Rome

voussoir

a wedge-shaped or tapered stone used to construct an arch. (next to keystone)

pilaster

a column, projecting from a wall.

portico

a structure consisting of a roof supported by columns at regular intervals, typically attached as a porch to a building.

amphitheater

an open circular or oval building with a central space surrounded by tiers of seats for spectators, for the presentation of dramatic or sporting events. (amfiteatr)

oculus

a round opening in dome

coffer

a recessed panel in a ceiling. (kaseton)

keystone

a central stone at the summit of an arch, locking the whole together. (zwornik)

groin vault

a central stone at the summit of an arch, locking the whole together. (sklepienie krzyżowe)

aqueduct

An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away (akwedukt)

wedge-shaped

any shape that is triangular in cross section (voussoir is a wedge-shaped element)(klinowy)

landscape architecture

the art and practice of designing the outdoor environment, especially designing parks or gardens together with buildings and roads. (przykład Hardian"s Villa)

Trajan's column

monument that bears his name, column celebrated his victories in the Dacian wars

Insula

insula (insulae) means “island” - the high-rise apartment dwellings of the Roman world, presumably since they rose like islands from the built landscape of the city. The insulae of ancient Roman cities provided housing for the bulk of the urban populace.

atrium

an open-roofed entrance hall or central court in an ancient Roman house.

niche

a shallow recess, especially one in a wall to display a statue or other ornament.

pier

is an upright support for a structure or superstructure such as an arch or bridge. (taka większa kolumna)

folly

an unusual building that was built in the past as a decoration, not to be used or lived in (in garden or park)

frigidarium

is a large cold pool at the Roman baths

triumphal arch

is a free-standing monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road (Łuk triumfalny)

tile

a thin rectangular slab (broken tiles were also used to make concrete)

trading hall

old shopping mall, marketplace (Trajan's market)(hala handlowa)

taberna

was a type of shop or stall in Ancient Rome.

nave

the long central part of a church (nawa)

basilica

the main covered public meeting place, had may functions: trading room, law court

relief

art of sculptured bas-reliefs was a Roman statuary genre of most significance. While this medium allowed the artist to represent complex scenes, the remaining sculpture can tell us about the Roman lifestyle, important events and military equipment.

malleable

able to be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking.

blind arch

is an arch found in the wall of a building that has been infilled with solid construction and so cannot serve as a passageway, door or window.

thermae

In ancient Rome, thermae and balneae were facilities for bathing. Thermae usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes

Hardian's villa

complex of buildings near Tivoli, was built as a country retreat for the emperor Hardian and was here he spent his final years

volcanic ash

was used to make concrete

pediment

the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns.

drum

any of the cylindrical stone blocks composing a column that is not a monolith

sewage system

sanitation (kanalizacja)

courthouse

is a building that is home to a local court of law (Sąd)

domus

. The domus is essentially a dwelling for a single, extended family unit, while the apartment block contains multiple units. The top to-bottom arrangement of the Roman apartment block was the inverse of what is true in the twenty first century:

aisle

a part of a church divided laterally from the nave by a row of pillars or columns

arcade

used arcades to construct large wall structures; the most famous example being the Colosseum in Rome which has 80 arcaded openings on its first three storeys

grid

a network of lines that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles.

forum

a place, meeting, or medium where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged.

barrel vault

also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve