prologue vocab

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the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
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empiricism
an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind.
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structualism
a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
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functionalism
the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
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experimental psychology
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. • Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
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behaviorism
historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.
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humanistic psychology
he interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).
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cognitive neuroscience
the science of behavior and mental processes.
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psychology
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. • Today’s science sees traits and behaviors a
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nature nurture issue
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. • Today’s science sees traits and behaviors a
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natural selection
the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
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levels of analysis
an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.
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biopsychosocial approach
a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes.
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biological psychology
a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes.
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biological paychology
study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection.
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evolutionary psychology
a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.
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psychodynamic psychology
the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning.
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behavioral psychology
the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
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cognitive psychology
the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.
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social-cultural psychology
the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.
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psychometrics
pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
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vasic research
the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
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developmental psychology
the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.
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educational paychology
the study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
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personality psychology
he scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
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social psychology
scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
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applied research
application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
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industrial- organizational psychology
the study of how people and machines interact resulting in the design of machines and environments.
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humam factors psycjology
a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, and marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
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counseling psychology
a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
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clinical psychology
a branch of medicine
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psychiatry

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