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jab1 /dʒæb/ v 1 [i, t] jab (at sb/sth) (with sth); jab sb/sth (with sth) to push at sb/sth with a sudden, rough movement, usually with sth sharp He kept jabbing at his potato with his fork... She jabbed me in the ribs with her elbow. [t] ▶ kłuć dźgać

jab2 /dʒæb; US / noun [countable] 1 a sudden rough push with sth sharp He gave me a jab (dźgnął mnie) in the ribs with the stick. ▶ ukłucie dźgnięcie szturchnięcie

jack1 /dʒæk; US / noun [c] 1 a piece of equipment for lifting a car, etc. off the ground, for example in order to change its wheel ▶ podnośnik lewarek 2 the card between the ten and the queen in a pack of cards the jack of hearts ▶ walet

jacket /ˈdʒækɪt; US / noun [countable] 1 a short coat with sleeves Do you have to wear a jacket and tie to work? a denim/leather jacket ▶ marynarka kurtka

ˌjacket poˈtato (also ˌbaked poˈtato) noun [countable] a potato that is cooked in the oven in its skin ▶ ziemniak w mundurku

the jackpot /ˈdʒækpɒt; US / noun [countable] the largest money prize that you can win in a game ▶ pula największa wygrana w grze

jade /dʒeɪd; US / noun [uncountable] 1 a hard stone that is usually green and is used in making jewellery ▶ jadeit nefryt 2 a bright green colour ▶ kolor jasnozielony □ jade adj. ▶ jasnozielony

jagged /ˈdʒæɡɪd; US / adj. rough with sharp points Be careful not to cut yourself, that metal has a jagged edge. jagged rocks ▶ postrzępiony ząbkowany wyszczerbiony

jaguar /ˈdʒæɡjuə(r); US / noun [countable] a large wild cat with black spots that comes from Central and South America ▶ jaguar

jail1 /dʒeɪl; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (a) prison She was sent to jail for ten years. ▶ więzienie W Br. ang. stosuje się też pisownię gaol i gaoler.

Zwróć uwagę, że dżem z pomarańczy lub cytryn nazywa się marmalade.

jam1 /dʒæm; US / noun 1 (especially US jelly) [uncountable] a sweet substance that you spread on bread, made by boiling fruit and sugar together a jar of raspberry jam a jam jar słoik do dżemu ▶ dżem konfitur-a/y

/dʒæm/ (jamming; jammed) 1[t] jam sb/sth in,between, etc. sth to push or force sb/sth into a place where there is not much room The little boy had jammed a pencil up his nose. She managed to jam everything into her suitcase. ▶ wciskać stłaczać

3[transitive, usually passive] jam sth (up) (with sb/sth) to fill sth with too many people or things All the roads were jammed with cars and people. The cupboard was jammed full (była wypełniona) of old newspapers and magazines. ▶ blokować zapychać

ˌjam-ˈpacked adj. [not usually before a noun] jam-packed (with sb/sth) (informal) very full or crowded The train was jam-packed with commuters. The suitcase was jam-packed with designer clothes. ▶ wypełniony po brzegi zapchany

jangle /ˈdʒæŋɡl; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] to make a noise like metal hitting against metal; to move sth so that it makes this noise The baby smiles if you jangle your keys. ▶ pobrzękiwać podzwaniać

jar1 /dʒɑ:(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a container with a lid, usually made of glass and used for keeping food, etc. in a jam jar słoik do dżemu a large storage jar for flour I can’t unscrew the lid of this jar. ▶ słój słoik

jar2 /dʒɑ:(r); US / verb (jarring; jarred) 1[transitive] to hurt or damage sth as a result of a sharp knock He fell and jarred his back (obił sobie plecy). ▶ wstrząsać (s)tłuc

jargon /ˈdʒɑ:ɡən; US / noun [uncountable] special or technical words that are used by a particular group of people in a particular profession and that other people do not understand medical/scientific/legal/computer jargon ▶ żargon

jasmine /ˈdʒæzmɪn; US / noun [uncountable, countable] a plant with white or yellow sweet-smelling flowers ▶ jaśmin

jaundice /ˈdʒɔ: ndɪs; US / noun [uncountable] a disease that makes your skin and eyes yellow ▶ żółtaczka

jaundiced /ˈdʒɔ: ndɪst; US / adj. He had a jaundiced view of life. Ma pesymistyczne spojrzenie na życie. She looked on politicians with a jaundiced eye. Patrzyła na polityków złym okiem. ▶ cyniczny pełen żółci

javelin /ˈdʒævlɪn; US / noun 1 [countable] a long stick with a pointed end that is thrown in sports competitions ▶ oszczep 2(the javelin) [sing.] the event or sport of throwing the javelin as far as possible ▶ rzut oszczepem

jaw /dʒɔ:/ noun 1 [countable] either of the two bones in your face that contain your teeth the lower/upper jaw ▶ szczęka 2 (jaws) [pl.] the mouth (especially of a wild animal) The lion came towards him with its jaws open. ▶ paszcza szczęki

jawbone /ˈdʒɔ: bəʊn; US / noun [countable] the bone that forms the lowerjaw ▶ kość szczękowa

jazz1 /dʒæz; US / noun [uncountable] a style of music with a strong rhythm, originally of African American origin modern/traditional jazz a jazz band ▶ jazz jazzowy

jealous /ˈdʒeləs; US / adj. 1 feeling upset or angry because you think that sb you like or love is showing interest in sb else a jealous husband/wife Tim gets jealous whenever Sue speaks to another boy! ▶ zazdrosny

□ jealously /; US / adv. ▶ zazdrośnie zawistnie —jealousy /; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (pl. jealousies) ▶ zazdrość zawiść

jeans /dʒi: nz; US / noun [pl.] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW trousers made of denim These jeans are a bit too tight. a pair of jeans ▶ dżinsy

jelly /ˈdʒeli / (pl. jellies) 1[c, u] a soft, solid brightly coloured food that shakes when it is moved. Jelly is made from sugar and fruit juice and is eaten cold at the end of a meal, especially by children raspberry jelly and ice cream ▶ galaretka

jellyfish /ˈdʒelifɪʃ; US / noun [countable] (pl. jellyfish) a sea animal with a soft transparent body and long thin parts that can sting you. ▶ meduza

jeopardize (also jeopardise) /ˈdʒepədaɪz; US / verb [transitive] to do sth that may damage sth or put it at risk He would never do anything to jeopardize his career. ▶ narażać wystawiać na niebezpieczeństwo

jeopardy /ˈdʒepədi; US / noun  IDIOMS  in jeopardy in a dangerous position and likely to be lost or harmed The future of the factory and 15 000 jobs are in jeopardy. ▶ w niebezpieczeństwie

/dʒɜ:k / v [i, t] to move sb/sth with a sudden sharp movement She jerked the door open. Z gwałtownym szarpnięcie His head jerked back (jego głowa gwałtownie odchyliła się do tyłu) as the car set off. ▶ szarpać (nagłym/gwałtownym ruchem) trząść się

jerk2 /dʒɜ: k; US / noun [countable] 1 a sudden sharp movement The car started with a jerk and we were off. ▶ szarpnięcie drgnięcie 2(especially US, slang) a stupid or annoying person ▶ palant dupek

jersey /ˈdʒɜ: zi; US / noun 1 [c] a piece of clothing made of wool that you wear over a shirt ▶ sweter wełniany 2 [uncountable] a soft thin cloth made of cotton or wool that is used for making clothes ▶ materiał wełniany typu jersey

jet1 /dʒet; US / noun [countable] 1 a fast modern plane ▶ odrzutowiec 2 a fast, thin current of water, gas, etc. coming out of a small hole ▶ strumień wytrysk

ˈjet engine noun [countable] a powerful engine that makes planes fly by pushing out a current of hot air and gases at the back ▶ silnik odrzutowy

jetty /ˈdʒeti; US / noun [countable] (pl. jetties) (also ˈlanding stage; US dock) a stone wall or wooden platform built out into the sea or a river where boats are tied and where people can get on and off them ▶ molo nabrzeże falochron

Jew /dʒu:; US / noun [c] a person whose family originally came from the ancient Hebrew people of Israel and/or whose religion is Judaism ▶ Żyd/ówka □ Jewish /; US / adj. He’s Jewish. a Jewish synagogue He’s Jewish. On jest Żydem. ▶ żydowski

jewel /ˈdʒu:əl / noun 1 [c] a valuable stone (for example a diamond) ▶ kamień szlachetny 2[pl.] a piece of jewellery or an object that contains precious stones The family jewels are all kept in a safety deposit box. the crown jewels ▶ klejnot

jeweller (US jeweler) /ˈdʒu:ələ(r); US / noun 1 [countable] a person whose job is to buy, sell, make or repair jewellery and watches ▶ jubiler złotnik

jewellery (US jewelry) /ˈdʒu:əlri; US / noun [uncountable] objects such as rings, etc. that are worn as personal decoration a piece of jewellery ▶ biżuteria kosztowności klejnoty

jigsaw /ˈdʒɪɡsɔ:; US / (also ˈjigsaw puzzle) noun [countable] a picture on cardboard or wood that is cut into small pieces and has to be fitted together again ▶ układanka puzzle

jingle1 /ˈdʒɪŋɡl; US / noun 1 [sing.] a ringing sound like small bells, made by metal objects gently hitting each other the jingle of coins ▶ dzwonienie brzęczenie pobrzękiwanie

jingle2 /ˈdʒɪŋɡl; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] to make or cause sth to make a pleasant gentle sound like small bells ringing She jingled the coins in her pocket. ▶ podzwaniać pobrzękiwać brzęczeć

jinx /dʒɪŋks; US / noun [countable, usually sing.] (informal) bad luck; a person or thing that people believe brings bad luck to sb/sth ▶ pech rzecz/osoba przynosząca pecha □ jinx verb [transitive] ▶ przynosić pecha

Odpowiedniki job w języku formalnym post i position: I would like to apply for the post/position of Marketing Manager.

/dʒɒb/ [c] 1 the work that you do regularly She took/got a job as a waitress (podjęła/dostała pracę kelnerki). A lot of people will lose their jobs if the factory closes. to look for/apply for (starać się o)/find a job a well-paid/highly paid job

jobcentre /ˈdʒɒbsentə(r); US / noun [countable] (Brit.) a government office where people can get advice in finding work and where jobs are advertised ▶ urząd pracy biuro pośrednictwa pracy

ˈjob description noun [countable] a written description of the exact work and responsibilities of a job ▶ zakres obowiązków

/ˈdʒɒbləs / adj. 1 (usually used about large numbers of people) without paid work ▶ bezrobotn-y/i  SYNONYM  unemployed 2(the jobless) noun [pl.] people without paid work ▶ bezrobotni □ joblessness / ; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ bezrobocie

jockey /ˈdʒɒki; US / noun [countable] a person who rides horses in races, especially as a profession ▶ dżokej

jog1 /dʒɒɡ; US / verb (jogging; jogged) 1 [intransitive] to run slowly, especially as a form of exercise ▶ uprawiać jogging biegać dla zdrowia

jog2 /dʒɒɡ; US / noun [sing.] 1 a slow run as a form of exercise She goes for a jog before breakfast. ▶ bieg dla zdrowia Kiedy biega się dla przyjemności lub w ramach ćwiczeń, często mówi się go jogging zamiast jog: I go jogging most evenings.

/dʒɔɪn/ verb 1[transitive] join A to B; join A and B (together) The Channel Tunnel joins Britain to Europe. The two pieces of wood had been carefully joined together. We’ve knocked down the wall and joined the two rooms into one. ▶ łączyć wiązać

3[transitive] to become a member of a club or organization to join a club I’ve joined an aerobics class. He joined the company (zaczął pracować w tej firmie) three months ago. ▶ zapisać się do czegoś/na coś

join2 /dʒɔɪn; US / noun [countable] a place where two things are fixed or connected He glued the handle back on so cleverly that you couldn’t see the join. ▶ złącze miejsce złączenia

/dʒɔɪnt / adj [only before a noun] shared or owned by two or more people Have you and your husband got a joint account? a joint decision The joint winners of the competition will each receive £ 500. ▶ wspólny □ jointly / ; US / adv. ▶ wspólnie

joint2 /dʒɔɪnt; US / [c] 1 a part of the body where two bones fit together and are able to bend the knee joint ▶ staw 2 the place where two or more things are fastened or connected together, especially to form a corner ▶ złącze przegub styk

ˌjoint ˈventure noun [countable] a business project or activity that is begun by two or more companies, etc., which remain separate organizations ▶ spółka typu joint venture wspólne przedsięwzięcie

joist /dʒɔɪst; US / noun [countable] a long thick piece of wood, metal etc. that is used to support a floor or ceiling in a building ▶ belka stropowa legar podłogowy

joke1 /dʒəʊk; US / noun 1[c] something said or done to make you laugh, especially a funny story Have you heard the joke about the three men in a taxi? to tell/crack jokes opowiadać dowcipy/sypać dowcipami a dirty joke świński dowcip

joke2 /dʒəʊk; US / verb [intransitive] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1joke (with sb) (about sth) to say sth to make people laugh; to tell a funny story She spent the evening laughing and joking with her old friends. ▶ dowcipkować opowiadać kawał

joker /ˈdʒəʊkə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a person who likes to tell jokes or play tricks ▶ żartowniś dowcipniś 2 an extra card which can be used instead of any other one in some card games ▶ dżoker

jolt1 /dʒəʊlt; US / verb 1 [transitive] to make sb/sth move in a sudden rough way The crash jolted all the passengers forward (rzucił pasażerów do przodu). ▶ wstrząsać szarpać podrzucać

jolt2 /dʒəʊlt; US / noun [usually sing.] 1 a sudden movement The train stopped with a jolt. ▶ szarpnięcie wstrząs 2 a sudden surprise or shock His sudden anger gave her quite a jolt (była dla niej zupełnym szokiem). ▶ wstrząs szok

jostle /ˈdʒɒsl; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] to push hard against sb in a crowd ▶ przepychać się rozpychać się

journal /ˈdʒɜ: nl; US / noun [countable] 1 a newspaper or a magazine, especially one in which all the articles are about a particular subject or profession a medical/scientific journal ▶ czasopismo (zwł. monotematyczne) magazyn

journalism /ˈdʒɜ: nəlɪzəm; US / noun [uncountable] the profession of collecting and writing about news in newspapers and magazines or talking about it on the TV or radio ▶ dziennikarstwo

journalist /ˈdʒɜ: nəlɪst; US / noun [countable] a person whose job is to collect and write about news in newspapers and magazines or to talk about it on the TV or radio a job as a journalist on the local paper ▶ dziennika-rz/rka

Journey może oznaczać zarówno podróż samolotem, jak i statkiem, jednak mówiąc konkretnie o podróży samolotem używa się słowa flight, a o podróży morskiej voyage. Rejs statkiem dla przyjemności to cruise.

journey /ˈdʒɜ: ni; US / noun [countable] the act of travelling from one place to another, usually on land Did you have a good journey? Jak minęła podróż? a two-hour journey

joy /dʒɔɪ; US / noun 1 [uncountable] a feeling of great happiness We’d like to wish you joy and success in your life together. to shout/cry with joy (z radości) to dance/jump/shout for joy (z radości) ▶ radość uciecha

joyful /ˈdʒɔɪfl; US / adj. very happy a joyful occasion ▶ radosny uradowany

joyless /ˈdʒɔɪləs; US / adj. unhappy The couple had a joyless marriage. ▶ nieszczęśliwy

jubilant /ˈdʒu: bɪlənt; US / adj. (formal) extremely happy, especially because of a success The football fans were jubilant at their team’s victory in the cup. ▶ pełen triumfu nie posiadający się z radości

jubilee /ˈdʒu: bɪli:; US / noun [countable] a special anniversary of an event that took place a certain number of years ago, and the celebrations that go with it It’s the company’s golden jubilee this year. ▶ jubileusz

Judaism /ˈdʒu: deɪɪzəm; US -dəɪzəm / noun [uncountable] the religion of the Jewish people ▶ judaizm

judge1 /dʒʌdʒ; US / noun [countable] 1 a person in a court of law whose job is to decide how criminals should be punished and to make legal decisions a High Court judge The judge sentenced the man to seventeen years in prison. ▶ sę-dzia/dzina

judge2 /dʒʌdʒ; US / verb 1[i, t] to form or give an opinion about sb/sth based on the information you have Judging by/from what he said, his work is going well. Don’t judge people by their appearance!

2[t] to decide the result or winner of a competition The head teacher will judge the competition. ▶ sędziować

judgement /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ noun ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[uncountable] the ability to form opinions or to make sensible decisions He always shows excellent judgement in his choice of staff. to have good/poor/sound judgement ▶ rozsądek rozum

3(judgment) [countable, uncountable] an official decision made by a judge or a court of law The man collapsed when the judgment was read out in court. ▶ wyrok orzeczenie

judicial /dʒuˈdɪʃl; US / adj. connected with a court of law, a judge or a legal judgement the judicial system ▶ sądowy sędziowski

judiciary /dʒuˈdɪʃəri; US -ʃieri / noun (the judiciary) [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] (pl. judiciaries) the judges of a country or a state, when they are considered as a group an independent judiciary ▶ sędziowie

judicious /dʒuˈdɪʃəs; US / adj. (used about a decision or an action) sensible and carefully considered; showing good judgement ▶ rozsądny rozumny □ judiciously /; US / adv. ▶ rozsądnie rozumnie

judo /ˈdʒu: dəʊ; US / noun [uncountable] a sport from Asia in which two people fight and try to throw each other to the ground ▶ dżudo judo

jug /dʒʌɡ; US / (US pitcher) noun [countable] a container with a handle used for holding or pouring liquids a milk jug dzbanek do mleka a jug of water dzbanek wody ▶ dzbanek

juggle /ˈdʒʌɡl; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] 1juggle (with sth) to keep three or more objects such as balls in the air at the same time by throwing them one at a time and catching them quickly ▶ żonglować

juggler /ˈdʒʌɡlə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who juggles to entertain people ▶ żongler/ka

juice /dʒu: s; US / noun [countable, uncountable] 1 the liquid that comes from fruit and vegetables carrot/grapefruit/lemon juice I’ll have an orange juice, please. ▶ sok (owocowy/warzywny)

juicy /ˈdʒu: si; US / adj. (juicier; juiciest) 1 containing a lot of juice juicy oranges ▶ soczysty

jukebox /ˈdʒu: kbɒks; US / noun [countable] a machine in a bar, etc. that plays music when money is put in ▶ szafa grająca

jumble1 /ˈdʒʌmbl; US / verb [transitive, usually passive] jumble sth (up/together) to mix things together in a confused and untidy way I must sort my clothes out – they’re all jumbled up in the drawer. ▶ mieszać gmatwać

jump1 /dʒʌmp; US / verb 1[i to move quickly into the air by pushing yourself up with your legs and feet, or by stepping off a high place to jump into the air/off a bridge/onto a chair How high can you jump? Jump up and down to keep warm. ▶ skakać

4[intransitive] to make a sudden movement because of surprise or fear ‘ Oh, it’s only you – you made me jump,’ he said. ▶ podskoczyć (np. z przestrachu)

6[intransitive] jump (from sth) to sth to go suddenly from one point in a series, a story, etc. to another The book kept jumping from the present to the past. ▶ skakać z (tematu) na (temat)

jump2 /dʒʌmp; US / noun [countable] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 an act of jumping With a huge jump the horse cleared the hedge. to do a parachute jump ▶ skok podskok przeskok

jumper /ˈdʒʌmpə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 (Brit.) a piece of clothing with sleeves, usually made of wool, that you wear on the top part of your body ▶ sweter (wkładany przez głowę) ⇨ note at sweater 2 a person or an animal that jumps ▶ skoczek

junction /ˈdʒʌŋkʃn; US / noun [countable] a place where roads, railway lines, etc. meet According to the map, we leave the motorway at the next junction. ▶ skrzyżowanie węzeł kolejowy

jungle /ˈdʒʌŋɡl; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a thick forest in a hot tropical country the jungles of Africa and South America ▶ dżungla