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Abbreviation

a shortened form of a written word or phrase used in place of the whole word or phrase

Agricultural

used for farming or relating to farming/ agricultural workhouse

Amanuensis

a person whose job is to write down what another person says or to copy what another person has written

Anthropomorphic

described or thought of as having a human form or human attributes./ an anthropomorphic animal

Awkward

embarrassed or nervous

Backdrop

the general situation in which particular events happen/ against this backdrop

Badge

a device or token especially of membership in a society or group / name badge

Cast

to throw something / to cast a spell over

Clarity

the quality of being clear and easy to understand/ mental clarity

Compromise

to allow your principles to be less strong or your standards or morals to be lower/ to risk having a harmful effect on something

Desert

to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return/ desert someone

Didactic

intended to teach, especially in a way that is too determined or eager, and often fixed and unwilling to change/ didactic literature

Dilapidated

old and in poor condition/ dilapidated buildings

Disconcerting

making someone feel uncertain and uncomfortable or worried

Drab

characterized by dullness and monotony/ drab reality

Drabness

the quality of being bored, especially in appearance, or of having little color and excitement

Emblematic

representing a particular person, group, or idea

Enchanted

affected by magic or seeming to be affected by magic/ to be enchanted by something

Entranced

if you are entranced by someone or sth that is very interesting or beautiful, you cannot stop watching him, her, or it/to be entranced by something

Evocation

summoning a spirit or imaginative recreation

Exhibit

to show or display outwardly especially by visible signs or actions/ exhibit prejudice

Fad

a style, activity, or interest that is very popular for a short period of time./ a passing fad

Figurative

expressing one thing in terms normally denoting another with which it may be regarded as analogous/ figurative sense

Floppy

soft and not able to keep a firm shape or position/ floppy ears

Fusion

an occasion when two or more things join or are combined

Gripping

something that is gripping is so interesting or exciting that it holds your attention completely/ a gripping read

Hare

to go swiftly./ hare round

Haunting

staying in the mind? /emotionally haunting

Highly

very to a large degree, or at a high level /highly recommended

Hint

sth that you say or do that shows what you think or want, usually in a way that is not direct /to hint at

Indulge

to allow yourself or another person to have sth enjoyable, especially more than is good for you /to indulge in

I n d u l g e n c e

a n occasion w h e n y o u allow s o m e o n e o r y o u r s e l f t o h a v e something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you/ a secret indulgence Inward eye

Marvelous

extremely good/ marvelous achievement

Memoir

a book or other piece of writing based on the writer’s personal knowledge of famous people, places, or events

Mismatch

a faulty or unsuitable match/ marketing mismatch

Neglected

not receiving enough care or attention./ neglected animals

Nonsensical

silly or stupid/ nonsensical name

Nullify

to cause something to have no value or effect/ nullify his own existence

Overtly

in a way that is done or shown publicly or in an obvious way and not secret /overtly didactic

Patronise

to speak or behave towards someone as if they are stupid or not important

Plausible

seeming likely to be true, or able to be believed/ plausible details

Poky

being small and cramped/ terribly poky

Portrayal

the way that someone or something is described or represented in a painting, film, book, or other artistic work./ an accurate portrayal of a character

Premise

an idea or theory on which a statement or action is based/ premise of something

Prevalence

the fact that sth is very common or happens often /the prevalence of introspection

Quaint

attractive because of being unusual and especially old

Recreational

connected with ways of enjoying yourself when you are not working/ recreational vehicle

Redundant

no longer needed for a job and hence laid off/ made redundant

Scornful

full of scorn: contemptuous/ scornful of

Sparse

small in number or amount, often spread over a large area/ sparse text

Specifically

for a particular reason, purpose, etc.

Squat

short and wide, usually in a way that is not attractive/ squat machine

Tedious

boring and tiring, esp. because long or often repeated / tedious procedure

Thereby

as a result of this action

Thorny

full of difficulties or controversial points / thorny question

Thrill

a feeling of extreme excitement, usually caused by something pleasant / safe thrill

Transgression

the act or process of breaking a law or moral rule, or an example of this/ an accidental transgression

Treble

to increase three times in size or amount, or to make something do this/ treble in

Tribute

sth that you say, write, or give that shows your respect and admiration for someone,

especially on a formal occasion / a tribute to

especially on a formal occasion / a tribute to

Ultimately

used to emphasize the most important fact in a situation / ultimately terrifying experience

Undertone

a particular but not obvious characteristic that a piece of writing or speech, an event, or a situation has/ serious undertones

Unfazed

not surprised or worried/ totally unfazed

Ungainly

having an awkward appearance/ ungainly machine

Uniformity

the quality or state of being uniform / grey uniformity

Unreserved

without any doubts or feeling uncertain; total/ unreserved praise

Unsettling

causing change

Usurp

to take control of a position of power, especially without having the right to/ to usurp the beach buggy

Utilitarian

designed to be useful rather than decorative

Venture

to risk going somewhere or doing sth that might be dangerous or unpleasant, or to risk sth that might be criticized

Aforementioned

mentioned before/ aforementioned measures

Anthropologist

someone who scientifically studies humans and their customs, beliefs, and relationships/ feminist anthropologist

Apartheid

in the past in South Africa, a system under which people of different races were kept separate by law, and white people were given more political rights and educational and other advantages/ apartheid regime

Broadband

a system that makes it possible for many messages or large amounts of information to be sent at the same time and very quickly between computers or other electronic devices/ super fast broadband

Concerted

mutually contrived or agreed on/ concerted effort

Cultivate

to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop/ cultivate crops

Decommission

to remove (something, such as a ship or a nuclear power plant) from service/ dates for decommissioning

Derisive

showing derision / derisive sarcasm

Disguise

to obscure the existence or true state or character of / disguise their feelings

Dismiss

to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering/ dismiss sth as sth

Exogenous

found or coming from outside something, for example a system or a person's body or mind/ exogenous marriage

Extinction

a situation in which something no longer exists/ extinction of

Fertilizer

a substance (such as manure or a chemical mixture) used to make soil more fertile/ chemical fertilizer

Getaway

an occasion when someone leaves a place quickly, usually after committing a crime/ make one’s getaway

Glazed

(of your eyes) still and not showing any emotion because you are bored or tired or have stopped listening/ a glazed expression

Havoc

a very confused and possibly dangerous situation/ set to wreak havoc

Heptathlete

an athlete who competes in an event that includes seven different sports.

Hesitation

the act of pausing before doing something, especially because you are nervous or not certain / a moment’s hesitation

Hindsight

perception of the nature of an event after it has happened/ with hindsight

Impetus

a driving force/ initial impetus

Impose

to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received./ impose a ban on

Incest

sexual intercourse between persons so closely related that they are forbidden by law to marry

Indignation

anger about a situation that you think is wrong or not fair

Indiscriminately

not marked by careful distinction: deficient in discrimination and discernment / scoop up indiscriminately

Infringement

an action that breaks a rule, law, etc./ infringement of copyright

Intricately

in a way that has a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated or delicate way/ intricately engineered

Jurisdiction

the authority of a court or official organization to make decisions and judgments/ fall under the jurisdiction of

Krill

planktonic crustaceans and their larvae that constituate the principal food of baleen whales/ overfishing of krill

Livelihood

(the way someone earns) the money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc./ livelihood of

Loot

to rob especially on a large scale and usually by violence or corruption / loot sites

Paradoxical

of the nature of a paradox / in a paradoxical way

Permed

(of hair) made curly using a special chemical/ permed hair

Pesticide

a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms.

Plummet

to fall very quickly and suddenly/ to plummet to 4%

Proportion

the number or amount of a group or part of something when compared to the whole/ inverse proportion

Provision

the act of providing something/ accounting provision

Remnant

a small piece or amount of something that is left from a larger original piece or amount/ remnants of the Inca civilization

Residue

something that remains after a part is taken, separated, or designated or after the completion of a process/ residues of sth

Safeguard

to protect something from harm/ to safeguard sth

Scoff

to show contempt by derisive acts or language/ scoff at sth

Scoop up

to take or buy (something) in a quick and eager way/ scoop up everything

Slog

to travel or move with difficulty, for example through wet, sticky soil or snow, or when you are very tired/ slog through

Steep

extremely or excessively high/ steep price

Subordination

placement in a lower class, rank, or position/ subordination of

Succumb

to lose the determination to oppose something, or to give up and accept something that you first opposed./ succumb to sth

Suffice it to say

used to say that one could give more information about something but that the statement that follows is enough

Surmise

to guess something, without having much or any proof/ surmise that

Swashbuckling

behaving in a brave and exciting way, especially like a fighter in the past/ swashbuckling explorer

Tackle

to try to deal with something or someone.

Tantalising

causing excitement, interest, and desire/ tantalising ruins

Thriving

growing, developing, or being successful/ thriving business

Toil

to work hard and long/ toil in mines

Totter

to walk with difficulty in a way that looks as if you are about to fall/ totter to sth

Vast

very great in size, amount, degree, intensity, or especially in extent or range/ vast movement

Wry

showing that you find a bad or difficult situation slightly funny/ a wry smile

Yarn

thread used for making cloth or for knitting/ recycled yarn