vocabulary midterm

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Frage English Antworten English
tarnished
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lost polishing, darker layer, discolored
to splutter
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to cough (machine, engine) The engine gave one last splutter and died.
in tatters
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torn to pieces
ingrained
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deep, fixed, born with, become part of He has deeply ingrained respect for women.
creased
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marks from folding/crumbling He wore trousers with sharp creases.
jaded
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without energy/interest What happened? You look jaded today.
mangled
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very badly injured/squeezed flat/empty The car was mangled beyond recognition.
marked
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damage by sth solid
rustle
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soft sound of leaves in breeze
plop
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sth dropped into the liquid The stone fell into the water with a soft plop.
crackle
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sound of breaking (sparks, in fire) He heard logs crackling in the fireplace.
squeal
squeak
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sound of little pigs
mice
patter
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repeated light tapping sound The rain pattered against the window.
crescent-shaped
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kształt półksiężyca, rożka
conical /cone
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stożkowy
a oblong
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a rectangular shape with unequal next sides
convex
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wypukły, shaped like a outside of a circle
rectangular
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prostokątny
concave
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wklęsły, hollow and curved, shaped like a interior of acircle
semi-circular/ half-moon shaped
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półkolisty
cylindrical
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log shaped
novelty
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nowość
bonanza
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żyła złota
marvel
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cud/zdziwienie
perpendicular
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pionowy/prostopadły
oblique
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ukośna /
slanting down
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in a sloping/oblique direction
a sloping line
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inclined from horizontal or vertical line
a crooked line
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bent, twisted out of shape
a jagged edge
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with rough, sharp points protruding
a steep hill
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strome wzgórze
rolling hills
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pofalowane wzgórza
undulating countryside
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falsity krajobraz
weighty
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abstract & physical things/idea of serioussness - a weighty tome, issue
unwieldy
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ab & ph / difficult to handle - unwieldy system/ unwieldy object (box), procedure, suitcase
cumbersome
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machines/equipment/system/structures - a cumbersome weapon/process
burdensome
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abstract things - a burdensome duty
ponderous
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slow & clumsy because of the weight/dull and excessively serious abstract - a ponderous style, a ponderous thesis/tone/narrative
lumbering
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physical things, „heavy movement” - a lumbering truck, a lumbering bear/vehicle
weighed down
She is weighed down with problems/I hate being weighed down with suitcases when I travel.
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carrying heavy things/problems
to weigh up (alternatives)
We need to weigh up the alternatives before we make the decision.
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to compare and consider
to weigh out
You need to weigh out a kilo of nuts.
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weigh a quantity of loose goods
weighing on me - troubling my mind
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The memory of what happened that night was weighing one me for years.
weighed in (arguments) - to add more points to the argument
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We almost made a decision, but then she weighed in some new informations.
sift
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shake it in a sieve to separate the grains You need to sift the flour into a bowl.
lumpy
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have solid pieces in it I couldn’t sleep because the mattress was so lumpy.
impervious
He wasn’t even upset when she called him stupid, he’s impervious to insults.
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liquid cannot pass through/an impervious material (glass)/a person who is impervious to criticism
zinc
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cynk, bluish-white metal, medical (Zn)
tin
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cheap, silvery-white metal (Sn), cans, tinfoil
uranium
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medicine, bombs, nuclear reactions
carbon dioxide
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co2
hydrogen
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wodór, bombs, rocket fuel
phosphorus
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(P) glows in the dark, exposions
mercury
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rtęć, quick silver
nickel
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coins
copper
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miedź, first metal used by people
sodium cholride
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Nacl, salt
nitrogen
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fertilizers, azot
copper + tin
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bronze
copper + zinc
mosiądz
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brass
iron + carbon
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steel
lime (wapno) + clay (glina) + sand + water
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cement
-ll- + gravel (crushed rock)
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concrete (beton)
polystyrene
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PVC, tiles
cord(uroy)
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sztruks, cotton with vertical ribs
suede (uppers)
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zamsz, velvety side, (shoes)
flannel
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cotton + wool
feather (down) beds
down. close to skin.
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pierze
polyurethane-foam pillows
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?
vinyl
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artificial leather
marble
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expensive rock, form of lime, white with stripes?
formica
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brand made, artificial plastic laminate, glossy and smooth
velvet
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woven fabric of silk, nylon? thick short PILE on one side
chipboard
hardboard
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recycled wood, pressed together harder
teak / pine / oak
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?
cast iron
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żeliwo, casted, pure iron
upholstery
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cover fixed to furniture /pokrycie
enamel
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glossy substance/protective coat
polythene
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flexible synthetic resin - plastic bags, containers
fibreglass
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light, resistant, synthetic (yachts)
nylon
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strong synthetic material (sheets)
tweed
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jackets, rough woolen material
leathery steak
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hard to chew
rubbery lips
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thick, fleshy
glassy look
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static, frozen, dead, away
stony silence
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abslotute, still
a tinny soud
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metaalic, bad quality
wiry
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slim, muscular, lean
an oily rag/a greasy rag
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tłusta szmata:3
meaty discussion
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full of content, rich
milky complexion
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very pale, smooth
a wooden actor
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bad, stiff
a grease gun
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grease dispenser
a wolly argument
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vague, confused
extensive
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large in amount and scale educational facilities/routes
spacious
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outside/garden/city
roomy
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inside/ car/house
rambling
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building/mansion
scattered
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randomly arcross a wide area
spread out
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not close to each other
ample room
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more than enough
cramped
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small or restricted/ hotel rooms
poky
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uncomfortably small / room/flat
congested
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crowded with traffic/people congested streets
compact
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P, tiny, compact refigerator
enough room to swing a cat
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a lot of room;))
hemmed in by
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surrounded by people, not able to move
bustling with
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lots of people busily moving around/
packed in like sardines
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too many people in small space
boundary
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the edge of large space
rear (of property)
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back
crammed into
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packed
(it can be a bit of a) squash
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a lot of sth in small space
all his born days
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all his life
in a mo/sec/tick/less than no time/jiffy
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very soon
for donkeys years/since the year dot
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for a long time
till the cows go home
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for ever
in the nick of time
she turned up just in the nick of time to catch a train.
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only just in time
to be over the hill/past it
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to be too old
has-been
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person who is no longer famous
in a flash/at a rate of knots
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very quickly
fleeting
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brief/quick - glimpse, smile, moment, visit
lenghty
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continuing for a long time - process, discussion, negotiations, delay
transient
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lasting for a short time/in passing - effect, feeling, pleasure
persistent
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lasting for a long time/hard to get rid of/stop - cough, problems, rumor, smell, gossip
inexorable
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continuing without hope of being stopped - rise, decline, pressure, advance of time
incipient
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just beginning - panic, rage, rebellion, wrinkles, dementia
protracted
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lasting for long time/made to last longer - argument/negotiations/discussions
lingering
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taking a long time to leave or disappear - perfume, kiss, smile
prolong
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to make longer
pitch black
tar
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intently black - night/ darkness (pitch
smoła)
jet black
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intently black - hair/eyes
scarlet
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very bright red
crimson
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strong deep red
ginger
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orangey red - hair/cats
lime
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bright yellowish green
beige
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light creamy brown
chestnut
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deep reddish brown - hair/horses
auburn
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red-brown, hair
emerald
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bright geen
ruby
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deep red
amber
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yellowy orange
sapphire
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deep blue
coral
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orangey pink
jade
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dark green
mauve
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pale purple
harsh colors
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unpleasantly strong
vivid colors
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strong, bright (scarlet/turquoise)
elecric
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blues/greens - extremely bright
monochrome
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only in one color/shade of/
blue collars workers
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physical/uskilled
to see red
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to be very angry
red carpet treatment / red letter day
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special importance
red views
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communists, left-wing
to look/turn green
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nausea
to turn green with envy
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?
black future
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without hope/depressing
to look as black as thunder
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anger
black market/sheep of the family/mark
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illegality/incorrectness
grey area
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lack of clarity
grey matter/grey cells
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brains
white as snow/whiter than white
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purity
to be as white as a sheet
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being pale
a white-knuckle ride
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terrifying
white collars workers
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office workers
archaeologist
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person who studies the material evidence of past societies
empire
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group of countries ruled by a single person
dynasty
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different rulers who are all from the same family/period of time that a country is controlled by them
reigns
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period that a king/queen/emperor rules
heirs
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person legally entitled to continue the work of sone important who died/has the same position as they had
successors
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person who takes over from another person
coronations
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event when king/queen receives her crown
conquests
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when sone/army defeats and takes over another country
peasants
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person who works on age land and earns little, low social status
labourers
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unskilled manual work
migrations
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moving from one place to another in large numbers
interpreting whatever shreds of evidence
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very small amounts
Bronze Age
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period when metals copper and tin began to be used to make weapons/tools
medieval times
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Middle Anges - 1000-1500AD
Renaissance
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period of growth of interest and activity in the arts in Europe in 14-16c.
pre-colonial era
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before Europeans arrived in large number and took power
infantry
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soldiers on foot
cavalry
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soldiers on horseback
(suit of) armour
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metal protective clothing-soldiers
chariot
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two wheeled vehicle pulled by a horse in ancient times for racing and war
galleon
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large sailing ship/3-4 masts
warlord
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military leader, controls a country/area within a country
merchant
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sone who buys and sells things in large amounts/espec. by trading with other countries
monarch
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neutral term for king/queen
the nobility
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collective for highest social rank in society
last resort
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something you do when everything else has failed
diplomacy
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activities concerning the relationships between governments
sanctions
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official orders, such as the stopping of trade taken against a country to make it obey law
weaponry
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weapons in general/of different types
civilian casualties
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people killed/injured, not a part of military or police
intervention
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intentionally becoming involved in a difficult situation to improve it or stop it from getting worse
regime change
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changing the leader/government of country, using force
overthrow
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remove sone from power using force
unrest
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disagreement or fighting between groups
clashes
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fights / arguments
ethnic
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national or racial
escalate
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become greater and more serious
all-out
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complete and total
suppression
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violent and cruel ending of the right or freedom to do something
ethnic cleansing
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attempt to remove from a country anyone who belongs to another racial group
massacres
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killing of large number of people
conflict resolution
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finding a way to end conficts
mistrust
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absence of trust
to wage war on
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fought a war against
hostilities
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acts of war
besieged
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attacked by surrounding it for a period of time
ambush
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attack unexpectedly from secret positions
truce
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agreement during war to stop fighting for a time
ceasefire
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agreement between armies/groups to stop fighting
peacekeeping
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neutral soldiers, trying to hold peace in a divided society
campaign
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planned group od military activities
observes
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outside, neutral poeople/body
rebellion
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people fighting against the government

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