Phonetics

Phonation

the production and utterance of speech sounds, happens in the larynx

Articulation

the formation of clear and distinct sounds in the speech, happens in the mouth

Nasalization

the act of producing a speech sounds, especially a vowel, with the air in the nose vibrating

Glottal stop

a consonant formed by the audible relase of the airstream after the complete clousure of the glottis

Glottal fricative

a type of sound used in some spoken languages which patterns like fricative approximant consonant phonologically, but often lacks the usual phonetic characteristics of a consonant

vocal folds

the larynx houses VOCAL FOLDS - they give us ability to produce sound - (phonation). The air makes the vocald folds vibrate. They create sound when they come into contact and then vibrate (or not) as the lungs’ air flow passes through them

vocal chords 2

when the vocal chords vibrate, the sound is voiced, when they are motionless the sound is voiceless

tongue

allows us to speak, swallow and suck. A sensory organ responsible for tasting. A co-articulator in production of consonants. The major role in production of vowels. The tense/lax distinction in vowels

larynx

the major body function is protection of the lower parts of the respiratory tract against any foregin bodies that might fall there. Responsible for voiced/voiceless distinction in souns, whisper, pitch, loudness, articulation of the gl stop and g. fric

hard palate

the bony anterior of the palate forming the roof of the mouth

mechanism of speech

lungs - larynx(+vocal chords) - pharynx - velum (soft palate) - hard palate) - tongue - alveolar ridge - teeth - lips

the psychological function of the larynx

procection of the lower parts of respiratory tract from any foregin bodies might have fallen there

the vocal cords determine

if the sounds is voiceless of voiced

sounds can have two resonance types:

pulmonic or non-pulmonic

when the velum is raised

it closes the VELOPHARYNGEAL part, and opening to the nasal cavity

tongue positions determine

that the space defined by hard palate and tongue change in volume and shape

the end of the velum is called

the uvula

the voicing of sounds depends

on vocal fold and resonance

3 shapes lips can form

rounded, spread, neutral

the tongue can be divided into 3 parts

back, centre and front (blade+tip/apex)

the function of the pharynx is to

resonate