Unit 11 CB plmqaz

to set out

to start an activity with a particular aim. She set out with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.

on sight

from the first time you see something There is also a collection of tools on sight.

to catch the sight of sb

to see someone unclearly (for example in a crowd); I caught the sight of Pam while doing shopping in a supermarket.

to keep out of sight

to be beyond the sight We've got to keep out of sight.

to investigate

to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to discover the truth; Police are investigating allegations of corruption involving senior executives.

to be visible to the naked eye

If something can be seen with the naked eye, it can be seen without the help of an instrument; This organism is too small to be seen with the naked eye.

ministry

a department of the government led by a minister; the Ministry of Defense/Agriculture

to be in full view of sb–

to be seen by witnesses of the event. He sprayed swear words on the ministry building in full view of the police.

to come into view

to be able to see something; As we turned the corner the palace come into view.

to sprain

to cause an injury to a joint (= a place where two bones are connected) by a sudden movement; She sprained her ankle playing squash.

to have a look at sth

to glance at something; Can I have a look at your records?

to take a closer look at sth

to examine something; to inspect; The pilot swooped down to take a closer look at trees.

mole

a small mammal that is nearly blind, has dark fur, and lives in passages that it digs underground; No, you are much bigger than a mole.

to have a poor vision

to have poor eye-sight. Moles have very poor vision.

familiar

easy to recognize because of being seen, met, heard, etc. before. There were one or two familiar faces (= people I knew). The house looked strangely familiar, though she knew she'd never been there before. The street was familiar to me.

breathtaking

extremely exciting, beautiful, or surprising; The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.

to be in the public eye

to be famous and written about in newspapers and magazines and seen on television. Justin Bieber has been in the public eye for a long time.

an in-dept look

a look done carefully and in great detail. an in-depth report/interview/analysis

X-RAY

a photograph of a part of the body made using X-rays. The X-ray showed a slight irregularity in one lung.

to catch sb’s eye

to get someone's attention; A sudden movement caught my eye.

conduct (noun)

1) the manner in which a person behaves, especially in a particular place or situation They were arrested for disorderly conduct. 2) the manner in which an organization or activity is managed or directed the conduct of the elections

conduct (verb)

1) organize and carry out: in the second trial He conducted his own defence surveys conducted among student. 2) lead or guide (someone) to or around a particular place He conducted us through his personal gallery of the Civil War. 3) direct the performance of (a piece of music or an orchestra, choir, etc.) The concert is to be conducted by Sir Simon Rattle.

noun: conductibility adjective:

conductible

transcendent

beyond or above the range of normal or physical human experience the search for a transcendent level of knowledge

stroke

move one’s hand with gentle pressure over (a surface), typically repeatedly; caress He put his hand on her hair and stroked it.

for good measure

in addition to what has already been done or said He added a couple of chillies for good measure.

bob

make a quick, short movement up and down I could see his head bobbing about.

plant (e. g. a kick)

set or place in a particular position She planted a kiss on his cheek.

absorption –

1) the process by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another The country’s absorption into the Ottoman Empire 2) the state of being engrossed in something her absorption in the problems of the Third World

adjective: absorptive noun:

absorptivity

restore

bring back or re-establish (a previous right, practice, or situation) The government restored confidence in the housing market.

adjective: restorable noun:

restorer

laissez-faire

the policy of leaving things to take their own course, without interfering a laissez-faire attitude to life

drawback

a feature that renders something less acceptable; a disadvantage or problem The main drawback of fitting catalytic converters is the cost.

obligation

an act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound; a duty or commitment: I have an obligation to look after her.

Adjective from obligation –

obligational

recreate

to make something exist or happen again They plan to recreate a typical English village in Japan.

chorus

part of a song that is repeated several times, usually after each verse or a piece of music written to be sung by a choir I'll sing the verses and I'd like you all to join in the chorus.

1) horrific –

extremely shocking, bad or frightening Her injuries were horrific. She's been through a horrific ordeal. 2) very bad or unpleasant We had a horrific trip.

ADVERB from horrific:

horrifically

extension

the act of increasing the area of activity, group of people, etc. that is affected by something The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities. My home life was becoming no more than an extension of my job.

to stifle

to prevent something from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed She managed to stifle a yawn. They hope the new rules will not stifle creativity. The government failed to stifle the unrest. 2) to feel unable to breathe, or to make somebody unable to breathe, because it is too hot and/or there is no fresh air I felt I was stifling in the airless room.

ADJECTIVE from stifle: ‘It's stifling in here—can we open a window?’ At 25, she found family life stifling.

stifling

ADVERB from stifle:

stiflingly The room was stiflingly hot.

oblivious to –.

not aware of sth You eventually become oblivious to the noise. The couple seemed oblivious to what was going on around them

to stem –

to stop something that is flowing from spreading or increasing The cut was bandaged to stem the bleeding. They discussed ways of stemming the flow of smuggled drugs. The government had failed to stem the tide of factory closures.

to stem from sth –

to be the result from sth Most people's insecurities stem from something that happened in their childhood.

1) readily –

quickly and without difficulty All ingredients are readily available from your local store. 2) in a way that shows you do not object to something Most people readily accept the need for laws.

to fidget with sth

to keep moving your body, your hands or your feet because you are nervous, bored, excited, etc Sit still and stop fidgeting!

to be cocooned in your own world –

to not notice the need of others, only yours They were cocooned in their own world, with not the slightest concert for anyone around.

unabashed

not ashamed, embarrassed or affected by people's disapproval, when other people would be He was unabashed by the reaction he had caused. She watched them kissing with unabashed interest. He appeared unabashed by all the media attention.

ADVERBfr. unabashed:

unabashedly

turnout

1. the number of people who attend a particular event This year's festival attracted a record turnout. 2. the number of people who vote in a particular election high/low/poor turnout

downpour

a heavy fall of rain that often starts suddenly A heavy downpour before the start of the match left the pitch looking rather like a swimming pool

upturn

(especially in economics) an improvement or a change to a higher level or value a sharp upturn in the economy Opposite: downturn

upturned

pointing or looking up, or having the part which is usually at the bottom turned to be at the top An upturned boat on the beach provided shelter.

income

the money that a person, a region, a country, etc. earns from work, from investing money, from business, etc people on high/low incomes a weekly disposable income (= the money that you have left to spend after tax, etc.) of £2

a rise in national income higher/middle/lower income groups

learn!

outbreak

a time when something suddenly begins, especially a disease or something else dangerous or unpleasant an outbreak of cholera/food poisoning/rioting/war

infect

1. to pass a disease to a person, animal or plant The ward was full of children infected with TB. 2. to make someone have the same feeling or emotion as you Her optimism seemed to infect all those around her. 3. to pass harmful programs from one computer to another, or within files in the same computer A computer virus may lurk unseen in a computer's memory, calling up and infecting each of the machine's data files in turn.

Insight

(the ability to have) a clear, deep and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated problem or situation It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships. Adjective from insight - insightful showing a clear understanding of a person or situation an insightful historian

outcome

a result or effect of an action, situation, etc It's too early to predict the outcome of the meeting.

setback

something that happens which delays or prevents a process from advancing Sally had been recovering well from her operation, but yesterday she experienced/suffered a setback. There has been a slight/temporary setback in our plans.

upset

1. to make someone worried, unhappy or angry It still upsets him when he thinks about the accident. 2. to change the usual or expected state or order of something, especially in a way which stops it from happening or working Any mechanical problems would upset our plans of driving across the desert. 3. to make someone feel slightly ill He can't eat grapes - they upset him/his stomach. 4. to push or knock something out of its usual position, usually by accident, especially causing it to fall Our

output

an amount of something produced by a person, machine, factory, country, etc Last year British manufacturing output fell by 14%.

Upbringing

the way in which someone is treated and educated when they are young, especially by their parents, especially in relation to the effect which this has on how they behave and make moral decisions Is it right to say all the crimes he committed were simply the result of his upbringing?

breakdown

1. a failure to work or be successful I had a breakdown (= my car stopped working) in the middle of the road. Both sides blamed each other for the breakdown of talks. 2. [C or U] a division of something into smaller parts We asked for a breakdown of the accident figures into day time and night time. 3. [C] a nervous breakdown

looting

the activity of stealing from shops during a violent event There were reports of widespread looting as football hooligans stampeded through the city centre.

attribute

a quality or characteristic that someone or something has Organizational ability is an essential attribute for a good manager.

attribute something to something

to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.

Bad/Hard/Tough luck!

said to express sympathy with someone when something bad has happened to them "They've just run out of tickets." "Oh, bad luck!"

To read aloud –

to read audibly, so more people can hear what you read The mischievous teacher likes to call on the sleepiest-looking students to read aloud from the textbook

Avid reader

– Marked by keen interest and enthusiasm I consider myself an avid reader, because I read often I have a passion for books and authors.

Good read –

piece of reading which is worth to read; recommended This book is a very good read – I’d definitely recommend it!

To read widely –

to read a lot of different publications. As a student he read widely and voraciously on a whole range of subjects from algebra to zoology.

To read well –

having read widely and intelligently; erudite He was a very well-read, thoughtful man, and agreeable.

Voraciously

Having or marked by an insatiable appetite for an activity or pursuit; greedy: I am reading crime novels voraciously.

To write a rough draft –

the first version of a piece of writing The teacher requested rough drafts of the essay from the students

Copy sth neatly –

to make copy very precisely After you read it carefully, you need to copy it neatly into your notebook for homework. and simply; easily understood

Plain English

with the minimum of jargon, the guide is designed to allow the user to defend their privacy.

To take a gap year –

A gap year is a period of time during which a student takes a break from studying after they have finished school and before they start college or university. I went around the world in my gap year.

Vast –

Very great in size, number, amount, or quantity Vast majority of people getting social services from the council have a right to direct payments.

To broaden sb horizons

– to increase the range of things that someone knows about or has experienced Travelling certainly broadens your horizons.

Employable

– To engage the services of; put to work Employable as a result of the learning opportunities provided and most are offered employment locally

Outstanding

– Superior to others of its kind; distinguished You will learn how to use an extraordinary distant healing method to get truly outstanding results.

Adaptability

– Capable of adapting or of being adapted. Psychological research suggests that adaptability, being able to set goals and progress towards them, having goals that do not conflict.

Resilience

– ability to recover from an illness or coping with a problem and to become happy again; A woman's emotional resilience can vary wildly with the circumstances she finds herself in.

Word formation: -

exception/exceptional gift event/eventful career child/childhood fresh/freshness literature/ literary awaard consider/considerable talent inspire/inspiration social/socially excluded minor/minorities put/output equal/unequalled

exceptional gift –

very unusual gift

prodigious

– very large or powerful and causing surprise or admiration

versatile

– able to do many different things; having many different uses (versatile career)

be expelled from

– to be officially made to leave a school or an organization My brother was expelled from school for bad behaviour.

organize a revolt

– organize a protest against authority, especially that of a government, often involving violence; the action of protesting against authority

earn a living

to get money for work that you do

fulfill one’s ambition –

to do or achieve what was hoped for or expected She has finally fulfilled her childhood ambition to swim with dolphins.

take up sth

to start doing a particular job or activity I thought I might take up cycling.

runner-up

a person or team that finishes second in a race or competition They finished runners-up behind Sweden.

the inspiration FOR -

Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.

be socially excluded

– to prevent sb/sth from entering or taking part in society Women are still excluded from some London clubs.

civic rights –

rights officially connected with a town or city

gypsies

– cyganie

outshine –

to be more impressive than sb/sth He far outshone the rest of the class.

output

an amount of something produced by a person, machine, factory, country, etc. Last year British manufacturing output fell by 14 percent.

contemporary

a person who is of the same age as you She didn't mix with her contemporaries, preferring the company of older people.

remain unequalled by

better or more extreme than any other Though small, this restaurant offers a range of fish dishes unequalled anywhere else in London.

to have a very comfortable middle-class upbringing –

mieć bardzo zamożne wychowanie średnio zamożne

to read widely –

read a lot

to take a critical look at sth

– patrzeć na coś krytycznie

write sth out-

to write something in a complete or final form using notes that you have made Have you written up that report yet?

do sth in rough

prepare in preliminary or sketchy form

look out for

to look carefully at people or things around you in order to try to find a particular person or thing. We were told to look out for a blue van.

suffer a setback –

suffer a difficulty or a problem that delays or prevents sth or makes a situation worse

peer out into –

to stare out at someone or something. A little puppy peered out at them from the cage.

catch sight of =

to catch a glimpse of – to see someone or something briefly; to get a quick look at someone or something. I caught sight of the plane just before it flew out of sight

came into view –

to become visible; to move closer so as to be seen. The tall buildings of the city came into sight first.

be kept out of sight –

not visible; too far away to be seen. The cat kept out of sight until the mouse came out.

come out to –

if something comes out, it becomes known He said it'll all come out in court.

Sitter (wf)

babysitter

Exhibition of

a show of paintings, photographs, or other objects that people can go to see An exhibition of black and white photographs

Look back on

to think about sth that had happened in the past Looking back on it I still can’t figure out what went wrong

Approach

to move towards, to ask sb for sth She heard footsteps approaching... Students should be able to approach teachers for advice

Integrity

the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right A man of great moral integrity

Emerge from

to appear or come out from somewhere The flowers emerge in the spring.

Cover up

to put sth over sth else so that it cannot be seen Her legs were so swollen e had to cover them up.

Wrinkles

lines on your face and skin that you get when you are old Her face was a mess of wrinkles

Blank look

shows no emotion, understanding or interests Zoo looked at me with a blank expression

Flattery

praise that you do not really mean

To write in plain English

conveying the meaning clearly