ESC test political system

form of government

representive democracy

przestrzegać

abide

what features guard against concentrating the government power in hands of a few

1) the federal organization of government 2) the separation of powers among different branches of government 3) system of checks and balances to restrict the powers of each branch

each states establishes

-criminal justice system -public schools -marriage/divorce law

power which the federal and state government share (examples)

concurrent powers (tax, set up courts, charter banka)

three branches of power in US

legislative, executive, judicial

legsilative branch function and what is it made up

1. making law 2. it is made up of representatives elected to Congress

Congress

it is comprised of 2 groups called houses: the House of Representatives (the House), the Senate

What determines the number of representatives in the House?

the number of districts in each state

how a bill becomes a law?

each house of Congress can initiate legislation: introducing of a 'bill' -> appropriate committee (specialisation in particular area e. g foreign affairs, defens, banking, agriculture -> the Senate or the House where it was first introduced --> the debate, voting -> if it passes it goes to the other house (it goes through the same process)-> the S. may reject a bill-> conference committee (members of both houses tries to work out a compromise) -> (if both sides agree)->bill goes to the President

executive branch (who is and the function)

1. administering the laws passed by congress 2. the President elected to a four-year term (can be re-elected once);

the vice-president duties

-constitutional duties -presiding over the Senate (can vote only in a the event of tie) -assuming the presidency if the president dies or becomes disabled

powers of the President (4)

-appointing secretaries of the major departments that make up the president's cabinet -representing country abroad -appoining foreign ambassadors -making treaties with other nations

Judical branch (function; authority)

1. determing if laws of Congress/actions of the President violate the Constitution 2. Supreme Court (state and federal courts)

The Congress (House-Senate) --> The Supreme Court of US

-changing laws -initating a constitutional amendment -creating whole new court system

poprawka

amendment

The Supreme Court of US --> The Congress (House-Senate)

the Court can declare laws unconstitutional

The Supreme Court of US--> The President

-can declare presidental acts unconstitutional -can impeach the President

oskrżenie

impeachment

The President --> The Supreme Court of US

-appointing judges

The President --> The Congress

-can veto congressional legislation -may propose legislation to COngress

The Congress --> the President

-approving presidental appointments -can pass laws over president's veto -can impeach and remove the P. from office

the ways of political participation if citizens

-writing letters to authorities -circulating petitions

presidency Ronald Reagen (R) George Bush (R) Bill Clinton (D) George W. Bush (R) Barack Obama (D)

1981-89 1989-93 1993-2000 2000-2008 2008-2016

13 major departments in executive branch

the Department of State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Service, Housing and Urban Development, Transportion, Energy, Education