law

solicitor

this person is a lawyer who gives legal advices to individuals and companies. He or she passed the exam of The Law Society of England & Wales at the end of his or her studies

attorney

this person is a lawyer who gives legal advice to individuals and companies. He or she passed his or groom exams in the USA at the end of his or her studies and is usually a member of the American Bar Association

barrister

this person is a lawyer who gives legal advice and opinions to solicitors. He or she passed the exams of The Bar Council at the end of his or her studies

litigation

the process of making a claim in the civil court

represent their clients both in and out of court

acting for clients

barrister

self-employed, specialist in advocacy which is the skill of speaking for someone in court, we call this pleading a case, right of audience in court

criminal law

the law that punishes acts against a person or against property that people consider to be harmful to the whole community. The state prosecutes criminal

civil law

the law concerning the rights and duties of private individuals and companies other than criminal matters

a matter

a subject or situation, e. g a criminal matter, a civil matter

a will

a legal document in which a person gives details of what they want to happen to their property after their death

to steal (stole)

to take something that belongs to someone else with the intention of keeping it

start a claim in the civil court

filing a claim or issuing a claim or starting proceeding

prosecute

only in criminal law

claimant (in USA plaintiff)

the person who starts the claim

defendant

other party from claimant

claim form

the document that a claimant uses to start legal action against the defendant

court fee

sum of amount that the claimant has to pay for the court to issue proceeding

to be in dispute

to have a serious disagreement with another person

a party to a court case

the claimant or the defendant

to owe money to someone

to have to pay someone for something that they have done for you or given to you

legal costs

the court fees and payment for the lawyers who are acting for the parties

a procedure

a decided way of doing something

to prosecute

to take legal action against someone in the criminal court

issue a claim

start a claim in the civil court

pay a fee

pay the court an amount of money for issuing the claim

serve a claim upon

send the claim to the defendant's address and make sure that he or she receives it

respond to a claim

confirm that you have received the claim and to say what you will do next

hear a case

listen to the details of the claim and listen to what the claimant and the defendant say about their dispute

find in favour of someone

decide that this person has won the case

give a judgment

officially announce the result of the case. The judge may give the reasons for the decision

make an order

officially state what someone has to do and how and when he or she must do it

bailiff

can legally take a person's property when that person does not pay money that he or she owes

law of tort

law of civil responsibility

law of tort

says that everyone has a civil duty to be careful and not to hurt or harm another person. Lawyers call this civil duty "the duty of care"

breach

break

action a tort

1. Leaving the floor of a shop in a dangerous condition so that a customer falls and hurts her leg. 2. Saying something that is bad about someone, which isn't true.

action a tort

3. Writing a negative story in newspaper about someone, which isn't true. 4. Playing loud music late every night, which disturbs your neighbours.

negligence

is when someone is not careful enough and this person's carelessness hurts another person as a result. The person who is hurt is called the injured person

damages - compensation

money from the careless person

to sue someone

more informal way of saying starting proceeding against someone in a civil court

allegation - zarzut

like an accusation

grounds

the reasons for going to court

"no win no fee" arrangement

the agreement is that if the client does not win the case then he or she does not have to pay for the lawyer's services

law

law of contract, company law, land law, law of tort, law of equity and trusts, employment law, family law, immigration law, intellectual property law, criminal law

to deal with someone or something

to do business with someone or to take the correct action in an area of work

legal

allowed by the law

valid

legally correct and acceptable

to draft a document

to write a document

to have a right (in intellectual property law)

to have a legal interest in something; it is yours

robber

a person who steals money or property while using or threatening to use violence

a divorce

the legal ending of a marriage

to merge (in company law)

when two companies join together to form one

to be based somewhere

to be established somewhere as the main place where you work or live

goods

things that are produced so that they can be sold

fund - fundusz

an amount of money that a person or organisation keeps to pay for something in particular

unfair dismissal - nieuzasadnione zwolnienie z pracy

is a situation where someone loses his or her job for a reason that is not valid

lease of land and buildings - dzierżawa

is an agreement to allow someone to use land or buildings for a fixed period of time in return for a payment of rent

formation of a business - tworzenie firmy

is the establishment of a new business in a specific way

landlord - gospodarz

is a person who owns a house, a flat or office and receives rent from someone for allowing them to live there, or use the building for business purpose

maternity leave - urlop macierzyński

is the time period when a women is not at work before and after the birth of her baby. Her employer usually pays her for part or all of the time that she is away

to discriminate against someone means

to behave differently towards that person, usually in the workplace, because of their age, sex or the colour of their skin

tenant - najemca

is a person who pays rent to the owner of a house, a flat or an office in return for living there, or for using the building for business purpose

capital

is the total amount of money, property and other assets that a business has

sick pay - zasiłek chorobowy

is money that an employer must pay to an employee when that employee is ill and cannot work

to be insolvent means - upadłościowy

not having enough money to pay your debts

conveyancing - przenoszenie tytułu własności

is the legal process involved in transferring the ownership of a house or land from the seller to the buyer

redundancy - zwolnienie z nadmiaru pracowników

is a situation where someone loses his or her job because an employer no longer needs so many employees

partnership - współpraca

is a business which a minimum of two people own and control

merger - fuzja

is the joining together of two or more things, such as companies, to form one single thing or company

real estate - nieruchomość

is a more formal way of saying land and buildings

ownership

to have ownership of a property means that the property belongs to you. You are the owner of the property

assets - majątek

things that a person or company owns

debts

sums of money that you owe

rent

the money that someone pays, usually every month, to use a flat, a house or an office that belongs to someone else

fixed - ustalony

something that is fixed is certain and cannot be changed

allegation

make an - - against someone

breach

a duty of care, contract

capital

to raise -; - punishment; - of a company

case

plead a case

client

advice, represent

damages

demand, pay, award

discriminate

against someone

divorce

to file for, get

draft

contacts, documents

prosecutor

conduct an investigation, prove guilt, prosecute, represent the government in criminal proceeding, prepare the case against defendant,

judge

set a precedent, hear cases witnesses, rule on legal matters, deliver a ruling

notary

execute documents, authenticate documents, notarise a signature, draw up contract, administer OATHS

lawyer

draft pleading, advise about law, appear in court, practice law, act on behalf of a client, argue cases