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the fact that the different parts of something exist in or have been arranged into separate groups: The prime minister wants to reduce social stratification and make the country a classless society. Even in family stratification the role of women is hidden.
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to arrange the different parts of something in separate layers or groups: The sample of people questioned was drawn from the university's student register and stratified by age and gender. a stratified society
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related to trade or business They were part and parcel of the mercantile world system.
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one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based: precept It is a tenet of contemporary psychology that an individual's mental health is supported by having good social networks. This policy goes against common precepts of decency.
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kolczasty, kłujący, drapiący(sweter), drażliwy Lernen beginnen
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covered with prickles. complicated and difficult to deal with Chestnuts had burst out of their prickly green husks. I find this sweater slightly prickly. a prickly issue/situation
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kończyna, koniec, skraj, środek, środek ostateczna, skrajność Lernen beginnen
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the furthest point, especially from the centre: the parts of the human body furthest from the heart, for example, the fingers, toes, and nose In the upper extremities, wrist and finger extensors and deltoids were the most affected muscles.
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służalczy(czołobitny), podporządkowany Lernen beginnen
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willing to do what other people want, or considering your wishes as less important than those of other people: servile, slavish Women were expected to adopt a subservient role/position. His other interests were subservient to his compelling passion for art.
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mała i oddzielona grupa ludzi, jakichś efektów Lernen beginnen
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a group, area, or mass of something that is separate and different from what surrounds it: Among the staff there are some pockets of resistance to the planned changes (= some small groups of them are opposed). The pilot said that we were going to encounter a pocket of turbulence (= an area of violently moving air).
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wymiana bezgotowka, handel wymienny, wymieniać towary Lernen beginnen
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to exchange goods for other things rather than for money He bartered his stamp collection for her comics. We spent a whole hour bartering with stallholders for souvenirs.
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promować, posuwać do przodu Lernen beginnen
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Further to your letter of 11 March, I should like to inform you of a number of recent developments. They have done a lot to further the cause of world peace.
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He bought a patch of ground outside of town. London is my patch, I will show you around.
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ending or stopping Religious leaders have called for a total cessation of the bombing campaign.
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prościutko w (coś), w sam środek Lernen beginnen
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The other two ran slap bang into him from behind.
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food that is given to cows, horses, and other farm animals. people or things that are useful for the stated purpose: Politicians are always good fodder for comedians (= they make jokes about them). This fodder will be good for our animals. This gossip is fodder for newspapers.
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Something that is counter-intuitive does not happen in the way you would expect it to: Steering a sailboat is counter-intuitive - you push the tiller the opposite way to the way you want to go.
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happening every day as a regular part of your job or life: day-to-day problems/responsibilities
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tragiczny, katastroficzny Lernen beginnen
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causing great damage or suffering The bank went bust, with calamitous consequences for global markets. a calamitous war. calamity
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prowizoryczny, tymczasowy partia irlandia Lernen beginnen
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for the present time but likely to change. tentative, temporary a provisional government These dates are only provisional. I have tentative plans to take a trip to Seattle in July.
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to start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way: The library is cracking down on people who lose their books. The law limits engine idling to four minutes, but there aren’t enough police officers to crack down on the problem.
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the process of increasing the number and strength of a country's weapons: As the country prepares for war, more and more money is being spent on armament. the country's armaments programme
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przedni (o części ciała, pojazdu), przód Lernen beginnen
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to public attention or into a noticeable position: the forelegs of a horse. the foreground of the picture. The presidential campaign has brought the issue of big political contributions to the fore. Various ecological issues have come to the fore since the discovery of the hole in the earth's ozone layer.
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only a dash of seasoning.
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chwytać się brzytwy, słomki, wykorzystać szansę Lernen beginnen
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to try to take an opportunity. be in such a desperate situation as to resort to even the most unlikely means of salvation. Certainly if the job were offered me I'd grasp at the chance. She grasped at his shirt as he ran past. a drowning man and economy in the state of slump will grasp at straw.
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prawdziwość, prawdomówność Lernen beginnen
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I don't doubt the veracity of her words but she may be embellishing some facts.
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a way of speaking or writing that makes someone or something sound bigger, better, more, etc. than they are The blurb on the back of the book was full of the usual hyperbole - "enthralling", "fascinating", and so on.
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in a way that is clear and exact I told you quite explicitly to be home by midnight. It should be explicitly stated exactly what the grant covers.
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sprzeniewierzenie, sprzeniewierać Lernen beginnen
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misappropriation, misappropriate the act of stealing something that you have been trusted to take care of and using it for yourself: He was charged with embezzlement and misappropriation of union funds. These agreements may be ineffective in preventing misappropriation of technology. He is accused of misappropriating $30,000 to pay off gambling debts.
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sam w sobie, z natury rzeczy, we wrodzony sposób (dobry, zły), nieodłącznie Lernen beginnen
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being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing: Medical development is perceived as intrinsically good. works of little intrinsic value/interest Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.
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opatrunek do zszycie naczyń krwionośnych, połączenie dźwięków Lernen beginnen
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a thread or wire used for tying something, especially a blood vessel: Ligatures are used in surgery to stop the flow of a bleeding artery.
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kontynuować (coś; prędko, z miejsca); wznowić (coś; po przerwie) Lernen beginnen
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You've just got to crack on, whatever the problems are. We can crack on with the painting after breakfast.
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nie być skrępowanym, na wolności (idiom) Lernen beginnen
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be on the loose Wait for the right moment and you'll be at large again.
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rozegrać coś, zareagować na coś, rozwinąć się Lernen beginnen
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to pretend that an imaginary situation or event is really happening: If a situation plays itself out, it develops until nothing more can happen, and it is no longer very important: In the psychotherapy group, patients were free to play out their fantasies. We were forced to stand back and let the crisis play itself out. The debate will play out in the media over the next week or two.
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atrociously, awfully, damnably, deplorably, detestably, disastrously, dreadfully, execrably, horrendously, horribly, horrifically, rottenly, terribly abysmal working conditions The food was abysmal. The standard of the students' work is abysmal. titanic heights and abysmal depthsIt was an abysmally poor interview. The critics were abysmally wrong on almost every point.
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skrzynia, klatka dla zwierzęcia Lernen beginnen
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a box made of wood, plastic, or metal, especially one divided into parts to hold bottles: a cage with a bed that a dog, especially a puppy, sleeps in and stays in when its owners are away from home a milk crate a crate of empty bottles a packing crate
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a British police officer of the lowest rank
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an attempt to persuade someone to do something: plea She refused to become involved with him despite his passionate entreaties
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wysiłek, natężenie (np. fizyczne, umysłowe) Lernen beginnen
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I was too tired to exert myself. exertional. Physical exertion isn’t always a good thing in a hot climate.
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a person having the ability to predict the future George Lucas was a visionary when it comes to special effects. Her visionary ideas weren't realised until 30 years later.
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By extension, you lose the ability to control your own economic development.
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poruszanie, rozważanie dyskusja; wątpliwy (adj), rozważać Lernen beginnen
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to suggest something for discussion. often discussed or argued about but having no definite answer: The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s. His name was mooted as a possible successor. It's a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion.
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kość niezgody(twierdzenie; spór) Lernen beginnen
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The issue has been a bone of contention between him and me. The statement which you brought up is not my contention.
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rozproszony; szerzyć, rozpowszechniać; rozwlekły (styl) Lernen beginnen
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to (cause something to) spread in many directions: spread out and not directed in one place a diffuse literary style. This idea diffused across the whole world. Television is a powerful means of diffusing knowledge. The drop of red dye diffused slowly in the water.
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a very small amount: Could I have a smidgen more wine? It was five years since I'd last seen him, but he hadn't changed a smidgen.
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a great change, especially causing or involving much difficulty, activity, or trouble: Yesterday's coup brought further upheaval to a country already struggling with famine. I'm not sure it's worth the upheaval of moving to gain just a little more space.
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zmienić zdanie, zmiana zdania Lernen beginnen
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to change a plan completely(US), alternate Some politicians tend to flip flop on their policies.
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zaliczka (przy wynajmie, dla adwokata), lokaj (starodawne) Lernen beginnen
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an amount of money that you pay to someone so as to be sure that that person can work for you when you need them to. a servant who has usually been with the same family for a long time
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mieszać, wymieszać, przemieszać (np. substancje, kolory, fakty) Lernen beginnen
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to become mixed together The flavours intermingle to produce a very unusual taste. Fact is intermingled with fiction throughout the book.
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rozprawa(np. magisterska), praca pisemna Lernen beginnen
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thesis Their main thesis was that war was inevitable.
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wkraczać, bezprawnie naruszać invade, creep, snake Lernen beginnen
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to take control or possession of something in a gradual way and often without being noticed: Farmers encroached on forest land to grow crops. These devices are encroaching on people’s privacy.
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liberia, szata; barwy firmowe Lernen beginnen
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a special uniform worn by servants or particular officials. the colours or design which are put on a company's vehicles and other things that it owns or sells: an aircraft in the livery of Air Atlantique
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I don't have to listen to you, you are a junior.
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przeróbka, przerabiac(potocznie) Lernen beginnen
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to change or arrange something again, in order to improve it: We revamped the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before. The walled garden was completely revamped last year.
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polepszenie, wzrost wartości Lernen beginnen
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improvement: Several changes have been made for the betterment of the sport.
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wyjawić coś, wygadać się, brozlać coś; wychodzić w dużych ilościach Lernen beginnen
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to flow or fall out of a container. If people spill out of a place, large numbers of them come out of it: All the shopping had spilled out of my bag. The contents of the truck spilled out across the road. People were spilling out of the wine bar onto the street. All his resentment spilled out.
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runąć, spadać, obniżać się (o wartości, cenie. wysokości) Lernen beginnen
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to plunge, to fall suddenly and quickly The prices are plummeting, so it's a good moment to buy a few shares. The climber plummeted to the ground, but luckily he survived
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nieprowadzący zmagań wojennych Lernen beginnen
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ostry sprzeciw, gwałtowna krytyczna reakcja Lernen beginnen
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a strong feeling among a group of people in reaction to a change or recent events in society or politics: the 60s backlash against bourgeois materialism the backlash against feminism
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a gun that can be carried easily He was found guilty of possessing an unlicensed firearm.
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informować, instruować, poinformować, poinstruować, zakres obowiązków, instruktaż (dla pracownika) Lernen beginnen
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to give essential information, to make an abstract or abridgment of She briefed everyone about an upcoming fire drill. I would like to brief you on my plans. I have a brief at my new job tomorrow.
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próbny alarm pożarowy, ćwiczenia przeciwpożarowe Lernen beginnen
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zgadzać się z czymś, popierać coś, zaprenumerować Lernen beginnen
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to give or express one's approval (as to a proposal) promised that as president he would never subscribe to the use of torture as an interrogation method, regardless of the circumstances
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słuchać (słuchajcie uważnie), wracać do czegoś (punktu wyjścia) Lernen beginnen
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used to tell someone to listen: If someone harks back to something in the past, they talk about it again and again, often in a way that annoys other people: If something harks back to something in the past, it is similar to it: Hark, I hear a distant trumpet! He's always harking back to his childhood and saying how things were better then. The director's latest film harks back to the early years of cinema.
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slavery, bondage having known only thralldom, the people rejoiced in their newfound freedom
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różnorodny, heterogeniczny Lernen beginnen
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consisting of parts or things that are very different from each other Switzerland is a heterogeneous confederation of 26 self-governing cantons.
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My friend is a prodigious history buff
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grobla, zapora, wał ochrony Lernen beginnen
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a wall built to prevent the sea or a river from covering an area, or a channel dug to take water away from an area
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a large container in a church, usually made of stone, that holds the water used for baptisms
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graniczny (np. stan między Jawa a snem) Lernen beginnen
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between or belonging to two different places, states, etc. the liminal state between waking and sleeping
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wypowiadać publicznie, nadawać (w radiu lub telewizji) Lernen beginnen
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President aired his views on the war. The professor aired his controversial opinions and got fired.
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zmienić temat, oddać się dygresji Lernen beginnen
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That's what I started to tell you before we went off at a tangent."I wonder," he said, and went off at a tangent.
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szkapa, chabeta(archaizm), zrzęda Lernen beginnen
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an archaic term denoting a mere It seems this nag hasn't been fed for ages. It seems this nag hasn't been fed for ages.
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UK offensive Lernen beginnen
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a rectangular piece that has been cut from an area of grass: He worked fast, cutting and slicing the turf neatly, heaving the sod to one side. He's won again - the lucky sod! Apparently he's a sod to work for. What did you do that for, you stupid sod
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the parts of the female sex organs that are outside the body
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cudzołożyć dwójka nie żonata Lernen beginnen
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to have sex with someone who you are not married to. formal disapproving He was never seen fornicating in public again, with or without a woman's consent.
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a small animal with thick, warm fur, or the fur of this animal used for making clothes and artists' brushes Pelts in demand were sable, mink, chinchilla and silver fox. a $150,000 sable coat
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archaiczne określenie osła Lernen beginnen
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an old term used for denoting a donkey
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a wood tends to rot away much more easily than a stone-based material.
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targowanie się, spierać się Lernen beginnen
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to bargain It's traditional that you haggle over/about the price of things in the market. Haggling is now a thing of the past and unacceptable. I'm not going to haggle about it.
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zbiór dzieł, ogół tekstów (np. prace jakiegoś autora lub prace na jakiś temat, trzon Lernen beginnen
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a collection of written or spoken material stored on a computer and used to find out how language is used: a collection of a single writer's work, or of writing about a particular subject. a body or the main part of an organ All the dictionary examples are taken from a corpus of billions of words.
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zgadzać się z, odpowiadać Lernen beginnen
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to match or agree with something else The numbers on your spreadsheet don't tally with ours.
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niepewny (np. dowód), wątpliwy (argument); chwiejny (konstrukcja, krok), słaby (głos) Lernen beginnen
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Their argument was too shaky to consider it. His shaky step caught my attention. The fence around your property is shaky.
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uduszenie (kogoś; uciskając szyję rękami lub np. sznurkiem) Lernen beginnen
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An autopsy showed that he had died of strangulation.
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uzyskać, wzbudzać, wydobyć (informacje, odpowiedź) Lernen beginnen
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to get or produce something, especially information or a reaction: The questionnaire was intended to elicit information on eating habits. They were able to elicit the support of the public. The teacher elicits definitions from the students. elicitation
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zdobyć zazwyczaj po wysiłku, stręczyć do nierządu, dostarczać komuś prostytutki Lernen beginnen
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to get something, especially after an effort: to get a prostitute for someone else to have sex with She's managed somehow to procure his phone number.
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relating to the study or activity of growing garden plants: a horticultural show He is a professor of horticultural science.
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wszystko, co najważniejsze Lernen beginnen
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the most important thing We all agreed that winning was not the be-all and end-all. It was the period when everyone saw men in space as the be-all and end-all of space exploration.
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pokonać z kretesem (wytrzeć kimś podłogę) Lernen beginnen
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to defeat someone very easily: "I hear Italy beat France in the semifinals last night." "Beat them? They wiped the floor with them!"
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kopnąć w kalendarz, umrzeć Lernen beginnen
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The doctor said I'll kick the bucket soon anyways.
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niezorganizowany; niechlujny i zaniedbany,(o żołnierzach i umundurowaniu) Lernen beginnen
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untidy and not similar or organized: The village was guarded by a ragtag group of soldiers. He arrived with a ragtag collection of friends.
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skryty, ukryty (np. o osobie mającej jakiś sekret), naradzać się, rozmawiać na osobności Lernen beginnen
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to put yourself in a place, especially a closed space, and stay there: used to refer to a belief, activity, or feeling that is kept secret from the public I know nothing about him because he's always so closet. I don't want her to know about the party, can we closet? Two weeks before my exams I closeted myself (away) in my room with my books and I didn't speak to anyone. a closet communist
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par (członek Izby Lordów) Lernen beginnen
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One of the peers left the room in the middle of the meeting.
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skryć, skrywać, dać mylne wyobrażenie Lernen beginnen
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to show something to be false, or to hide something such as an emotion: Her calm face belied the terror she was feeling.
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czas poprzedzający, rozbieg Lernen beginnen
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the final period of time before an important event:(period before) Everyone is very busy during the run-up to publication. A similar campaign was launched in the run-up to Christmas.
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to support or improve an organization, agreement, or system that is not working effectively or that is likely to fail. to stop a wall or a building from falling down by supporting it with building materials such as wood or metal The new public relations manager has the difficult task of shoring up the company's troubled image. Boundary walls have had to be shored up.
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wstęp, pierwszy krok propozycja (zwykle dotycząca rozpoczęcia negocjacji) Lernen beginnen
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a piece of music that is an introduction to a longer piece, especially an opera. a communication made to someone in order to offer something overtures of friendship. Neither side in the conflict seems willing to make peace overtures. So he's been making overtures (= showing a sexual interest), has he?
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obracać się przeciw komuś, odnosić odwrotny skutek Lernen beginnen
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(of a plan) to have the opposite result from the one you intended Her plans to make him jealous backfired on her when he started dating her best friend.
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oddalać, chwilowo powstrzymywać Lernen beginnen
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to stop something bad from happening, or to keep an unwanted situation or person away, usually temporarily: We were hoping to stave off these difficult decisions until September.
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laik, profan (człowiek nieznający się na danej dziedzinie, OSOBA ŚWIECKA Lernen beginnen
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The parish council consisted of both clergy and laymen. Oh, no, I was too young to be anything but a layman.
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poszlakowy, wskazujący na coś, ale bez jasnego dowodu, Lernen beginnen
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containing information, especially about a crime, that makes you think something is true but does not completely prove it: circumstantial evidence The case against her was circumstantial.
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przesuwać wspomnienia ho ho Lernen beginnen
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a type of animal that brings up food from its stomach and chews it again, for example a cow, sheep, or deer After five years of ruminating, I finally got around to making the things.
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osoba/ pojazd forsującą blokadę Lernen beginnen
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Blockade running is the practice of delivering cargo (food, for example) to a blockaded area.
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a small metal ball or several of these arranged in a ring to make particular parts of a machine move more easily
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Believe it or not, each year, people fight tooth and nail to land this position. We fought tooth and nail to take care of them.
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kombinator (ktoś kto się wymigowuje od obowiązków), pasażer na gapę Lernen beginnen
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a person who avoids doing what they should do: a tax dodger. a conscription dodger.
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zapłacić rachunek, uregulować rachunek, ponieść koszty Lernen beginnen
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pick up the tab
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, tandetny, niegustowny, brudny (np. sekret), niemoralny (o zagraniu), Lernen beginnen
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looking bright and attractive but in fact cheap and of low quality: Their ugly front garden and tacky, tawdry lights fail to reflect our village image. A lot of the city's housing consists of nondescript houses and some districts are downright tawdry. I knew that his motives were tawdry.
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Irredentism is usually understood as a desire by one state to annex a territory of another state. This desire can be motivated by ethnic reasons because the population of the territory is ethnically similar to the population of the parent state
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wspólna płaszczyzna, język Lernen beginnen
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share common ground. We have never been able to find much common ground
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to enjoy something very much: We walked around the city, lapping up the atmosphere. Everyone clapped and cheered and you could see he was lapping it up.
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trudna okoliczność, królicza nora Lernen beginnen
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a complicated or difficult situation, especially one that is difficult to get out of: Their advice is not meant to send you down a rabbit hole, and involve you in chaos and disorder. She once went down that political rabbit hole. Let's avoid that particular rabbit hole and consider a broader and more unsettling point.
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the part of the body that is above the legs and below the waist, especially the sexual organs: the fruit of your loins (= your child/children) He favoured his adopted son over the issue of his own loins.
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dewota; wielbiciel, entuzjasta, Lernen beginnen
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a person who strongly admires a particular person or is extremely interested in a subject: buff He is a great devotee of the prime minister. devotees of golf
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przerabiać (coś innego dobrze znajomego), przeróbka, powtórzyć rzecz powiedzianą wcześniej (często w irytujący sposób) Lernen beginnen
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a book, film, piece of music, etc. that is very similar to previous ones and has no new ideas or improvements: to write, say, do, etc. something again with no new ideas or improvements His new book is just a rehash of his previous ones. The information in the report is a rehash of old discussions and misconceptions. Some students merely rehash what they've heard in lectures.
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, wyrywkowy, SZCZĄTJOWY, fragmentaryczny; po trochu, wyrywkowo Lernen beginnen
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not done according to a plan but done at different times in different ways Unfortunately, everything is being done piecemeal. Do we fix it all now, or do we approach it piecemeal over time?
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a flag on a ship that shows which country the ship belongs to The following is a table of the other ensigns used in Malaysia.
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podzielić coś, rozdzielić (terytorium) Lernen beginnen
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to divide something into smaller parts: The Nazi-Soviet pact carved up the Baltic states in 1939.
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źle skończyć/ umrzeć gwałtownie Lernen beginnen
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(masowe wyjście), wyjazd, masowa emigracja Lernen beginnen
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The war caused an exodus of the civilian population.
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strój, ubiór (sposób ubierania się) Lernen beginnen
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penitential garb. monastic garb
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a person, especially in the armed forces, who does not fight in a war, for example a priest or a doctor non-combatant troops/ships About 100,000 non-combatant civilians died in that battle.
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ludzka siła robocza, rezerwy ludzkie, siła ludzkich mięśni Lernen beginnen
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the number of people working in a company I know exactly how much time and manpower are wasted in this branch. This boulder cannot be moved with manpower. We are to give him the manpower and assistance he needs
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raczkujący, nowo powstały (np. o partii), wyfrunąć, opuścić gniazdo po uzyskaniu właściwego upierzenia (o ptaku) Lernen beginnen
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(of a young bird) to grow feathers and learn to fly: nascent The chicks are expected to fledge in August. It is one way to support Russia's fledging democracy and to help people in great need.
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A few weeks later he was again on guard duty. I know how they usually work guard duty in the military.
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w trybie przyśpieszonym, natychmiast, bez sądu Lernen beginnen
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suddenly, without discussion or a legal process: He was summarily dismissed from his job. More than 50 other captured rebels were summarily executed
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the fact that someone deserves to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad: After the accident, the company refused to accept culpability. The Army denied any culpability, but later compensated owners.
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to touch or make changes to something that you should not, usually without enough knowledge of how it works or when you are trying to damage it: to speak to and try to influence someone involved in a legal case: I could see immediately that the lock had been tampered with. Tampering with pipelines could result in ruptures or fires. She is charged with official misconduct and tampering with witnesses.
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using someone or something unfairly, in a way that helps you or makes money for you but may cause harm to them or to other people: The housekeeper works long hours for her exploitative employers. The merchandising looks greedy and exploitative.
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ostatnia godzina dla czegoś, dzwon śmierci dla czegoś Lernen beginnen
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toll the death knell for sth a warning of the end of something The opening of the superstore will sound/toll the death knell for hundreds of small independent shops.
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rujnujący, wyniszczający 2) leżący w ruinie Lernen beginnen
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causing great harm and destruction ten ruinous years of war. The proposed bill is ruinous to the home building industry.
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zainicjować coś(oderwać się od ziemi), zacząć odnosić sukcesy Lernen beginnen
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We help small companies to get off the ground
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żyła złota, maszynka do robienia pieniędzy Lernen beginnen
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the part of a business that makes a lot of profit Europe has not been just a cash cow, but an important source for political thinking
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zawyżyć (wartość czegoś, np. akcji firmy), zwiększyć, podwyższyć (np. tempo produkcji w fabryce) Lernen beginnen
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If a business ramps up its activity, it increases it: to increase the speed, power, or cost of something: The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10,000 units per month. To stay competitive, they'll have to ramp up product development as well as cut prices. Mitsubishi has ramped up the speed of its new micro-controllers.
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word formed from initial letters of words constituting a name of an organization, product, etc. What does the acronym VIP mean? CEO is an acronym for Chief Executive Officer.
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kreślić (np. plan), nanosić (na mapę) Lernen beginnen
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Why don't you plot your ideas for the living room?
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a statement in an agreement, saying that a particular thing must happen before another can: He was released from prison with/on the proviso that he doesn't leave the country.
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an occasion when a group of people attempt to take control of their country by force: The government is reported to be concerned about the growing insurgency in the south. counterinsurgency
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kancelaria ambasady; urząd kanclerski Lernen beginnen
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a building or room where a chancellor works or lives, or the people who work in a chancellor's offices
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the most important part of an activity, or the quality that you most need for that activity: People say that in politics the name of the game is making the right friends. Repeating the vocabulary related to the field of interest or the most used phrases is really the name of the game
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Can you slice the bread in half? The bullet sliced the water and killed the fish. John sliced my legs and I tripped.
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dyskredytować, deprecjonować Lernen beginnen
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belittle. to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value him, her, or it: That was hard to disparage, for a number of reasons. When they talk among themselves, these women commonly disparage men. The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity.
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the fact that someone is likely to behave in a particular way, especially a bad way: He has the propensity to be a bit gregarious when he shouldn't be. I have a propensity to insult people even when I don't intend to. propensity to utilize a certain array of phrases and words that are characteristics of social minorities in the capitol.
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okres wyciszenia (np. po pracy), przestój, okres wyłączenia Lernen beginnen
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they had a downtime after the long-lasting period of continuous shore raids.
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dotyczący wydatków i zachowania (np. prawa) Lernen beginnen
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relating to rules or laws that control spending, especially for religious or moral reasons: Sumptuary laws dictated which classes of people could wear certain clothes or fabrics. Sumptuary goods were restricted to certain groups within society through laws or social rules.
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ruch polityczny i społeczny, dążący do połączenia w jeden organizm państwowy ziem zamieszkiwanych przez podobne grupy etniczne. Lernen beginnen
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a person advocating the restoration to their country of any territory formerly belonging to it. Irredentism is one state's desire to annex the territory of another state
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zewnętrzny (o sprzęcie niestanowiącym integralnej części komputera) Lernen beginnen
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He wrote off the last of his off-board probes.
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Establish the foundation for Set the stage for Prepare the way for
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czysty zysk 🚂 (szybki dorobek), czasami nieuczciwid Lernen beginnen
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a way of making money quickly, easily, and often dishonestly Conferences are seen as a gravy train by many organisers who charge exorbitant rates for poor services.
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someone who develops ideas about the explanation for events
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zaciemniać obraz (np. jakiegoś problemu) Lernen beginnen
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And maybe they could muddy the waters a bit for good measure.
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