angielski lekturka

redeemable coupon - a certificate offering consumers a price reduction on a particular product

the average length of time between a consumer's repeat purchases of the same product.

a popular product sold with no profit, in order to attract customers to a store.

a small amount of a new product given to consumers to encourage them to try it

strongly influenced by the price when buying goods or services.

the first time a consumer buys a product to see what it's like

someone who purchases goods or services that will be used in the production or supply of other goods or services.

the commitment of consumers to a particular brand

the public's beliefs and perceptions about a particular product.

a consumer who shows no loyalty to a particular brand, but changes among competing products.

Line-stretching means lengthening a company's product line, either moving up-market or down-market in order to reach new customers, to enter growing or more profitable market segments, to react to competitors' initiatives, and so on.

line-filling means adding further items in that part of a product range which a line already covers, in order to compete in competitors' niches, to utilize excess production capacity, and so on.

Product elimination is the process of withdrawing products from the market when they are no longer profitable

shopping goods are high involvement products for which consumers generally search for information, evaluate different models, and compare prices, and take time to make a selection.

Speciality goods are durable goods with unique characteristics that informed consumers have to go to a particular store to buy.

Convenience goods are cheap and simple low involvement products which people use regularly and buy frequently with little effort, without comparing alternatives.

A product mix is the set of all the product lines and items offered by a company.

A product line is a group of closely related products, which usually have the same function and are sold to the same customer groups through the same outlets.

years of economic prosperity

short-sightedness