Facts and Figures (eng. 01)

Uracil is a nucleotide, which are the building blocks of DNA, except uracil replaces thymine in RNA. So uracil is the nucleotide that is found almost exclusively in RNA.

Some well-known pyrimidine compounds include cytosine, thymine, and uracil, present in nucleic acids; thiamine (vitamin B1); and sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine, drugs used in therapy of bacterial and viral diseases.

Pyrimidine, any of a class of organic compounds of the heterocyclic series characterized by a ring structure composed of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms. The simplest member of the family is pyrimidine itself, with molecular formula C4H4N2.

The name comes from Ancient Greek εἴκοσι meaning "twenty" and from Ancient Greek ἕδρα meaning "seat".

In geometry, the great icosahedron is one of four Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra.

Also known as 5-methyluracil, it is a pyrimidine nucleobase, which pairs with adenine (A), a purine nucleobase.

In thymine, the groups at C-4 and C-2 are hydrogen acceptors, and N-3 is a hydrogen donor. (Only two of these sites, C-4 and N–3, are used to form base pairs in DNA.)

Thymine has a methyl group at the 5’ position, distinguishing it from uracil, which has hydrogen at that position.

When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, covalent bonds are formed between adjacent thymine molecules on the same strand of DNA.

In case of thymine adjacent to a cytosine, the resulting fusion is a thymine-cytosine dimer in which the thymine is linked via its carbon atom 6 to the carbon atom 4 of cytosine.

A satirical cartoon of 1802 showed people who had been vaccinated sprouting cow's heads.

Jenner carried out research in a number of other areas of medicine and was also keen on fossil collecting and horticulture. He died on 26 January 1823.

It is used in laboratories to separate macromolecules based on size.

Isoenzymes are generally identified in the clinical laboratory by electrophoresis.

They are generally identified in the clinical laboratory by electrophoresis.

Isoenzymes differ in amino acid composition and sequence and multimeric quaternary structure; mostly, but not always, they have similar (conserved) structures.

This molecule is only transient, as the end products are carbon dioxide and water, but clever physicians may detect metabolic disorders by the distinctive, somewhat sweet smell of elevated concentrations on the breath of a patient.

In 1916 the petrochemical industry was still in its infancy and a fairly inefficient method using calcium acetate as the staring material was used to make acetone.

It is not as if the two conventional bonds in the CO molecule are stronger or different in any other way than the coordinate covalent bond.

Recently a research genome sequencing project discovered that many of the bases on the Y-chromosome are arranged as palindromes

According to one myth, the Apis was the living embodiment of Ptah while he lived and Osiris when he died.

The ancient Egyptians placed great value on cats as they protected the crops and slowed the spread of disease by killing vermin.

Bubastis was the capital of ancient Egypt for a time during the Late Period, and a number of pharaohs included the goddess in their throne names.

a chemical reaction in which the Gibbs free energy (G) of the products is greater than the Gibbs free energy of the reactants

An exothermic reaction is an exergonic reaction in which energy is released in the form of heat.

a chemical reaction in which the Gibbs free energy (G) of the products is smaller than the Gibbs free energy of the reactants

The term anabolism refers to those endergonic metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis, converting simple molecular building blocks into more complex molecules, and fueled by the use of cellular energy.

In 1985, Kary Mullis invented the process known as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which a small amount of DNA can be copied in large quantities over a short period of time.

His swan song victory came in 1480, when he triumphed in Otranto, Italy, and was next planning moves to draw closer to Rome.

On May 29 1453, Constantinople finally fell, earning Mehmed II the well-deserved title of "conqueror."

An average virus is about eight times bigger than a ribosome, whereas the average bacteria is about 30 times bigger than your average virus.

it provides a pearly iridescent effect. It is also used in metallic paints and simulated pearls and plastics.

With the formula C5H5N5O, guanine is a derivative of purine, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds.

it provides a pearly iridescent effect. It is also used in metallic paints and simulated pearls and plastics.

In guanine, the group at C-6 is a hydrogen acceptor, and N-1 and the amino group at C-2 are hydrogen donors.

The amino groups of adenine and cytosine are hydrogen donors, and the ring nitrogen atoms (N-1 in adenine and N-3 in cytosine) are hydrogen acceptors. Cytosine also has a hydrogen acceptor group at C-2

The rising number of drug-resistant TB cases warrants novel strategies urgently to eliminate Mtb.

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid.

If inoculated into a wound, the spindle can grow and produce a potent toxin, tetanospasmin, which interferes with motor neurons.

In World War I, injection of tetanus antiserum from horses was widely used as a prophylaxis against tetanus in wounded soldiers, leading to a dramatic decrease in tetanus cases over the course of the war.