DNA/Protein Synthesis

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A DNA sequence ATT CCG was mutated during replication and turned into ATT CCG A. Which mutation most likely occurred
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insertion
What are nucleotides made of?
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sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
Shape of DNA
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double helix
Why is it important that DNA is held together by weak hydrogen bonds?
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it helps the DNA strands unzip easily to be replicated
If a DNA sample contains 30% A, then what % of G is there?
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20%
A DNA sequence, ACG, mutated into AC. Which mutation happened
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deletion
1 codon
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1 amino acid
The backbone of the DNA molecule is made of
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phosphate
What is the tRNA's job in protein synthesis?
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To bring the Amino acid
Genes contain the information to produce
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proteins
Which is the correct order of protein synthesis
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transcription--> translation
Which RNA makes ribosomes
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rRNA
This RNA copies the instructions on how to make proteins from the nucleus
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mRNA
the mRNA-->tRNA step is which step in protein synthesis
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translation
The DNA being coded into mRNA is
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transcription
An RNA sequence contains six nucleotides. How many amino acids does it carry?
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two
This type of mutation changes all of the amino acids in the sequence after it occurs
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frame shift
DNA stands for
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Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
4 nitrogenous bases
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A, C, T, G
Chromosomes
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where DNA is found within the nucleus
central idea of molecular biology
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DNA-->RNA-->Proteins
proteins determine
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the structure and function of your cells
RNA
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take the information for making proteins for the DNA to the ribosomes
mRNA
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messenger (copies info) (DNA-->cytoplasm)
rRNA
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ribosomal (creates ribosomes)
tRNA
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transfer (brings amino acids to ribosomes to make proteins)O
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phospate, nitrogenous base, sugar
backbone is made of
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phosphate
transcription
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DNA-->RNA step
3 steps to transcription
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initiation, elongation, termination
initiation
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DNA unwinds to be copied into mRNA
elongation
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when RNA nucleotides are added
termination
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mRNA strand complete
amino acids
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make up proteins
3 nucleotides is
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1 codon/amino acid
start codon
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AUG
stop codon
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UAG, UGA, AND UAA
translation
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RNA-->protein step
tRNA carries an
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anti-codon that matches the codon on the RNA strand
tRNA temporarily binds to mRNA while
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amino acids bind to mRNA
mutation
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an alteration of the intended DNA seqence
addition/insertion
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end up with more nucleotides than you start with
deletion
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end up with less nucleotides than you start with
substitution
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end up with the same number of nucleotides
most mutations are
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neutral/harmless
silent mutations
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harmless
frame shift mutations
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very bad, addition/insertion or deletion that causes amino acid sequence to be altered
point mutation
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only one point in the sequence in changes

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