona od dostarczenia faktury. Lernen beginnen
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Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice... Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice... Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice... Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice.
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Umowa podlega prawu polskiemu. Lernen beginnen
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The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. the Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. the Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. the Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law.
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Lernen beginnen
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prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works
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przed dostawą / wykonaniem, Lernen beginnen
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prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance
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przed datą wejścia w życie Lernen beginnen
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prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date
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przed czymś, uprzednio do Lernen beginnen
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prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth.
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Przed wystawieniem faktury. Lernen beginnen
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Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice.
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Przed rozpoczęciem wykonania świadczenia Lernen beginnen
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Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance.
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Czy cena towaru zawiera podatek? Lernen beginnen
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Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?” Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?” Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?”
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włączając w to, uwzględniając, zawierając Lernen beginnen
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inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of
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Opłata obejmuje wszystkie koszty administracyjne. Lernen beginnen
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The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges.
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„wskazany”, „odniesiony do”, „o którym mowa”, „do którego się odwołano”. Lernen beginnen
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referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to
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zajmuje się prowadzeniem własnej działalności gospodarczej Lernen beginnen
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he is engaged running his own business
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Być zaangażowanym w” oznacza „zajmować się”, „uczestniczyć w”, „prowadzić działalność w zakresie”, „być zaangażowanym w”. Lernen beginnen
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To be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in To be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in To be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in
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Opłata serwisowa za utrzymanie obejmuje aktualizacje oprogramowania i poprawki bezpieczeństwa. Lernen beginnen
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The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches.
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Lernen beginnen
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defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section
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duży sklep detaliczny, duża placówka handlowa. duży wylot Lernen beginnen
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large outlet, large outlet, large outlet, large outlet large outlet, large outlet, large outlet, large outlet large outlet, large outlet, large outlet, large outlet
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Wszystkie płatności będą dokonywane zgodnie z postanowieniami wcześniejszej umowy. Lernen beginnen
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All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement.
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To jest istotny warunek umowy. Lernen beginnen
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This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement.
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Pierwotny okres obowiązywania niniejszej umowy wynosi 12 miesięcy. Lernen beginnen
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The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months.
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Lernen beginnen
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to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, toto give notice of termination give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, toto give notice of termination give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, toto give notice of termination give notice of termination,
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powiadomić, zawiadomić (formalnie) Lernen beginnen
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to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice
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Lernen beginnen
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procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something.
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Lernen beginnen
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public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement
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zobowiązania umowne lub oświadczenia-gwarancje strony. Lernen beginnen
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undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings,
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zobowiązać się do wykonania, zobowiązać się do wykonania, zobowiązać się do wykonania, zobowiązać się do wykonania, zobowiązać się do wykonania Lernen beginnen
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undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform
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Lernen beginnen
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contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings
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eksperci wyznaczeni przez stronę Lernen beginnen
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Lernen beginnen
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court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert
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pisemne oświadczenie złożone pod przysięgą, Lernen beginnen
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a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony,
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postępowania ewidentnie bezzasadne, postępowanie ewidentnie bezzasadne, postępowanie ewidentnie bezzasadne, postępowanie ewidentnie bezzasadne, postępowanie ewidentnie bezzasadne, Lernen beginnen
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manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings,
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„dotychczas”, „do tej pory”, „jak dotąd”, „wcześniej w niniejszym dokumencie / stanie faktycznym”. Lernen beginnen
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heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore,
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Wszelkie prawa dotychczas przyznane Licencjobiorcy niniejszym wygasają. Lernen beginnen
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All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated.
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Zobowiązania nałożone dotychczas na Wykonawcę pozostają w pełnej mocy. Lernen beginnen
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The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect.
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dzień po tym, jak wydawca otrzyma gwarancję, że martwe dzieło zostanie wykonane na Florydzie i opublikowane przez inną firmę lub osobę Lernen beginnen
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day after guarantees to the publisher the dead do work is here to Florida and published by any other company or individual
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autor gwarantuje wydawcy, że jego praca nie była dotychczas publikowana przez żadną inną firmę ani osobę. (wcześniej). Lernen beginnen
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the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. (previously). the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. (previously). the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. previously
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nieruchomość dotychczas znana jako Downing House zostaje przemianowana na Appleby House Lernen beginnen
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the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House
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„Niezależnie od powyższego / bez względu na to, co podano wyżej / pomimo wcześniejszych postanowień”. Lernen beginnen
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing,
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sprawiedliwy proces, rzetelny proces Lernen beginnen
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fair trial, due process of law
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Lernen beginnen
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hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby
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Lernen beginnen
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hereby I declare, hereby l declare, hereby l declare, hereby I declare, hereby l declare, hereby l declare, hereby I declare, hereby l declare, hereby l declare,
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Niniejszym przyjmuję Twoją ofertę. Lernen beginnen
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hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer
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Lernen beginnen
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hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action
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w niniejszym dokumencie, w tym miejscu, Lernen beginnen
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herein herein, herein, herein, herein, herein herein herein, herein, herein, herein, herein herein herein, herein, herein, herein, herein
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jak przewidziano w niniejszym dokumencie, zgodnie z postanowieniami niniejszego dokumentu Lernen beginnen
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as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein
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cena podana w niniejszym dokumencie jest ostateczna i nie podlega negocjacjom. Lernen beginnen
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the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is the final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is the final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is the final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable.
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Lernen beginnen
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utrzymać w mocy, potwierdzić ważność Lernen beginnen
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uphold, uphold, uphold,
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Sąd Apelacyjny podtrzymał wyrok sądu pierwszej instancji. Lernen beginnen
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The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court.
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podtrzymywać zasady / wartości / standardy Lernen beginnen
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to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards
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wyrok w mocy wyroku / zakończony / pogrzebany Lernen beginnen
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to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision,
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Lernen beginnen
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hereinafter referred to as
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zwane dalej łącznie w niniejszej umowie stronami Lernen beginnen
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hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties,
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zwana dalej, zwana dalej, Lernen beginnen
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hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called
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Lernen beginnen
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na podstawie wniosku o przedłużenie umowy / na mocy wydania dokumentu / wynikającego z konieczności stosowania” Lernen beginnen
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hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder
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przez to, w ten sposób, tym samym, w konsekwencji tego działania Lernen beginnen
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thereby, thereby, thereby, thereby thereby thereby (as a result of this), thereby, thereby, thereby, thereby thereby thereby (as a result of this), thereby, thereby, thereby, thereby thereby thereby (as a result of this),
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Twój klient podpisał umowę i w ten sposób wszedł w wiążącą umowę. Twój klient podpisał umowę i w ten sposób wszedł w wiążącą umowę. Twój klient podpisał umowę i w ten sposób wszedł w wiążącą umowę. Lernen beginnen
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your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement.
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